tic 1m

tic(1m)                                                         tic(1m)




NAME

       tic - the terminfo entry-description compiler


SYNOPSIS

       tic  [-01CDGIKLNTUVWacfgqrstx] [-e names] [-o dir] [-Q[n]]
       [-R subset] [-v[n]] [-w[n]] file


DESCRIPTION

       The tic command translates a  terminfo  file  from  source
       format  into compiled format.  The compiled format is nec-
       essary for use with the library routines in ncurses(3x).

       As described in term(5), the  database  may  be  either  a
       directory  tree  (one file per terminal entry) or a hashed
       database (one record per entry).  The tic  command  writes
       only one type of entry, depending on how it was built:

       o   For  directory  trees,  the top-level directory, e.g.,
           /usr/share/terminfo, specifies  the  location  of  the
           database.

       o   For  hashed  databases,  a filename is needed.  If the
           given file is not found by that name, but can be found
           by adding the suffix ".db", then that is used.

           The  default  name for the hashed database is the same
           as the default directory name  (only  adding  a  ".db"
           suffix).

       In  either  case  (directory or hashed database), tic will
       create the container if it does not exist.  For  a  direc-
       tory,  this  would  be the "terminfo" leaf, versus a "ter-
       minfo.db" file.

       The results are normally placed  in  the  system  terminfo
       database   /usr/share/terminfo.    The  compiled  terminal
       description can be placed in a  different  terminfo  data-
       base.  There are two ways to achieve this:

       o   First,  you  may override the system default either by
           using the -o option, or by setting the  variable  TER-
           MINFO  in  your  shell environment to a valid database
           location.

       o   Secondly, if tic cannot write  in  /usr/share/terminfo
           or  the  location  specified using your TERMINFO vari-
           able, it looks for the directory  $HOME/.terminfo  (or
           hashed  database $HOME/.terminfo.db); if that location
           exists, the entry is placed there.

       Libraries that read terminfo entries are expected to check
       in succession

       o   a  location  specified  with  the TERMINFO environment
           variable,

       o   $HOME/.terminfo,

       o   directories listed in  the  TERMINFO_DIRS  environment
           variable,

       o   a       compiled-in      list      of      directories
           (/usr/local/ncurses/share/terminfo:/usr/share/ter-
           minfo), and

       o   the system terminfo database (/usr/share/terminfo).


OPTIONS

       -0     restricts the output to a single line

       -1     restricts the output to a single column

       -a     tells  tic  to  retain  commented-out  capabilities
              rather than discarding them.  Capabilities are com-
              mented  by prefixing them with a period.  This sets
              the -x option, because it treats the  commented-out
              entries  as  user-defined  names.  If the source is
              termcap, accept the 2-character names  required  by
              version 6.  Otherwise these are ignored.

       -C     Force  source translation to termcap format.  Note:
              this differs from the -C option of  infocmp(1m)  in
              that it does not merely translate capability names,
              but also translates  terminfo  strings  to  termcap
              format.  Capabilities that are not translatable are
              left in the entry under their  terminfo  names  but
              commented  out with two preceding dots.  The actual
              format  used  incorporates  some  improvements  for
              escaped  characters  from  terminfo  format.  For a
              stricter BSD-compatible  translation,  add  the  -K
              option.

              If  this  is combined with -c, tic makes additional
              checks to report cases where the terminfo values do
              not  have an exact equivalent in termcap form.  For
              example:

              o   sgr usually will not convert,  because  termcap
                  lacks  the  ability  to work with more than two
                  parameters, and because termcap lacks  many  of
                  the  arithmetic/logical  operators used in ter-
                  minfo.

              o   capabilities with more than one delay  or  with
                  delays  before  the  end of the string will not
                  convert completely.

       -c     tells tic to only check file for errors,  including
              syntax  problems and bad use links.  If you specify
              -C (-I) with this option, the code will print warn-
              ings about entries which, after use resolution, are
              more than 1023 (4096) bytes long.  Due to  a  fixed
              buffer  length  in older termcap libraries, as well
              as buggy checking for the buffer length (and a doc-
              umented limit in terminfo), these entries may cause
              core dumps with other implementations.

              tic checks string capabilities to ensure that those
              with parameters will be valid expressions.  It does
              this check only for the predefined string capabili-
              ties;  those  which  are defined with the -x option
              are ignored.

       -D     tells tic to print the database locations  that  it
              knows about, and exit.  The first location shown is
              the one to which it would write  compiled  terminal
              descriptions.   If  tic  is  not  able  to  find  a
              writable database location according to  the  rules
              summarized  above,  it  will print a diagnostic and
              exit with an error rather than printing a  list  of
              database locations.

       -e names
              Limit  writes  and  translations  to  the following
              comma-separated list of terminals.  If any name  or
              alias of a terminal matches one of the names in the
              list, the entry will be written  or  translated  as
              normal.   Otherwise no output will be generated for
              it.  The option value is interpreted as a file con-
              taining  the  list  if  it  contains a '/'.  (Note:
              depending on how tic was compiled, this option  may
              require -I or -C.)

       -f     Display  complex  terminfo  strings  which  contain
              if/then/else/endif expressions indented  for  read-
              ability.

       -G     Display  constant  literals  in decimal form rather
              than their character equivalents.

       -g     Display constant character literals in quoted  form
              rather than their decimal equivalents.

       -I     Force source translation to terminfo format.

       -K     Suppress  some  longstanding  ncurses extensions to
              termcap format, e.g., "\s" for space.

       -L     Force source translation to terminfo  format  using
              the long C variable names listed in <term.h>

       -N     Disable smart defaults.  Normally, when translating
              from termcap to terminfo, the compiler makes a num-
              ber  of  assumptions  about  the defaults of string
              capabilities reset1_string,  carriage_return,  cur-
              sor_left,  cursor_down,  scroll_forward,  tab, new-
              line, key_backspace, key_left, and  key_down,  then
              attempts  to  use  obsolete termcap capabilities to
              deduce correct values.  It also normally suppresses
              output of obsolete termcap capabilities such as bs.
              This option forces a more literal translation  that
              also preserves the obsolete capabilities.

       -odir  Write  compiled entries to given database location.
              Overrides the TERMINFO environment variable.

       -Qn    Rather than show source in terminfo (text)  format,
              print  the  compiled (binary) format in hexadecimal
              or base64 form, depending on the option's value:

               1  hexadecimal

               2  base64

               3  hexadecimal and base64

       -q     Suppress comments  and  blank  lines  when  showing
              translated source.

       -Rsubset
              Restrict  output to a given subset.  This option is
              for use with  archaic  versions  of  terminfo  like
              those on SVr1, Ultrix, or HP/UX that do not support
              the full set of SVR4/XSI Curses terminfo; and  out-
              right broken ports like AIX 3.x that have their own
              extensions incompatible with  SVr4/XSI.   Available
              subsets  are  "SVr1",  "Ultrix",  "HP",  "BSD"  and
              "AIX"; see terminfo(5) for details.

       -r     Force entry resolution (so there are  no  remaining
              tc  capabilities)  even  when  doing translation to
              termcap format.  This may be needed if you are pre-
              paring  a  termcap file for a termcap library (such
              as GNU termcap through version 1.3 or  BSD  termcap
              through  4.3BSD)  that  does not handle multiple tc
              capabilities per entry.

       -s     Summarize the compile by showing the database loca-
              tion into which entries are written, and the number
              of entries which are compiled.

       -T     eliminates size-restrictions on the generated text.
              This  is  mainly  useful  for testing and analysis,
              since the compiled descriptions are limited  (e.g.,
              1023 for termcap, 4096 for terminfo).

       -t     tells  tic  to  discard commented-out capabilities.
              Normally when translating from terminfo to termcap,
              untranslatable capabilities are commented-out.

       -U   tells  tic to not post-process the data after parsing
            the source file.  Normally, it infers data  which  is
            commonly  missing in older terminfo data, or in term-
            caps.

       -V   reports the version of ncurses which was used in this
            program, and exits.

       -vn  specifies  that  (verbose) output be written to stan-
            dard error trace information showing tic's progress.

            The optional parameter n is a number from  1  to  10,
            inclusive,  indicating the desired level of detail of
            information.  If ncurses  is  built  without  tracing
            support,  the optional parameter is ignored.  If n is
            omitted, the default level is 1.  If n  is  specified
            and greater than 1, the level of detail is increased.

            The debug flag levels are as follows:

            1      Names of files created and linked

            2      Information related to the "use" facility

            3      Statistics from the hashing algorithm

            5      String-table memory allocations

            7      Entries into the string-table

            8      List of tokens encountered by scanner

            9      All  values  computed  in  construction of the
                   hash table

            If the debug level n is not given, it is taken to  be
            one.

       -W   By  itself, the -w option will not force long strings
            to be wrapped.  Use the -W option to do this.

       -wn  specifies the width of the output.  The parameter  is
            optional.  If it is omitted, it defaults to 60.

       -x   Treat unknown capabilities as user-defined.  That is,
            if you supply a capability name which  tic  does  not
            recognize, it will infer its type (boolean, number or
            string) from the syntax and make  an  extended  table
            entry  for  that.   User-defined  capability  strings
            whose name begins with "k" are  treated  as  function
            keys.


PARAMETERS

       file   contains one or more terminfo terminal descriptions
              in source format [see terminfo(5)].  Each  descrip-
              tion  in  the  file describes the capabilities of a
              particular terminal.

              If file is "-", then the  data  is  read  from  the
              standard input.  The file parameter may also be the
              path of a character-device.


PROCESSING

       All but one of the capabilities recognized by tic are doc-
       umented in terminfo(5).  The exception is the use capabil-
       ity.

       When a use=entry-name field is discovered  in  a  terminal
       entry  currently  being  compiled, tic reads in the binary
       from /usr/share/terminfo to complete the entry.   (Entries
       created  from file will be used first.  tic duplicates the
       capabilities in entry-name for the current entry, with the
       exception   of  those  capabilities  that  explicitly  are
       defined in the current entry.

       When   an   entry,   e.g.,   entry_name_1,   contains    a
       use=entry_name_2   field,  any  canceled  capabilities  in
       entry_name_2 must also appear in entry_name_1 before  use=
       for these capabilities to be canceled in entry_name_1.

       Total compiled entries cannot exceed 4096 bytes.  The name
       field cannot exceed 512 bytes.  Terminal  names  exceeding
       the  maximum  alias  length (32 characters on systems with
       long filenames, 14 characters otherwise) will be truncated
       to  the maximum alias length and a warning message will be
       printed.


COMPATIBILITY

       There is some evidence that historic  tic  implementations
       treated  description  fields with no whitespace in them as
       additional aliases or short names.  This tic does  not  do
       that,  but  it  does  warn  when description fields may be
       treated that way and check them for dangerous characters.


EXTENSIONS

       Unlike the SVr4 tic command, this implementation can actu-
       ally  compile  termcap  sources.  In fact, entries in ter-
       minfo and termcap syntax can be mixed in a  single  source
       file.  See terminfo(5) for the list of termcap names taken
       to be equivalent to terminfo names.

       The SVr4 manual pages are  not  clear  on  the  resolution
       rules  for  use  capabilities.  This implementation of tic
       will find use targets anywhere in the source file, or any-
       where  in the file tree rooted at TERMINFO (if TERMINFO is
       defined), or in the user's $HOME/.terminfo database (if it
       exists),  or  (finally) anywhere in the system's file tree
       of compiled entries.

       The error messages from this tic have the same  format  as
       GNU  C  error  messages,  and can be parsed by GNU Emacs's
       compile facility.

       The -0, -1, -C, -G, -I, -N, -R, -T, -V, -a,  -e,  -f,  -g,
       -o,  -r,  -s,  -t  and  -x options are not supported under
       SVr4.  The SVr4 -c mode does not report bad use links.

       System V does not compile entries to or read entries  from
       your  $HOME/.terminfo  database unless TERMINFO is explic-
       itly set to it.


FILES

       /usr/share/terminfo/?/*
            Compiled terminal description database.


SEE ALSO

       infocmp(1m),   captoinfo(1m),   infotocap(1m),    toe(1m),
       curses(3x), term(5).  terminfo(5).

       This describes ncurses version 6.0 (patch 20170218).


AUTHOR

       Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com> and
       Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net>



                                                                tic(1m)