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30 * @Id: ncurses.3x,v 1.129 2017/02/18 16:50:46 tom Exp @
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42 <H1 class="no-header">ncurses 3x</H1>
44 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
49 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
50 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> - CRT screen handling and optimization package
53 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
54 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
57 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
58 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library routines give the user a terminal-
59 independent method of updating character screens with rea-
60 sonable optimization. This implementation is "new curses"
61 (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for 4.4BSD clas-
62 sic curses, which has been discontinued. This describes
63 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20170304).
65 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library emulates the curses library of System
66 V Release 4 UNIX, and XPG4 (X/Open Portability Guide)
67 curses (also known as XSI curses). XSI stands for X/Open
68 System Interfaces Extension. The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library is
69 freely redistributable in source form. Differences from
70 the SVr4 curses are summarized under the <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG> and
71 <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> sections below and described in detail in the
72 respective <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG>, <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> and <STRONG>BUGS</STRONG> sections of
75 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library also provides many useful extensions,
76 i.e., features which cannot be implemented by a simple
77 add-on library but which require access to the internals
80 A program using these routines must be linked with the
81 <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG> option, or (if it has been generated) with the
82 debugging library <STRONG>-lncurses_g</STRONG>. (Your system integrator
83 may also have installed these libraries under the names
84 <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> and <STRONG>-lcurses_g</STRONG>.) The ncurses_g library generates
85 trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current direc-
86 tory) that describe curses actions. See also the section
87 on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CONFIGURATIONS</STRONG>.
89 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> package supports: overall screen, window and
90 pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading ter-
91 minal input; control over terminal and <STRONG>curses</STRONG> input and
92 output options; environment query routines; color manipu-
93 lation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities; and
94 access to low-level terminal-manipulation routines.
97 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
98 The library uses the locale which the calling program has
99 initialized. That is normally done with <STRONG>setlocale</STRONG>:
101 <STRONG>setlocale(LC_ALL,</STRONG> <STRONG>"");</STRONG>
102 If the locale is not initialized, the library assumes that
103 characters are printable as in ISO-8859-1, to work with cer-
104 tain legacy programs. You should initialize the locale and
105 not rely on specific details of the library when the locale
108 The function <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> must be called to initial-
109 ize the library before any of the other routines that deal
110 with windows and screens are used. The routine <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">endwin(3x)</A></STRONG>
111 must be called before exiting.
113 To get character-at-a-time input without echoing (most
114 interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the fol-
115 lowing sequence should be used:
117 <STRONG>initscr();</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak();</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho();</STRONG>
118 Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
120 <STRONG>nonl();</STRONG>
121 <STRONG>intrflush(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>FALSE);</STRONG>
122 <STRONG>keypad(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>TRUE);</STRONG>
123 Before a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> program is run, the tab stops of the terminal
124 should be set and its initialization strings, if defined, must
125 be output. This can be done by executing the <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG> com-
126 mand after the shell environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> has been
127 exported. <STRONG>tset(1)</STRONG> is usually responsible for doing this.
128 [See <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> for further details.]
131 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></H3><PRE>
132 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library permits manipulation of data struc-
133 tures, called <EM>windows</EM>, which can be thought of as two-
134 dimensional arrays of characters representing all or part
135 of a CRT screen. A default window called <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, which is
136 the size of the terminal screen, is supplied. Others may
137 be created with <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>.
139 Note that <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does not handle overlapping windows,
140 that's done by the <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG> library. This means that you
141 can either use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or divide the screen into tiled win-
142 dows and not using <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> at all. Mixing the two will
143 result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects.
145 Windows are referred to by variables declared as <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG>.
146 These data structures are manipulated with routines
147 described here and elsewhere in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> manual pages.
148 Among those, the most basic routines are <STRONG>move</STRONG> and <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.
149 More general versions of these routines are included with
150 names beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG>, allowing the user to specify a
151 window. The routines not beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG> affect <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
153 After using routines to manipulate a window, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
154 is called, telling <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to make the user's CRT screen
155 look like <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>. The characters in a window are actually
156 of type <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, (character and attribute data) so that
157 other information about the character may also be stored
160 Special windows called <EM>pads</EM> may also be manipulated.
161 These are windows which are not constrained to the size of
162 the screen and whose contents need not be completely dis-
163 played. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.
165 In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video
166 attributes and colors may be supported, causing the char-
167 acters to show up in such modes as underlined, in reverse
168 video, or in color on terminals that support such display
169 enhancements. Line drawing characters may be specified to
170 be output. On input, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is also able to translate
171 arrow and function keys that transmit escape sequences
172 into single values. The video attributes, line drawing
173 characters, and input values use names, defined in
174 <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, such as <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG>, and <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.
177 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></H3><PRE>
178 If the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> are set, or
179 if the program is executing in a window environment, line
180 and column information in the environment will override
181 information read by <EM>terminfo</EM>. This would affect a program
182 running in an AT&T 630 layer, for example, where the size
183 of a screen is changeable (see <STRONG>ENVIRONMENT</STRONG>).
185 If the environment variable <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is defined, any pro-
186 gram using <STRONG>curses</STRONG> checks for a local terminal definition
187 before checking in the standard place. For example, if
188 <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is set to <STRONG>att4424</STRONG>, then the compiled terminal defini-
191 <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.
192 (The <STRONG>a</STRONG> is copied from the first letter of <STRONG>att4424</STRONG> to avoid
193 creation of huge directories.) However, if <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is set
194 to <STRONG>$HOME/myterms</STRONG>, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> first checks
196 <STRONG>$HOME/myterms/a/att4424</STRONG>,
197 and if that fails, it then checks
199 <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.
200 This is useful for developing experimental definitions or when
201 write permission in <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG> is not available.
203 The integer variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLS</STRONG> are defined in
204 <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> and will be filled in by <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> with the size
205 of the screen. The constants <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> and <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> have the val-
206 ues <STRONG>1</STRONG> and <STRONG>0</STRONG>, respectively.
208 The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines also define the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> variable
209 <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> which is used for certain low-level operations like
210 clearing and redrawing a screen containing garbage. The
211 <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> can be used in only a few routines.
214 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></H3><PRE>
215 Many <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines have two or more versions. The rou-
216 tines prefixed with <STRONG>w</STRONG> require a window argument. The rou-
217 tines prefixed with <STRONG>p</STRONG> require a pad argument. Those with-
218 out a prefix generally use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
220 The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mv</STRONG> require a <EM>y</EM> and <EM>x</EM> coordinate
221 to move to before performing the appropriate action. The
222 <STRONG>mv</STRONG> routines imply a call to <STRONG>move</STRONG> before the call to the
223 other routine. The coordinate <EM>y</EM> always refers to the row
224 (of the window), and <EM>x</EM> always refers to the column. The
225 upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
227 The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mvw</STRONG> take both a window argument
228 and <EM>x</EM> and <EM>y</EM> coordinates. The window argument is always
229 specified before the coordinates.
231 In each case, <EM>win</EM> is the window affected, and <EM>pad</EM> is the
232 pad affected; <EM>win</EM> and <EM>pad</EM> are always pointers to type <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
233 <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>.
235 Option setting routines require a Boolean flag <EM>bf</EM> with the
236 value <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> or <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>; <EM>bf</EM> is always of type <STRONG>bool</STRONG>. Most of
237 the data types used in the library routines, such as <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
238 <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG>, <STRONG>bool</STRONG>, and <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> are defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>.
239 Types used for the terminfo routines such as <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> are
240 defined in <STRONG><term.h></STRONG>.
242 This manual page describes functions which may appear in
243 any configuration of the library. There are two common
244 configurations of the library:
247 the "normal" library, which handles 8-bit charac-
248 ters. The normal (8-bit) library stores charac-
249 ters combined with attributes in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> data.
251 Attributes alone (no corresponding character) may
252 be stored in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> or the equivalent <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> data.
253 In either case, the data is stored in something
256 Each cell (row and column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is stored
257 as a <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>.
260 the so-called "wide" library, which handles multi-
261 byte characters (see the section on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CON-</STRONG>
262 <STRONG>FIGURATIONS</STRONG>). The "wide" library includes all of
263 the calls from the "normal" library. It adds
264 about one third more calls using data types which
265 store multibyte characters:
267 <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>
268 corresponds to <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>. However it is a
269 structure, because more data is stored than
270 can fit into an integer. The characters are
271 large enough to require a full integer value
272 - and there may be more than one character
273 per cell. The video attributes and color are
274 stored in separate fields of the structure.
276 Each cell (row and column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is
277 stored as a <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>.
279 <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG>
280 stores a "wide" character. Like <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, this
283 <STRONG>wint_t</STRONG>
284 stores a <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> or <STRONG>WEOF</STRONG> - not the same,
285 though both may have the same size.
287 The "wide" library provides new functions which
288 are analogous to functions in the "normal"
289 library. There is a naming convention which
290 relates many of the normal/wide variants: a "_w"
291 is inserted into the name. For example, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
292 becomes <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>.
295 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></H3><PRE>
296 The following table lists each <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routine and the name
297 of the manual page on which it is described. Routines
298 flagged with "*" are ncurses-specific, not described by
299 XPG4 or present in SVr4.
301 <STRONG>curses</STRONG> Routine Name Manual Page Name
302 --------------------------------------------
303 COLOR_PAIR <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
304 PAIR_NUMBER <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
305 _nc_free_and_exit <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
306 _nc_freeall <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
307 _nc_tracebits <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
308 _traceattr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
309 _traceattr2 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
310 _tracechar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
311 _tracechtype <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
312 _tracechtype2 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
313 _tracedump <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
314 _tracef <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
316 _tracemouse <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
317 add_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
318 add_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
319 add_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
320 addch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
321 addchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
322 addchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
323 addnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
324 addnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
325 addstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
326 addwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
327 assume_default_colors <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
328 attr_get <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
329 attr_off <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
330 attr_on <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
331 attr_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
332 attroff <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
333 attron <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
334 attrset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
335 baudrate <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
336 beep <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
337 bkgd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
338 bkgdset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
339 bkgrnd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
340 bkgrndset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
341 border <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
342 border_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
343 box <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
344 box_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
345 can_change_color <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
346 cbreak <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
347 chgat <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
348 clear <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
349 clearok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
350 clrtobot <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
351 clrtoeol <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
352 color_content <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
353 color_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
354 copywin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
355 curs_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
356 curses_version <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
357 def_prog_mode <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
358 def_shell_mode <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
359 define_key <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>*
360 del_curterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
361 delay_output <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
362 delch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
363 deleteln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
364 delscreen <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
365 delwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
366 derwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
367 doupdate <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
368 dupwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
369 echo <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
370 echo_wchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
371 echochar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
372 endwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
373 erase <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
374 erasechar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
375 erasewchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
376 filter <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
377 flash <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
378 flushinp <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
379 get_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
380 get_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
382 getattrs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
383 getbegx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
384 getbegy <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
385 getbegyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
386 getbkgd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
387 getbkgrnd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
388 getcchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
389 getch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
390 getcurx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
391 getcury <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
392 getmaxx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
393 getmaxy <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
394 getmaxyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
395 getmouse <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
396 getn_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
397 getnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
398 getparx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
399 getpary <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
400 getparyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
401 getstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
402 getsyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
403 getwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
404 getyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
405 halfdelay <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
406 has_colors <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
407 has_ic <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
408 has_il <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
409 has_key <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>*
410 hline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
411 hline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
412 idcok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
413 idlok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
414 immedok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
415 in_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
416 in_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
417 in_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
418 inch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
419 inchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
420 inchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
421 init_color <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
422 init_pair <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
423 initscr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
424 innstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
425 innwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
426 ins_nwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
427 ins_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
428 ins_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
429 insch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
430 insdelln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
431 insertln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
432 insnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
433 insstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
434 instr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
435 intrflush <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
436 inwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
437 is_cleared <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
438 is_idcok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
439 is_idlok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
440 is_immedok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
441 is_keypad <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
442 is_leaveok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
443 is_linetouched <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
444 is_nodelay <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
445 is_notimeout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
446 is_pad <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
448 is_scrollok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
449 is_subwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
450 is_syncok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
451 is_term_resized <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
452 is_wintouched <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
453 isendwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
454 key_defined <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>*
455 key_name <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
456 keybound <STRONG><A HREF="keybound.3x.html">keybound(3x)</A></STRONG>*
457 keyname <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
458 keyok <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG>*
459 keypad <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
460 killchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
461 killwchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
462 leaveok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
463 longname <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
464 mcprint <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG>*
465 meta <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
466 mouse_trafo <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
467 mouseinterval <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
468 mousemask <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
469 move <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
470 mvadd_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
471 mvadd_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
472 mvadd_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
473 mvaddch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
474 mvaddchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
475 mvaddchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
476 mvaddnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
477 mvaddnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
478 mvaddstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
479 mvaddwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
480 mvchgat <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
481 mvcur <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
482 mvdelch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
483 mvderwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
484 mvget_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
485 mvget_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
486 mvgetch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
487 mvgetn_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
488 mvgetnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
489 mvgetstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
490 mvhline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
491 mvhline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
492 mvin_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
493 mvin_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
494 mvin_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
495 mvinch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
496 mvinchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
497 mvinchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
498 mvinnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
499 mvinnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
500 mvins_nwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
501 mvins_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
502 mvins_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
503 mvinsch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
504 mvinsnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
505 mvinsstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
506 mvinstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
507 mvinwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
508 mvprintw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
509 mvscanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
510 mvvline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
511 mvvline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
512 mvwadd_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
514 mvwadd_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
515 mvwadd_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
516 mvwaddch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
517 mvwaddchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
518 mvwaddchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
519 mvwaddnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
520 mvwaddnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
521 mvwaddstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
522 mvwaddwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
523 mvwchgat <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
524 mvwdelch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
525 mvwget_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
526 mvwget_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
527 mvwgetch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
528 mvwgetn_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
529 mvwgetnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
530 mvwgetstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
531 mvwhline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
532 mvwhline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
533 mvwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
534 mvwin_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
535 mvwin_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
536 mvwin_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
537 mvwinch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
538 mvwinchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
539 mvwinchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
540 mvwinnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
541 mvwinnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
542 mvwins_nwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
543 mvwins_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
544 mvwins_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
545 mvwinsch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
546 mvwinsnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
547 mvwinsstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
548 mvwinstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
549 mvwinwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
550 mvwprintw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
551 mvwscanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
552 mvwvline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
553 mvwvline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
554 napms <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
555 newpad <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
556 newterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
557 newwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
558 nl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
559 nocbreak <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
560 nodelay <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
561 noecho <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
562 nofilter <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>*
563 nonl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
564 noqiflush <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
565 noraw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
566 notimeout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
567 overlay <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
568 overwrite <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
569 pair_content <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
570 pechochar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
571 pnoutrefresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
572 prefresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
573 printw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
574 putp <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
575 putwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
576 qiflush <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
577 raw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
578 redrawwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
580 refresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
581 reset_prog_mode <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
582 reset_shell_mode <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
583 resetty <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
584 resize_term <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
585 resizeterm <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
586 restartterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
587 ripoffline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
588 savetty <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
589 scanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
590 scr_dump <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
591 scr_init <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
592 scr_restore <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
593 scr_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
594 scrl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
595 scroll <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
596 scrollok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
597 set_curterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
598 set_term <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
599 setcchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
600 setscrreg <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
601 setsyx <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
602 setterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
603 setupterm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
604 slk_attr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>*
605 slk_attr_off <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
606 slk_attr_on <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
607 slk_attr_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
608 slk_attroff <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
609 slk_attron <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
610 slk_attrset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
611 slk_clear <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
612 slk_color <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
613 slk_init <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
614 slk_label <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
615 slk_noutrefresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
616 slk_refresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
617 slk_restore <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
618 slk_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
619 slk_touch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
620 standend <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
621 standout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
622 start_color <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
623 subpad <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
624 subwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
625 syncok <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
626 term_attrs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
627 termattrs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
628 termname <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
629 tgetent <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
630 tgetflag <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
631 tgetnum <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
632 tgetstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
633 tgoto <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
634 tigetflag <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
635 tigetnum <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
636 tigetstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
637 tiparm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>*
638 timeout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
639 touchline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
640 touchwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
641 tparm <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
642 tputs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
643 tputs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
644 trace <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
646 typeahead <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
647 unctrl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
648 unget_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
649 ungetch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
650 ungetmouse <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
651 untouchwin <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
652 use_default_colors <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
653 use_env <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
654 use_extended_names <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
655 use_legacy_coding <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>*
656 use_tioctl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
657 vid_attr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
658 vid_puts <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
659 vidattr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
660 vidputs <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
661 vline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
662 vline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
663 vw_printw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
664 vw_scanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
665 vwprintw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
666 vwscanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
667 wadd_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
668 wadd_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
669 wadd_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
670 waddch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
671 waddchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
672 waddchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
673 waddnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
674 waddnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
675 waddstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
676 waddwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
677 wattr_get <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
678 wattr_off <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
679 wattr_on <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
680 wattr_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
681 wattroff <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
682 wattron <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
683 wattrset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
684 wbkgd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
685 wbkgdset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
686 wbkgrnd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
687 wbkgrndset <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
688 wborder <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
689 wborder_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
690 wchgat <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
691 wclear <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
692 wclrtobot <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
693 wclrtoeol <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
694 wcolor_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
695 wcursyncup <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
696 wdelch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
697 wdeleteln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
698 wecho_wchar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
699 wechochar <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
700 wenclose <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
701 werase <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
702 wget_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
703 wget_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
704 wgetbkgrnd <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
705 wgetch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
706 wgetdelay <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
707 wgetn_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
708 wgetnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
709 wgetparent <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
710 wgetscrreg <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
712 wgetstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
713 whline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
714 whline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
715 win_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
716 win_wchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
717 win_wchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
718 winch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
719 winchnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
720 winchstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
721 winnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
722 winnwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
723 wins_nwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
724 wins_wch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
725 wins_wstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
726 winsch <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
727 winsdelln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
728 winsertln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
729 winsnstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
730 winsstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
731 winstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
732 winwstr <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
733 wmouse_trafo <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
734 wmove <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
735 wnoutrefresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
736 wprintw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
737 wredrawln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
738 wrefresh <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
739 wresize <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>*
740 wscanw <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
741 wscrl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
742 wsetscrreg <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
743 wstandend <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
744 wstandout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
745 wsyncdown <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
746 wsyncup <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
747 wtimeout <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
748 wtouchln <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
749 wunctrl <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
750 wvline <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
751 wvline_set <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
754 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
755 Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure
756 and an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon successful com-
757 pletion, unless otherwise noted in the routine descrip-
760 As a general rule, routines check for null pointers passed
761 as parameters, and handle this as an error.
763 All macros return the value of the <STRONG>w</STRONG> version, except
764 <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>, <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>, and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG>. The
765 return values of <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>, <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>,
766 and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG> are undefined (i.e., these should not be used
767 as the right-hand side of assignment statements).
769 Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
772 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
773 The following environment symbols are useful for customiz-
774 ing the runtime behavior of the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library. The most
775 important ones have been already discussed in detail.
778 When set, change occurrences of the command_character
779 (i.e., the <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG> capability) of the loaded terminfo
780 entries to the value of this variable. Very few terminfo
781 entries provide this feature.
783 Because this name is also used in development environments
784 to represent the C compiler's name, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> ignores it if
785 it does not happen to be a single character.
788 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></H3><PRE>
789 The debugging library checks this environment variable
790 when the application has redirected output to a file. The
791 variable's numeric value is used for the baudrate. If no
792 value is found, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 9600. This allows testers to
793 construct repeatable test-cases that take into account
794 costs that depend on baudrate.
797 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></H3><PRE>
798 Specify the width of the screen in characters. Applica-
799 tions running in a windowing environment usually are able
800 to obtain the width of the window in which they are exe-
801 cuting. If neither the <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> value nor the terminal's
802 screen size is available, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses the size which may
803 be specified in the terminfo database (i.e., the <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
806 It is important that your application use a correct size
807 for the screen. This is not always possible because your
808 application may be running on a host which does not honor
809 NAWS (Negotiations About Window Size), or because you are
810 temporarily running as another user. However, setting
811 <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> and/or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> overrides the library's use of the
812 screen size obtained from the operating system.
814 Either <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> symbols may be specified indepen-
815 dently. This is mainly useful to circumvent legacy mis-
816 features of terminal descriptions, e.g., xterm which com-
817 monly specifies a 65 line screen. For best results, <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
818 and <STRONG>cols</STRONG> should not be specified in a terminal description
819 for terminals which are run as emulations.
821 Use the <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> function to disable all use of external
822 environment (but not including system calls) to determine
823 the screen size. Use the <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> function to update
824 <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> to match the screen size obtained from
825 system calls or the terminal database.
828 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></H3><PRE>
829 Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which
830 ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a function
831 key. The default value, 1000 milliseconds, is enough for
832 most uses. However, it is made a variable to accommodate
833 unusual applications.
835 The most common instance where you may wish to change this
836 value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running on a net-
837 work. If the host cannot read characters rapidly enough,
838 it will have the same effect as if the terminal did not
839 send characters rapidly enough. The library will still
842 Note that xterm mouse events are built up from character
843 sequences received from the xterm. If your application
844 makes heavy use of multiple-clicking, you may wish to
845 lengthen this default value because the timeout applies to
846 the composed multi-click event as well as the individual
849 In addition to the environment variable, this implementa-
850 tion provides a global variable with the same name. Por-
851 table applications should not rely upon the presence of
852 ESCDELAY in either form, but setting the environment vari-
853 able rather than the global variable does not create prob-
854 lems when compiling an application.
857 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-HOME">HOME</a></H3><PRE>
858 Tells <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> where your home directory is. That is where
859 it may read and write auxiliary terminal descriptions:
865 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-LINES">LINES</a></H3><PRE>
866 Like COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in charac-
867 ters. See COLUMNS for a detailed description.
870 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123">MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</a></H3><PRE>
871 This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port. It specifies the
872 order of buttons on the mouse. OS/2 numbers a 3-button
873 mouse inconsistently from other platforms:
879 This variable lets you customize the mouse. The variable
880 must be three numeric digits 1-3 in any order, e.g., 123
881 or 321. If it is not specified, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 132.
884 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS">NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</a></H3><PRE>
885 Override the compiled-in assumption that the terminal's
886 default colors are white-on-black (see <STRONG>default_col-</STRONG>
887 <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">ors(3x)</A></STRONG>). You may set the foreground and background color
888 values with this environment variable by proving a 2-ele-
889 ment list: foreground,background. For example, to tell
890 ncurses to not assume anything about the colors, set this
891 to "-1,-1". To make it green-on-black, set it to "2,0".
892 Any positive value from zero to the terminfo <STRONG>max_colors</STRONG>
896 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></H3><PRE>
897 This applies only to the MinGW port of ncurses.
899 The <STRONG>Console2</STRONG> program's handling of the Microsoft Console
900 API call <STRONG>CreateConsoleScreenBuffer</STRONG> is defective. Applica-
901 tions which use this will hang. However, it is possible
902 to simulate the action of this call by mapping coordi-
903 nates, explicitly saving and restoring the original screen
904 contents. Setting the environment variable <STRONG>NCGDB</STRONG> has the
908 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></H3><PRE>
909 This applies only to ncurses configured to use the GPM
912 If present, the environment variable is a list of one or
913 more terminal names against which the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> environment
914 variable is matched. Setting it to an empty value dis-
915 ables the GPM interface; using the built-in support for
918 If the environment variable is absent, ncurses will
919 attempt to open GPM if <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> contains "linux".
922 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></H3><PRE>
923 <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> may use tabs as part of the cursor movement opti-
924 mization. In some cases, your terminal driver may not
925 handle these properly. Set this environment variable to
926 disable the feature. You can also adjust your <STRONG>stty</STRONG> set-
927 tings to avoid the problem. NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE Some
928 terminals use a magic-cookie feature which requires spe-
929 cial handling to make highlighting and other video
930 attributes display properly. You can suppress the high-
931 lighting entirely for these terminals by setting this
932 environment variable.
935 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></H3><PRE>
936 Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo database
937 are written for real "hardware" terminals. Many people
938 use terminal emulators which run in a windowing environ-
939 ment and use curses-based applications. Terminal emula-
940 tors can duplicate all of the important aspects of a hard-
941 ware terminal, but they do not have the same limitations.
942 The chief limitation of a hardware terminal from the
943 standpoint of your application is the management of
944 dataflow, i.e., timing. Unless a hardware terminal is
945 interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which does flow
946 control), it (or your application) must manage dataflow,
947 preventing overruns. The cheapest solution (no hardware
948 cost) is for your program to do this by pausing after
949 operations that the terminal does slowly, such as clearing
952 As a result, many terminal descriptions (including the
953 vt100) have delay times embedded. You may wish to use
954 these descriptions, but not want to pay the performance
957 Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING environment variable to disable
958 all but mandatory padding. Mandatory padding is used as a
959 part of special control sequences such as <EM>flash</EM>.
962 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></H3><PRE>
963 This setting is obsolete. Before changes
965 <STRONG>o</STRONG> started with 5.9 patch 20120825 and
967 <STRONG>o</STRONG> continued though 5.9 patch 20130126
969 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> enabled buffered output during terminal initial-
970 ization. This was done (as in SVr4 curses) for perfor-
971 mance reasons. For testing purposes, both of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> and
972 certain applications, this feature was made optional.
973 Setting the NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable disabled output
974 buffering, leaving the output in the original (usually
977 In the current implementation, ncurses performs its own
978 buffering and does not require this workaround. It does
979 not modify the buffering of the standard output.
981 The reason for the change was to make the behavior for
982 interrupts and other signals more robust. One drawback is
983 that certain nonconventional programs would mix ordinary
984 stdio calls with ncurses calls and (usually) work. This
985 is no longer possible since ncurses is not using the
986 buffered standard output but its own output (to the same
987 file descriptor). As a special case, the low-level calls
988 such as <STRONG>putp</STRONG> still use the standard output. But high-
989 level curses calls do not.
992 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></H3><PRE>
993 During initialization, the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library checks for spe-
994 cial cases where VT100 line-drawing (and the corresponding
995 alternate character set capabilities) described in the
996 terminfo are known to be missing. Specifically, when run-
997 ning in a UTF-8 locale, the Linux console emulator and the
998 GNU screen program ignore these. Ncurses checks the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>
999 environment variable for these. For other special cases,
1000 you should set this environment variable. Doing this
1001 tells ncurses to use Unicode values which correspond to
1002 the VT100 line-drawing glyphs. That works for the special
1003 cases cited, and is likely to work for terminal emulators.
1005 When setting this variable, you should set it to a nonzero
1006 value. Setting it to zero (or to a nonnumber) disables
1007 the special check for "linux" and "screen".
1009 As an alternative to the environment variable, ncurses
1010 checks for an extended terminfo capability <STRONG>U8</STRONG>. This is a
1011 numeric capability which can be compiled using <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>.
1014 # linux console, if patched to provide working
1015 # VT100 shift-in/shift-out, with corresponding font.
1016 linux-vt100|linux console with VT100 line-graphics,
1019 # uxterm with vt100Graphics resource set to false
1020 xterm-utf8|xterm relying on UTF-8 line-graphics,
1023 The name "U8" is chosen to be two characters, to permit it
1024 to be used by applications that use ncurses' termcap
1028 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_TRACE">NCURSES_TRACE</a></H3><PRE>
1029 During initialization, the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> debugging library
1030 checks the NCURSES_TRACE environment variable. If it is
1031 defined, to a numeric value, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls the <STRONG>trace</STRONG> func-
1032 tion, using that value as the argument.
1034 The argument values, which are defined in <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>, pro-
1035 vide several types of information. When running with
1036 traces enabled, your application will write the file <STRONG>trace</STRONG>
1037 to the current directory.
1039 See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.
1042 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERM">TERM</a></H3><PRE>
1043 Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is dis-
1044 tinct, though many are similar.
1046 <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is commonly set by terminal emulators to help appli-
1047 cations find a workable terminal description. Some of
1048 those choose a popular approximation, e.g., "ansi",
1049 "vt100", "xterm" rather than an exact fit. Not infre-
1050 quently, your application will have problems with that
1051 approach, e.g., incorrect function-key definitions.
1053 If you set <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> in your environment, it has no effect on
1054 the operation of the terminal emulator. It only affects
1055 the way applications work within the terminal. Likewise,
1056 as a general rule (<STRONG>xterm</STRONG> being a rare exception), terminal
1057 emulators which allow you to specify <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> as a parameter
1058 or configuration value do not change their behavior to
1062 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMCAP">TERMCAP</a></H3><PRE>
1063 If the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library has been configured with <EM>termcap</EM>
1064 support, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> will check for a terminal's description
1065 in termcap form if it is not available in the terminfo
1068 The <STRONG>TERMCAP</STRONG> environment variable contains either a termi-
1069 nal description (with newlines stripped out), or a file
1070 name telling where the information denoted by the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>
1071 environment variable exists. In either case, setting it
1072 directs <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> to ignore the usual place for this infor-
1073 mation, e.g., /etc/termcap.
1076 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO">TERMINFO</a></H3><PRE>
1077 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> can be configured to read from multiple terminal
1078 databases. The <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> variable overrides the location
1079 for the default terminal database. Terminal descriptions
1080 (in terminal format) are stored in terminal databases:
1082 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Normally these are stored in a directory tree, using
1083 subdirectories named by the first letter of the termi-
1086 This is the scheme used in System V, which legacy Unix
1087 systems use, and the <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> variable is used by
1088 <EM>curses</EM> applications on those systems to override the
1089 default location of the terminal database.
1091 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built to use hashed databases, then each
1092 entry in this list may be the path of a hashed data-
1095 /usr/share/terminfo.db
1099 /usr/share/terminfo/
1101 The hashed database uses less disk-space and is a lit-
1102 tle faster than the directory tree. However, some
1103 applications assume the existence of the directory
1104 tree, reading it directly rather than using the ter-
1105 minfo library calls.
1107 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built with a support for reading termcap
1108 files directly, then an entry in this list may be the
1109 path of a termcap file.
1111 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> variable begins with "hex:" or "b64:",
1112 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses the remainder of that variable as a com-
1113 piled terminal description. You might produce the
1114 base64 format using <STRONG><A HREF="infocmp.1m.html">infocmp(1m)</A></STRONG>:
1116 TERMINFO="$(infocmp -0 -Q2 -q)"
1119 The compiled description is used if it corresponds to
1120 the terminal identified by the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> variable.
1122 Setting <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is the simplest, but not the only way to
1123 set location of the default terminal database. The com-
1124 plete list of database locations in order follows:
1126 <STRONG>o</STRONG> the last terminal database to which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> wrote,
1127 if any, is searched first
1129 <STRONG>o</STRONG> the location specified by the TERMINFO environment
1132 <STRONG>o</STRONG> $HOME/.terminfo
1134 <STRONG>o</STRONG> locations listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS environment
1137 <STRONG>o</STRONG> one or more locations whose names are configured
1138 and compiled into the ncurses library, i.e.,
1140 <STRONG>o</STRONG> /usr/local/ncurses/share/ter-
1141 minfo:/usr/share/terminfo (corresponding to the
1142 TERMINFO_DIRS variable)
1144 <STRONG>o</STRONG> /usr/share/terminfo (corresponding to the TER-
1148 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO_DIRS">TERMINFO_DIRS</a></H3><PRE>
1149 Specifies a list of locations to search for terminal
1150 descriptions. Each location in the list is a terminal
1151 database as described in the section on the <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> vari-
1152 able. The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":") on
1153 Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
1155 There is no corresponding feature in System V terminfo; it
1156 is an extension developed for <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>.
1159 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMPATH">TERMPATH</a></H3><PRE>
1160 If <STRONG>TERMCAP</STRONG> does not hold a file name then <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> checks
1161 the <STRONG>TERMPATH</STRONG> environment variable. This is a list of
1162 filenames separated by spaces or colons (i.e., ":") on
1163 Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
1165 If the <STRONG>TERMPATH</STRONG> environment variable is not set, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
1168 /etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and $HOME/.termcap,
1172 The library may be configured to disregard the following
1173 variables when the current user is the superuser (root),
1174 or if the application uses setuid or setgid permissions:
1176 $TERMINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME.
1179 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></H2><PRE>
1180 Several different configurations are possible, depending
1181 on the configure script options used when building
1182 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. There are a few main options whose effects are
1183 visible to the applications developer using <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>:
1186 The standard include for <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is as noted in <STRONG>SYN-</STRONG>
1187 <STRONG>OPSIS</STRONG>:
1189 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
1191 This option is used to avoid filename conflicts when
1192 <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is not the main implementation of curses of
1193 the computer. If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is installed disabling
1194 overwrite, it puts its headers in a subdirectory,
1197 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><ncurses/curses.h></STRONG>
1199 It also omits a symbolic link which would allow you
1200 to use <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> to build executables.
1203 The configure script renames the library and (if the
1204 <STRONG>--disable-overwrite</STRONG> option is used) puts the header
1205 files in a different subdirectory. All of the
1206 library names have a "w" appended to them, i.e.,
1209 <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG>
1213 <STRONG>-lncursesw</STRONG>
1215 You must also define <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED</STRONG> when com-
1216 piling for the wide-character library to use the
1217 extended (wide-character) functions. The <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>
1218 file which is installed for the wide-character
1219 library is designed to be compatible with the normal
1220 library's header. Only the size of the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> struc-
1221 ture differs, and very few applications require more
1222 than a pointer to <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG>s. If the headers are
1223 installed allowing overwrite, the wide-character
1224 library's headers should be installed last, to allow
1225 applications to be built using either library from
1226 the same set of headers.
1229 The configure script renames the library. All of the
1230 library names have a "t" appended to them (before any
1231 "w" added by <STRONG>--enable-widec</STRONG>).
1233 The global variables such as <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> are replaced by
1234 macros to allow read-only access. At the same time,
1235 setter-functions are provided to set these values.
1236 Some applications (very few) may require changes to
1237 work with this convention.
1246 The shared and normal (static) library names differ
1247 by their suffixes, e.g., <STRONG>libncurses.so</STRONG> and <STRONG>libn-</STRONG>
1248 <STRONG>curses.a</STRONG>. The debug and profiling libraries add a
1249 "_g" and a "_p" to the root names respectively, e.g.,
1250 <STRONG>libncurses_g.a</STRONG> and <STRONG>libncurses_p.a</STRONG>.
1253 The <STRONG>trace</STRONG> function normally resides in the debug
1254 library, but it is sometimes useful to configure this
1255 in the shared library. Configure scripts should
1256 check for the function's existence rather than assum-
1257 ing it is always in the debug library.
1260 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
1262 directory containing initialization files for the
1263 terminal capability database /usr/share/terminfo ter-
1264 minal capability database
1267 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
1268 <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> and related pages whose names begin "curs_"
1269 for detailed routine descriptions.
1270 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
1273 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
1274 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library can be compiled with an option
1275 (<STRONG>-DUSE_GETCAP</STRONG>) that falls back to the old-style /etc/term-
1276 cap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a terminfo
1277 entry corresponding to <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. Use of this feature is not
1278 recommended, as it essentially includes an entire termcap
1279 compiler in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> startup code, at significant cost
1280 in core and startup cycles.
1282 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library includes facilities for capturing
1283 mouse events on certain terminals (including xterm). See
1284 the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
1286 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library includes facilities for responding to
1287 window resizing events, e.g., when running in an xterm.
1288 See the <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG> manual pages for
1289 details. In addition, the library may be configured with
1292 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library extends the fixed set of function key
1293 capabilities of terminals by allowing the application
1294 designer to define additional key sequences at runtime.
1295 See the <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG> man-
1296 ual pages for details.
1298 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library can exploit the capabilities of termi-
1299 nals which implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49 con-
1300 trols, which allow an application to reset the terminal to
1301 its original foreground and background colors. From the
1302 users' perspective, the application is able to draw col-
1303 ored text on a background whose color is set indepen-
1304 dently, providing better control over color contrasts.
1305 See the <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
1307 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library includes a function for directing
1308 application output to a printer attached to the terminal
1309 device. See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
1312 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
1313 The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library is intended to be BASE-level confor-
1314 mant with XSI Curses. The EXTENDED XSI Curses functional-
1315 ity (including color support) is supported.
1317 A small number of local differences (that is, individual
1318 differences between the XSI Curses and <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls) are
1319 described in <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> sections of the library man
1322 Unlike other implementations, this one checks parameters
1323 such as pointers to WINDOW structures to ensure they are
1324 not null. The main reason for providing this behavior is
1325 to guard against programmer error. The standard interface
1326 does not provide a way for the library to tell an applica-
1327 tion which of several possible errors were detected.
1328 Relying on this (or some other) extension will adversely
1329 affect the portability of curses applications.
1331 This implementation also contains several extensions:
1333 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The routine <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> is not part of XPG4, nor is it
1334 present in SVr4. See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page
1337 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The routine <STRONG>slk_attr</STRONG> is not part of XPG4, nor is it
1338 present in SVr4. See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
1341 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The routines <STRONG>getmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousemask</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousein-</STRONG>
1342 <STRONG>terval</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wenclose</STRONG> relating to mouse interfacing are
1343 not part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4. See
1344 the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
1346 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The routine <STRONG>mcprint</STRONG> was not present in any previous
1347 curses implementation. See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual
1350 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The routine <STRONG>wresize</STRONG> is not part of XPG4, nor is it
1351 present in SVr4. See the <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
1354 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The WINDOW structure's internal details can be hidden
1355 from application programs. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG> for
1356 the discussion of <STRONG>is_scrollok</STRONG>, etc.
1358 <STRONG>o</STRONG> This implementation can be configured to provide rudi-
1359 mentary support for multi-threaded applications. See
1360 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.
1362 <STRONG>o</STRONG> This implementation can also be configured to provide
1363 a set of functions which improve the ability to manage
1364 multiple screens. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.
1366 In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the capa-
1367 bilities <STRONG>cr</STRONG>, <STRONG>ind</STRONG>, <STRONG>cub1</STRONG>, <STRONG>ff</STRONG> and <STRONG>tab</STRONG> activated corresponding
1368 delay bits in the UNIX tty driver. In this implementa-
1369 tion, all padding is done by sending NUL bytes. This
1370 method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the inter-
1371 face to the UNIX kernel significantly and increases the
1372 package's portability correspondingly.
1375 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
1376 The header file <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> automatically includes the
1377 header files <STRONG><stdio.h></STRONG> and <STRONG><unctrl.h></STRONG>.
1379 If standard output from a <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> program is re-directed
1380 to something which is not a tty, screen updates will be
1381 directed to standard error. This was an undocumented fea-
1382 ture of AT&T System V Release 3 curses.
1385 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
1386 Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.
1387 Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.
1391 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
1395 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
1396 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
1397 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
1399 <li><a href="#h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></li>
1400 <li><a href="#h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></li>
1401 <li><a href="#h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
1402 <li><a href="#h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></li>
1403 <li><a href="#h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></li>
1406 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
1407 <li><a href="#h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a>
1409 <li><a href="#h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></li>
1410 <li><a href="#h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></li>
1411 <li><a href="#h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></li>
1412 <li><a href="#h3-HOME">HOME</a></li>
1413 <li><a href="#h3-LINES">LINES</a></li>
1414 <li><a href="#h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123">MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</a></li>
1415 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS">NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</a></li>
1416 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></li>
1417 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></li>
1418 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></li>
1419 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></li>
1420 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></li>
1421 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></li>
1422 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_TRACE">NCURSES_TRACE</a></li>
1423 <li><a href="#h3-TERM">TERM</a></li>
1424 <li><a href="#h3-TERMCAP">TERMCAP</a></li>
1425 <li><a href="#h3-TERMINFO">TERMINFO</a></li>
1426 <li><a href="#h3-TERMINFO_DIRS">TERMINFO_DIRS</a></li>
1427 <li><a href="#h3-TERMPATH">TERMPATH</a></li>
1430 <li><a href="#h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></li>
1431 <li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
1432 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
1433 <li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
1434 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
1435 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
1436 <li><a href="#h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></li>
projects / ncurses.git / blob