+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>addch(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>waddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvaddch(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwaddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echochar(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Adding-Characters">Adding Characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> puts the character <EM>ch</EM> at the cursor position of window <EM>win</EM>, then
+ advances the cursor position, analogously to the standard C library's
+ <STRONG>putchar(3)</STRONG>. <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> describes the variants of this function.
+
+ If advancement occurs at the right margin,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line;
+ and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> at the bottom of the current scrolling region, and if <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ is enabled for <EM>win</EM>, the scrolling region scrolls up one line.
+
+ If <EM>ch</EM> is a backspace, carriage return, line feed, or tab, the cursor
+ moves appropriately within the window.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Backspace moves the cursor one character left; at the left margin
+ of a window, it does nothing.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Carriage return moves the cursor to the left margin on the current
+ line of the window.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Line feed does a <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">clrtoeol(3x)</A></STRONG>, then moves the cursor to the left
+ margin on the next line of the window, and if <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is
+ enabled for <EM>win</EM>, scrolls the window if the cursor was already on
+ the last line.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop (possibly on the next
+ line); these are placed at every eighth column by default. Alter
+ the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ If <EM>ch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
+ form, using the same convention as <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ Calling <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">winch(3x)</A></STRONG> on the location of a nonprintable character does not
+ return the character itself, but its <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG> representation.
+
+ <EM>ch</EM> may contain rendering and/or color attributes, and others can be
+ combined with the parameter by logically "or"ing with it. (A character
+ with its attributes can be copied from place to place using <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">winch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ and <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>.) See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> for values of predefined video
+ attribute constants that can be usefully "or"ed with characters.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Echoing-Characters">Echoing Characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by
+ (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG>. <EM>curses</EM> interprets these functions as a hint that only a
+ single character is being output; for non-control characters, a
+ considerable performance gain may be enjoyed by employing them.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Forms-Drawing-Characters">Forms-Drawing Characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ <EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> that can be used with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
+ to write line-drawing and other special characters to the screen.
+ <EM>ncurses</EM> terms these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> The ACS default listed
+ below is used if the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) <EM>terminfo</EM> capability does not
+ define a terminal-specific replacement for it, or if the terminal and
+ locale configuration requires Unicode to access these characters but
+ the library is unable to use Unicode. The "acsc char" column
+ corresponds to how the characters are specified in the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> string
+ capability, and the characters in it may appear on the screen if the
+ terminal's database entry incorrectly advertises ACS support. The name
+ "ACS" originates in the Alternate Character Set feature of the DEC
+ VT100 terminal.
+
+ <STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>Symbol</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>ACS_BLOCK</STRONG> # 0 solid square block
+ <STRONG>ACS_BOARD</STRONG> # h board of squares
+ <STRONG>ACS_BTEE</STRONG> + v bottom tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_BULLET</STRONG> o ~ bullet
+ <STRONG>ACS_CKBOARD</STRONG> : a checker board (stipple)
+ <STRONG>ACS_DARROW</STRONG> v . arrow pointing down
+ <STRONG>ACS_DEGREE</STRONG> ' f degree symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_DIAMOND</STRONG> + ` diamond
+ <STRONG>ACS_GEQUAL</STRONG> > > greater-than-or-equal-to
+ <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG> - q horizontal line
+ <STRONG>ACS_LANTERN</STRONG> # i lantern symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_LARROW</STRONG> < , arrow pointing left
+ <STRONG>ACS_LEQUAL</STRONG> < y less-than-or-equal-to
+ <STRONG>ACS_LLCORNER</STRONG> + m lower left-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_LRCORNER</STRONG> + j lower right-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_LTEE</STRONG> + t left tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_NEQUAL</STRONG> ! | not-equal
+ <STRONG>ACS_PI</STRONG> * { greek pi
+ <STRONG>ACS_PLMINUS</STRONG> # g plus/minus
+ <STRONG>ACS_PLUS</STRONG> + n plus
+ <STRONG>ACS_RARROW</STRONG> > + arrow pointing right
+ <STRONG>ACS_RTEE</STRONG> + u right tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_S1</STRONG> - o scan line 1
+ <STRONG>ACS_S3</STRONG> - p scan line 3
+ <STRONG>ACS_S7</STRONG> - r scan line 7
+ <STRONG>ACS_S9</STRONG> _ s scan line 9
+ <STRONG>ACS_STERLING</STRONG> f } pound-sterling symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_TTEE</STRONG> + w top tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_UARROW</STRONG> ^ - arrow pointing up
+ <STRONG>ACS_ULCORNER</STRONG> + l upper left-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_URCORNER</STRONG> + k upper right-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_VLINE</STRONG> | x vertical line
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ These functions return <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success and <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on failure.
+
+ In <EM>ncurses</EM>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if it is not possible to add a complete
+ character at the cursor position, as when conversion of a multibyte
+ character to a byte sequence fails, or at least one of the resulting
+ bytes cannot be added to the window. See section "PORTABILITY" below
+ regarding the use of <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> with multibyte characters.
+
+ <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> can successfully write a character at the bottom right location
+ of the window. However, <EM>ncurses</EM> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is not
+ enabled in that event, because it is not possible to wrap to a new
+ line.
+
+ Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
+ the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> may be implemented as macros.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses, Issue 4 describes these functions. It specifies no
+ error conditions for them.
+
+ SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> describes a successful return value only as "an integer
+ value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>".
+
+ The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
+ locale.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ACS-Symbols">ACS Symbols</a></H3><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses states that the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> definitions are <EM>char</EM> constants.
+
+ Some implementations are problematic.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris <EM>curses</EM>, for example, define the ACS symbols as constants;
+ others define them as elements of an array.
+
+ This implementation uses an array, <STRONG>acs_map</STRONG>, as did SVr4 <EM>curses</EM>.
+ NetBSD also uses an array, actually named <STRONG>_acs_char</STRONG>, with a <STRONG>#define</STRONG>
+ for compatibility.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
+ <STRONG>WACS_</STRONG> symbols as if the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters (see
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>). The misdefined symbols are the arrows and
+ others that are not used for line drawing.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses (Issues 2 through 7) has a typographical error for
+ the <STRONG>ACS_LANTERN</STRONG> symbol, equating its "VT100+ Character" to "I"
+ (capital I), while the header files for SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> and other
+ implementations use "i" (small i).
+
+ None of the terminal descriptions on Unix platforms use uppercase
+ I, except for Solaris (in its <EM>terminfo</EM> entry for <STRONG>screen(1)</STRONG>,
+ apparently based on the X/Open documentation around 1995). On the
+ other hand, its <STRONG>gs6300</STRONG> (AT&T PC6300 with EMOTS Terminal Emulator)
+ description uses lowercase i.
+
+ Some ACS symbols (<STRONG>ACS_S3</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_S7</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_LEQUAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_GEQUAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_PI</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>ACS_NEQUAL</STRONG>, and <STRONG>ACS_STERLING</STRONG>) were not documented in any publicly
+ released System V. However, many publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM> entries
+ include <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> strings in which their key characters <STRONG>(</STRONG>pryz{|}<STRONG>)</STRONG> are
+ embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has
+ come to light. The <EM>ncurses</EM> developers invented ACS-prefixed names for
+ them.
+
+ The <EM>displayed</EM> values of <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> constants depend on