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54 <H1 class="no-header">curs_attr 3x</H1>
56 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
61 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
62 <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>,
63 <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>,
64 <STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>chgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvchgat</STRONG>,
65 <STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>color_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcolor_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandend</STRONG>,
66 <STRONG>standout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandout</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> character and window
67 attribute control routines
70 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
71 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
73 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_get(attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
74 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_get(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
75 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
76 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_set(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
77 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG>
78 <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
80 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_off(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
81 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_off(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
82 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_on(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
83 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_on(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
85 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attroff(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs);</EM>
86 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattroff(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
87 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attron(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
88 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattron(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
89 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attrset(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
90 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattrset(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
92 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>chgat(int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG>
93 <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
94 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
95 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
96 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvchgat(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
97 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
98 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win,</EM> <EM>int</EM> <EM>y,</EM> <EM>int</EM> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
99 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n,</EM> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
101 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>color_set(short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
102 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wcolor_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts);</EM>
104 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standend(void);</STRONG>
105 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandend(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
106 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standout(void);</STRONG>
107 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
110 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
111 These routines manipulate the current attributes of the
112 named window, which then apply to all characters that are
113 written into the window with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddstr</STRONG> and <STRONG>wprintw</STRONG>.
114 Attributes are a property of the character, and move with
115 the character through any scrolling and insert/delete
116 line/character operations. To the extent possible, they
117 are displayed as appropriate modifications to the graphic
118 rendition of characters put on the screen.
120 These routines do not affect the attributes used when
121 erasing portions of the window. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG> for
122 functions which modify the attributes used for erasing and
125 Routines which do not have a <STRONG>WINDOW*</STRONG> parameter apply to
126 <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
129 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Window-attributes">Window attributes</a></H3><PRE>
130 The <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> functions set the current at-
131 tributes of the given window to <EM>attrs</EM>, with color speci-
132 fied by <EM>pair</EM>. X/Open specified an additional parameter
133 <EM>opts</EM> which is unused in all implementations.
135 Use <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG> to retrieve attributes for the
138 Use <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG> to turn on window attributes,
139 i.e., values OR'd together in <EM>attr</EM>, without affecting oth-
140 er attributes. Use <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG> to turn off
141 window attributes, again values OR'd together in <EM>attr</EM>,
142 without affecting other attributes.
145 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-window-attributes">Legacy window attributes</a></H3><PRE>
146 Most of the window attribute routines are extensions of
147 older routines which assume that color pairs are OR'd into
148 the attribute parameter. These older routines use the
149 same name, omitting an underscore (<STRONG>_</STRONG>).
151 The <STRONG>attrset</STRONG> routine is a legacy feature predating SVr4
152 curses but kept in X/Open Curses for the same reason that
153 SVr4 curses kept it: compatibility.
155 The remaining <STRONG>attr</STRONG>* functions operate exactly like the
156 corresponding <STRONG>attr_</STRONG>* functions, except that they take ar-
157 guments of type <STRONG>int</STRONG> rather than <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>.
159 There is no corresponding <STRONG>attrget</STRONG> function as such in
160 X/Open Curses, although ncurses provides <STRONG>getattrs</STRONG> (see
161 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>).
164 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-character-rendition">Change character rendition</a></H3><PRE>
165 The routine <STRONG>chgat</STRONG> changes the attributes of a given number
166 of characters starting at the current cursor location of
167 <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>. It does not update the cursor and does not per-
168 form wrapping. A character count of -1 or greater than
169 the remaining window width means to change attributes all
170 the way to the end of the current line. The <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG> func-
171 tion generalizes this to any window; the <STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG> function
172 does a cursor move before acting.
174 In these functions, the color <EM>pair</EM> argument is a color-
175 pair index (as in the first argument of <EM>init</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>pair</EM>, see
176 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>). The <STRONG>opts</STRONG> argument is not presently used,
177 but is reserved for the future (leave it <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>).
180 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-window-color">Change window color</a></H3><PRE>
181 The routine <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> sets the current color of the given
182 window to the foreground/background combination described
183 by the color <EM>pair</EM> parameter. The parameter <EM>opts</EM> is re-
184 served for future use; applications must supply a null
188 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Standout">Standout</a></H3><PRE>
189 The routine <STRONG>standout</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attron(A_STANDOUT)</STRONG>.
190 The routine <STRONG>standend</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attrset(A_NORMAL)</STRONG> or
191 <STRONG>attrset(0)</STRONG>, that is, it turns off all attributes.
193 X/Open does not mark these "restricted", because
195 <STRONG>o</STRONG> they have well established legacy use, and
197 <STRONG>o</STRONG> there is no ambiguity about the way the attributes
198 might be combined with a color pair.
201 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-VIDEO-ATTRIBUTES">VIDEO ATTRIBUTES</a></H2><PRE>
202 The following video attributes, defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, can
203 be passed to the routines <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, and <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, or
204 OR'd with the characters passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> (see <STRONG>curs_add-</STRONG>
205 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">ch(3x)</A></STRONG>).
207 <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
208 -----------------------------------------------------------
209 <STRONG>A_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
210 <STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
211 <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
212 <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
213 <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
214 <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
215 <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
216 <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG> Protected mode
217 <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG> Invisible or blank mode
218 <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
219 <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> Italics (non-X/Open extension)
220 <STRONG>A_CHARTEXT</STRONG> Bit-mask to extract a character
222 These video attributes are supported by <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and relat-
223 ed functions (which also support the attributes recognized
224 by <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, etc.):
226 <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
227 -----------------------------------------
228 <STRONG>WA_HORIZONTAL</STRONG> Horizontal highlight
229 <STRONG>WA_LEFT</STRONG> Left highlight
230 <STRONG>WA_LOW</STRONG> Low highlight
231 <STRONG>WA_RIGHT</STRONG> Right highlight
232 <STRONG>WA_TOP</STRONG> Top highlight
233 <STRONG>WA_VERTICAL</STRONG> Vertical highlight
235 The return values of many of these routines are not mean-
236 ingful (they are implemented as macro-expanded assignments
237 and simply return their argument). The SVr4 manual page
238 claims (falsely) that these routines always return <STRONG>1</STRONG>.
241 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
242 These functions may be macros: <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>,
243 <STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG> and <STRONG>standout</STRONG>.
245 Color pair values can only be OR'd with attributes if the
246 pair number is less than 256. The alternate functions
247 such as <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> can pass a color pair value directly.
248 However, ncurses ABI 4 and 5 simply OR this value within
249 the alternate functions. You must use ncurses ABI 6 to
250 support more than 256 color pairs.
253 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
254 These functions are supported in the XSI Curses standard,
255 Issue 4. The standard defined the dedicated type for
256 highlights, <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>, which is not defined in SVr4 curses.
257 The functions taking <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> arguments are not supported
260 The XSI Curses standard states that whether the tradition-
261 al functions <STRONG>attron</STRONG>/<STRONG>attroff</STRONG>/<STRONG>attrset</STRONG> can manipulate at-
262 tributes other than <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>,
263 <STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG>, or <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> is "unspecified". Under this
264 implementation as well as SVr4 curses, these functions
265 correctly manipulate all other highlights (specifically,
266 <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG>, and <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG>).
268 This implementation provides the <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> attribute for
269 terminals which have the <EM>enter</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>italics</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>mode</EM> (sitm) and <EM>ex-</EM>
270 <EM>it</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>italics</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>mode</EM> (ritm) capabilities. Italics are not men-
271 tioned in X/Open Curses. Unlike the other video at-
272 tributes, <STRONG>I_ITALIC</STRONG> is unrelated to the <EM>set</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>attributes</EM> ca-
273 pabilities. This implementation makes the assumption that
274 <EM>exit</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>attribute</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>mode</EM> may also reset italics.
276 XSI Curses added the new entry points, <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>,
277 <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wat-</STRONG>
278 <STRONG>tr_set</STRONG>. These are intended to work with a new series of
279 highlight macros prefixed with <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>. The older macros have
280 direct counterparts in the newer set of names:
282 <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
283 ------------------------------------------------------------
284 <STRONG>WA_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
285 <STRONG>WA_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
286 <STRONG>WA_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
287 <STRONG>WA_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
288 <STRONG>WA_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
289 <STRONG>WA_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
290 <STRONG>WA_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
291 <STRONG>WA_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
293 Very old versions of this library did not force an update
294 of the screen when changing the attributes. Use <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG>
295 to force the screen to match the updated attributes.
297 The XSI curses standard specifies that each pair of corre-
298 sponding <STRONG>A_</STRONG> and <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>-using functions operates on the same
299 current-highlight information.
301 The XSI standard extended conformance level adds new high-
302 lights <STRONG>A_HORIZONTAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LEFT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_RIGHT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_TOP</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_VER-</STRONG>
303 <STRONG>TICAL</STRONG> (and corresponding <STRONG>WA_</STRONG> macros for each). As of Au-
304 gust 2013, no known terminal provides these highlights
305 (i.e., via the <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG> capability).
308 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
309 All routines return the integer <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success, or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on
312 X/Open does not define any error conditions.
316 <STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the window pointer is null.
318 <STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the color pair parameter for <STRONG>wcol-</STRONG>
319 <STRONG>or_set</STRONG> is outside the range 0..COLOR_PAIRS-1.
321 Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor move-
322 ment using <STRONG>wmove</STRONG>, and return an error if the position is
323 outside the window, or if the window pointer is null.
326 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
327 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
328 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
332 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
336 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
337 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
338 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
340 <li><a href="#h3-Window-attributes">Window attributes</a></li>
341 <li><a href="#h3-Legacy-window-attributes">Legacy window attributes</a></li>
342 <li><a href="#h3-Change-character-rendition">Change character rendition</a></li>
343 <li><a href="#h3-Change-window-color">Change window color</a></li>
344 <li><a href="#h3-Standout">Standout</a></li>
347 <li><a href="#h2-VIDEO-ATTRIBUTES">VIDEO ATTRIBUTES</a></li>
348 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
349 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
350 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
351 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>