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- * @Id: curs_window.3x,v 1.23 2021/06/17 21:11:08 tom Exp @
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-<H1 class="no-header">curs_window 3X</H1>
+<H1 class="no-header">curs_window 3x 2023-12-16 ncurses 6.4 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
-<B><A HREF="curs_window.3X.html">curs_window(3X)</A></B> <B><A HREF="curs_window.3X.html">curs_window(3X)</A></B>
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
- <B>newwin</B>, <B>delwin</B>, <B>mvwin</B>, <B>subwin</B>, <B>derwin</B>, <B>mvderwin</B>, <B>dupwin</B>, <B>wsyncup</B>,
- <B>syncok</B>, <B>wcursyncup</B>, <B>wsyncdown</B> - create <B>curses</B> windows
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> - create and manipulate <EM>curses</EM> windows
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
-
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*newwin(</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>nlines</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>ncols</I><B>,</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>y</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>x</I><B>);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>delwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>y</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>x</I><B>);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*subwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>orig</I><B>,</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>nlines</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>ncols</I><B>,</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>y</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>x</I><B>);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*derwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>orig</I><B>,</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>nlines</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>ncols</I><B>,</B>
- <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>y</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>begin</I><B>_</B><I>x</I><B>);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvderwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>par</I><B>_</B><I>y</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>par</I><B>_</B><I>x</I><B>);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*dupwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wsyncup(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>syncok(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>,</B> <B>bool</B> <I>bf</I><B>);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wcursyncup(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wsyncdown(WINDOW</B> <B>*</B><I>win</I><B>);</B>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newwin(</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*derwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvderwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*dupwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>syncok(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wcursyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncdown(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-newwin">newwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>newwin</B> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
+ Calling <STRONG>newwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
given number of lines and columns. The upper left-hand corner of the
window is at
- line <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I>,
- column <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>
+ line <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>,
+ column <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>
- If either <I>nlines</I> or <I>ncols</I> is zero, they default to
- <B>LINES</B> <B>-</B> <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I> and
- <B>COLS</B> <B>-</B> <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>.
+ If either <EM>nlines</EM> or <EM>ncols</EM> is zero, they default to
+ <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
+ <STRONG>COLS</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>.
- A new full-screen window is created by calling <B>newwin(0,0,0,0)</B>.
+ A new full-screen window is created by calling <STRONG>newwin(0,0,0,0)</STRONG>.
Regardless of the function used for creating a new window (e.g.,
- <B>newwin</B>, <B>subwin</B>, <B>derwin</B>, <B>newpad</B>), rather than a duplicate (with <B>dupwin</B>),
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>), rather than a duplicate (with <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>),
all of the window modes are initialized to the default values. These
functions set window modes after a window is created:
- idcok, idlok, immedok, keypad, leaveok, nodelay, scrollok,
- setscrreg, syncok, wbkgdset, wbkgrndset, and wtimeout
+ <STRONG>idcok</STRONG> <STRONG>idlok</STRONG> <STRONG>immedok</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> <STRONG>leaveok</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgdset</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgrndset</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-delwin">delwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>delwin</B> deletes the named window, freeing all memory associated
- with it (it does not actually erase the window's screen image). Sub-
- windows must be deleted before the main window can be deleted.
+ Calling <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> deletes the named window, freeing all memory associated
+ with it (it does not actually erase the window's screen image).
+ Subwindows must be deleted before the main window can be deleted.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>mvwin</B> moves the window so that the upper left-hand corner is at
- position (<I>x</I>, <I>y</I>). If the move would cause the window to be off the
+ Calling <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG> moves the window so that the upper left-hand corner is at
+ position (<EM>x</EM>, <EM>y</EM>). If the move would cause the window to be off the
screen, it is an error and the window is not moved. Moving subwindows
is allowed, but should be avoided.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-subwin">subwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>subwin</B> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
- given number of lines, <I>nlines</I>, and columns, <I>ncols</I>. The window is at
- position (<I>begin</I>_<I>y</I>, <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>) on the screen. The subwindow shares memory
- with the window <I>orig</I>, so that changes made to one window will affect
- both windows. When using this routine, it is necessary to call <B>touch-</B>
- <B>win</B> or <B>touchline</B> on <I>orig</I> before calling <B>wrefresh</B> on the subwindow.
+ Calling <STRONG>subwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
+ given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>, and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>. The window is at
+ position (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>, <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>) on the screen. The subwindow shares memory
+ with the window <EM>orig</EM>, its <EM>ancestor</EM>, so that changes made to one window
+ will affect both windows. When using this routine, it is necessary to
+ call <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> before calling <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> on the
+ subwindow.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-derwin">derwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>derwin</B> is the same as calling <B>subwin,</B> except that <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I> and
- <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I> are relative to the origin of the window <I>orig</I> rather than the
- screen. There is no difference between the subwindows and the derived
+ Calling <STRONG>derwin</STRONG> is the same as calling <STRONG>subwin,</STRONG> except that <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
+ <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM> are relative to the origin of the window <EM>orig</EM> rather than the
+ screen. There is no difference between the subwindows and the derived
windows.
- Calling <B>mvderwin</B> moves a derived window (or subwindow) inside its par-
- ent window. The screen-relative parameters of the window are not
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG> moves a derived window (or subwindow) inside its
+ parent window. The screen-relative parameters of the window are not
changed. This routine is used to display different parts of the parent
window at the same physical position on the screen.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>dupwin</B> creates an exact duplicate of the window <I>win</I>.
+ Calling <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG> creates an exact duplicate of the window <EM>win</EM>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></H3><PRE>
- Calling <B>wsyncup</B> touches all locations in ancestors of <I>win</I> that are
- changed in <I>win</I>. If <B>syncok</B> is called with second argument <B>TRUE</B> then
- <B>wsyncup</B> is called automatically whenever there is a change in the win-
- dow.
+ Calling <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> touches all locations in ancestors of <EM>win</EM> that are
+ changed in <EM>win</EM>. If <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> is called with second argument <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> then
+ <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> is called automatically whenever there is a change in the
+ window.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></H3><PRE>
- The <B>wsyncdown</B> routine touches each location in <I>win</I> that has been
- touched in any of its ancestor windows. This routine is called by <B>wre-</B>
- <B>fresh</B>, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually.
+ The <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> routine touches each location in <EM>win</EM> that has been
+ touched in any of its ancestor windows. This routine is called by
+ <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wcursyncup">wcursyncup</a></H3><PRE>
- The routine <B>wcursyncup</B> updates the current cursor position of all the
- ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the
+ The routine <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG> updates the current cursor position of all the
+ ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the
window.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
- Routines that return an integer return the integer <B>ERR</B> upon failure and
- <B>OK</B> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than <B>ERR</B>") upon suc-
- cessful completion.
+ Routines that return an integer return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and
+ <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon
+ successful completion.
- Routines that return pointers return <B>NULL</B> on error.
+ Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation
- <B>delwin</B>
- returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
+ <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
is the parent of another window.
- <B>derwin</B>
- returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
- of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
+ <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
+ of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
window does not fit inside the parent window.
- <B>dupwin</B>
+ <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>
returns an error if the window pointer is null.
- This implementation also maintains a list of windows, and checks
- that the pointer passed to <B>delwin</B> is one that it created, return-
- ing an error if it was not..
+ This implementation also maintains a list of windows, and checks
+ that the pointer passed to <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is one that it created,
+ returning an error if it was not..
- <B>mvderwin</B>
+ <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>
returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if some part of
the window would be placed off-screen.
- <B>mvwin</B>
- returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
- is really a pad, or if some part of the window would be placed
+ <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
+ is really a pad, or if some part of the window would be placed
off-screen.
- <B>newwin</B>
- will fail if either of its beginning ordinates is negative, or if
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>
+ will fail if either of its beginning ordinates is negative, or if
either the number of lines or columns is negative.
- <B>syncok</B>
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>
returns an error if the window pointer is null.
- <B>subwin</B>
- returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
- of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
+ <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
+ of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
window does not fit inside the parent window.
- The functions which return a window pointer may also fail if there is
- insufficient memory for its data structures. Any of these functions
- will fail if the screen has not been initialized, i.e., with <B>initscr</B> or
- <B>newterm</B>.
+ The functions which return a window pointer may also fail if there is
+ insufficient memory for its data structures. Any of these functions
+ will fail if the screen has not been initialized, i.e., with <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
+ <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
- If many small changes are made to the window, the <B>wsyncup</B> option could
+ If many small changes are made to the window, the <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> option could
degrade performance.
- Note that <B>syncok</B> may be a macro.
+ Note that <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> may be a macro.
-</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
- The subwindow functions (<B>subwin</B>, <B>derwin</B>, <B>mvderwin</B>, <B>wsyncup</B>, <B>wsyncdown</B>,
- <B>wcursyncup</B>, <B>syncok</B>) are flaky, incompletely implemented, and not well
- tested.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions.
- The System V curses documentation is very unclear about what <B>wsyncup</B>
- and <B>wsyncdown</B> actually do. It seems to imply that they are only sup-
- posed to touch exactly those lines that are affected by ancestor
- changes. The language here, and the behavior of the <B>curses</B> implementa-
- tion, is patterned on the XPG4 curses standard. The weaker XPG4 spec
- may result in slower updates.
+ X/Open Curses states regarding <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>:
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> It must delete subwindows before deleting their parent.
-</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is asked to delete a parent window, it can only succeed
+ if the curses library keeps a list of the subwindows. SVr4 curses
+ kept a count of the number of subwindows rather than a list. It
+ simply returned <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> when asked to delete a subwindow. Solaris
+ X/Open curses does not even make that check, and will delete a
+ parent window which still has subwindows.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Since release 4.0 (1996), <EM>ncurses</EM> maintains a list of windows for
+ each screen, to ensure that a window has no subwindows before
+ allowing deletion.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD copied this feature of <EM>ncurses</EM> in 2003.
+ PDCurses follows the scheme used in Solaris X/Open curses.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
+ The subwindow functions <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, and <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> are flaky, incompletely implemented, and not
+ well tested.
+
+ System V's <EM>curses</EM> documentation is unclear about what <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> and
+ <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> actually do. It seems to imply that they are supposed to
+ touch only those lines that are affected by changes to a window's
+ ancestors. The language here, and behavior of <EM>ncurses</EM>, is patterned on
+ the X/Open Curses standard; this approach may result in slower updates.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="curses.3X.html">curses(3X)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_refresh.3X.html">curs_refresh(3X)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_touch.3X.html">curs_touch(3X)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_variables.3X.html">curs_variables(3X)</A></B>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
- <B><A HREF="curs_window.3X.html">curs_window(3X)</A></B>
+ncurses 6.4 2023-12-16 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-subwin">subwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-derwin">derwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></li>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>