3 ****************************************************************************
4 * Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
5 * Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
7 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
8 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
9 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
10 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
11 * distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
12 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
13 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
15 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
16 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
18 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
19 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
20 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
21 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
22 * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
23 * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
24 * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
26 * Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
27 * holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
28 * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
30 ****************************************************************************
31 * @Id: curs_inopts.3x,v 1.66 2024/04/13 22:20:29 tom Exp @
33 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
36 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
37 <meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see https://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
38 <TITLE>curs_inopts 3x 2024-04-13 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</TITLE>
39 <link rel="author" href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
43 <H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x 2024-04-13 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
45 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
50 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
51 <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_raw</STRONG>,
52 <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>,
53 <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>raw</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - get and set
54 <EM>curses</EM> terminal input options
57 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
58 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
60 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
61 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>
63 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
64 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>
66 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
67 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
68 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
69 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
70 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
72 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nl(void);</STRONG>
73 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nonl(void);</STRONG>
75 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
76 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>
78 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
79 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>
81 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <EM>tenths</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
82 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
83 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
85 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <EM>fd</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
87 <EM>/*</EM> <EM>extensions</EM> <EM>*/</EM>
88 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_cbreak(void);</STRONG>
89 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_echo(void);</STRONG>
90 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_nl(void);</STRONG>
91 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_raw(void);</STRONG>
94 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
95 <EM>ncurses</EM> provides several functions that let an application change the
96 way input from the terminal is handled. Some are global, applying to
97 all windows. Others apply only to a specific window. Window-specific
98 settings are not automatically applied to new or derived windows. An
99 application must apply these to each window if the same behavior is
103 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak, nocbreak</a></H3><PRE>
104 Normally, the terminal driver buffers typed characters until a newline
105 or carriage return is typed. The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine disables line
106 buffering and erase/kill character-processing (interrupt and flow
107 control characters are unaffected), making characters typed by the user
108 immediately available to the program. The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns the
109 terminal to normal (cooked) mode.
111 Initially the terminal may or may not be in <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, as the mode is
112 inherited; therefore, a program should call <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> or <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>
113 explicitly. Most interactive programs using <EM>curses</EM> set the <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>
114 mode. Note that <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> overrides <STRONG>raw</STRONG>. [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a
115 discussion of how these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]
118 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo, noecho</a></H3><PRE>
119 The <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters typed by the
120 user are echoed by <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">getch(3x)</A></STRONG> as they are typed. Echoing by the
121 terminal driver is always disabled, but initially <STRONG>getch</STRONG> is in echo
122 mode, so characters typed are echoed. Authors of most interactive
123 programs prefer to do their own echoing in a controlled area of the
124 screen, or not to echo at all, so they disable echoing by calling
125 <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>. [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how these routines
126 interact with <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]
129 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
130 The <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG> routine is used for half-delay mode, which is similar to
131 <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that characters typed by the user are immediately
132 available to the program. However, after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of
133 seconds, <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned if nothing has been typed. The value of
134 <EM>tenths</EM> must be a number between 1 and 255. Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to leave half-
138 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
139 If the <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), and an interrupt key
140 is pressed on the keyboard (interrupt, break, quit), all output in the
141 terminal driver queue is flushed, giving the effect of faster response
142 to the interrupt, but causing <EM>curses</EM> to have the wrong idea of what is
143 on the screen. Disabling the option (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), prevents the flush.
144 The default for the option is inherited from the terminal driver
145 settings. The <EM>win</EM> argument is ignored.
148 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
149 The <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> option enables the keypad of the user's terminal. If
150 enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), the user can press a function key (such as an
151 arrow key) and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> returns a single value representing the
152 function key, as in <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>. If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <EM>curses</EM> does
153 not treat function keys specially and the program has to interpret the
154 escape sequences itself. If the keypad in the terminal can be turned
155 on (made to transmit) and off (made to work locally), turning on this
156 option causes the terminal keypad to be turned on when <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> is
157 called. The default value for keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.
160 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
161 Initially, whether the terminal returns 7 or 8 significant bits on
162 input depends on the control mode of the terminal driver [see
163 <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>]. To force 8 bits to be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>);
164 this is equivalent, under POSIX, to setting the CS8 flag on the
165 terminal. To force 7 bits to be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>);
166 this is equivalent, under POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the
167 terminal. The window argument, <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored. If the
168 terminfo capabilities <STRONG>smm</STRONG> (meta_on) and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined for
169 the terminal, <STRONG>smm</STRONG> is sent to the terminal when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is
170 called and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> is sent when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.
173 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-nl_nonl">nl, nonl</a></H3><PRE>
174 The <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> routines control whether the underlying display device
175 translates the return key into newline on input.
178 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
179 The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call. If no input
180 is ready, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>getch</STRONG> waits
181 until a key is pressed.
184 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></H3><PRE>
185 When interpreting an escape sequence, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> sets a timer while
186 waiting for the next character. If <STRONG>notimeout(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called,
187 then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> does not set a timer. The purpose of the timeout is to
188 distinguish sequences produced by a function key from those typed by a
192 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw, noraw</a></H3><PRE>
193 The <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out of raw mode.
194 Raw mode is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, in that characters typed are
195 immediately passed through to the user program. The differences are
196 that in raw mode, the interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control
197 characters are all passed through uninterpreted, instead of generating
198 a signal. The behavior of the BREAK key depends on other bits in the
199 terminal driver that are not set by <EM>curses</EM>.
202 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-qiflush_nqiflush">qiflush, nqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
203 When the <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> routine is used, normal flush of input and output
204 queues associated with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG> characters will not be
205 done [see <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>]. When <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG> is called, the queues will be
206 flushed when these control characters are read. You may want to call
207 <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> in a signal handler if you want output to continue as though
208 the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.
211 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout, wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
212 The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines set blocking or non-blocking read for
213 a given window. If <EM>delay</EM> is negative, a blocking read is used (i.e.,
214 waits indefinitely for input). If <EM>delay</EM> is zero, then a non-blocking
215 read is used (i.e., <EM>read</EM> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting). If <EM>delay</EM>
216 is positive, then <EM>read</EM> blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>
217 if there is still no input. Hence, these routines provide the same
218 functionality as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the additional capability of being able
219 to block for only <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).
222 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
223 <EM>curses</EM> does "line-breakout optimization" by looking for typeahead
224 periodically while updating the screen. If input is found, and it is
225 coming from a terminal, the current update is postponed until
226 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG> or <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> is called again. This allows faster response
227 to commands typed in advance. Normally, the input <EM>FILE</EM> pointer passed
228 to <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>, or <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was used, will be used to
229 do this typeahead checking. The <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> routine specifies that the
230 file descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is to be used to check for typeahead instead. If <EM>fd</EM>
231 is -1, then no typeahead checking is done.
234 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
235 All routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG>
236 (SVr4 specifies only "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful
237 completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine
240 X/Open Curses does not specify any error conditions. In this
241 implementation, functions with a window parameter will return an error
242 if it is null. Any function will also return an error if the terminal
243 was not initialized. Also,
245 <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
246 returns an error if its parameter is outside the range 1..255.
249 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
250 <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>,
251 <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> may be implemented as macros.
253 <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> follow historical practice in that they attempt to
254 restore normal ("cooked") mode from raw and cbreak modes respectively.
255 Mixing <STRONG>raw</STRONG>/<STRONG>noraw</STRONG> and <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>/<STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls leads to terminal driver
256 control states that are hard to predict or understand; doing so is not
260 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
261 <EM>ncurses</EM> provides four "is_" functions that may be used to detect if the
262 corresponding flags were set or reset.
264 <STRONG>Query</STRONG> <STRONG>Set</STRONG> <STRONG>Reset</STRONG>
265 ------------------------------
266 is_cbreak cbreak nocbreak
271 In each case, the function returns
273 1 if the flag is set,
275 0 if the flag is reset, or
277 -1 if the library is not initialized.
279 They were designed for <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>, and are not found in SVr4 <EM>curses</EM>,
280 4.4BSD <EM>curses</EM>, or any other previous <EM>curses</EM> implementation.
283 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
284 Applications employing <EM>ncurses</EM> extensions should condition their use on
285 the visibility of the <STRONG>NCURSES_VERSION</STRONG> preprocessor macro.
287 Except as noted in section "EXTENSIONS" above, X/Open Curses, Issue 4,
288 Version 2 describes these functions.
290 <EM>ncurses</EM> follows X/Open Curses and the historical practice of AT&T
291 <EM>curses</EM> implementations, in that the echo bit is cleared when <EM>curses</EM>
292 initializes the terminal state. BSD <EM>curses</EM> differed from this
293 slightly; it left the echo bit on at initialization, but the BSD <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
294 call turned it off as a side effect. For best portability, set <STRONG>echo</STRONG> or
295 <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> explicitly just after initialization, even if your program
296 remains in cooked mode.
298 X/Open Curses is ambiguous regarding whether <STRONG>raw</STRONG> should disable the
299 CR/LF translations controlled by <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>. BSD <EM>curses</EM> did turn off
300 these translations; AT&T <EM>curses</EM> (at least as late as SVr1) did not.
301 <EM>ncurses</EM> does so, on the assumption that a programmer requesting raw
302 input wants a clean (ideally, 8-bit clean) connection that the
303 operating system will not alter.
305 When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, <EM>ncurses</EM> loads the key definitions for the
306 current terminal description. If the terminal description includes
307 extended string capabilities, e.g., from using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>,
308 then <EM>ncurses</EM> also defines keys for the capabilities whose names begin
309 with "k". The corresponding keycodes are generated and (depending on
310 previous loads of terminal descriptions) may differ from one execution
311 of a program to the next. The generated keycodes are recognized by the
312 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">keyname(3x)</A></STRONG> function (which will then return a name beginning with "k"
313 denoting the terminfo capability name rather than "K", used for <EM>curses</EM>
314 key names). On the other hand, an application can use <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>
315 to establish a specific keycode for a given string. This makes it
316 possible for an application to check for an extended capability's
317 presence with <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, and reassign the keycode to match its own
320 Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the definition of any
321 particular string capability. Higher-level applications which use the
322 <EM>curses</EM> <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> and similar functions to return keycodes rely upon the
323 order in which the strings are loaded. If more than one key definition
324 has the same string value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> can return only one keycode.
325 Most <EM>curses</EM> implementations (including <EM>ncurses</EM>) load key definitions in
326 the order defined by the array of string capability names. The last
327 key to be loaded determines the keycode which will be returned. In
328 <EM>ncurses</EM>, you may also have extended capabilities interpreted as key
329 definitions. These are loaded after the predefined keys, and if a
330 capability's value is the same as a previously-loaded key definition,
331 the later definition is the one used.
334 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
335 Formerly, <EM>ncurses</EM> used <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> to control the conversion of
336 newlines to carriage return/line feed on output as well as input.
337 X/Open Curses documents the use of these functions only for input.
338 This difference arose from converting the <EM>pcurses</EM> source (1986), which
339 used <STRONG>ioctl(2)</STRONG> calls and the <EM>sgttyb</EM> structure, to <EM>termios</EM> (the POSIX
340 terminal API). In the former, both input and output were controlled
341 via a single option <STRONG>CRMOD</STRONG>, while the latter separates these features.
342 Because that conversion interferes with output optimization, <EM>ncurses</EM>
343 6.2 (2020) amended <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> to eliminate their effect on output.
346 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
347 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>,
348 <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>
352 ncurses 6.5 2024-04-13 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
356 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
357 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
358 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
360 <li><a href="#h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak, nocbreak</a></li>
361 <li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo, noecho</a></li>
362 <li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
363 <li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
364 <li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
365 <li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
366 <li><a href="#h3-nl_nonl">nl, nonl</a></li>
367 <li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
368 <li><a href="#h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></li>
369 <li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw, noraw</a></li>
370 <li><a href="#h3-qiflush_nqiflush">qiflush, nqiflush</a></li>
371 <li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout, wtimeout</a></li>
372 <li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
375 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
376 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
377 <li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
378 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
379 <li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
380 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>