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-<H1>curs_addch 3x</H1>
-<HR>
+<H1 class="no-header">curs_addch 3x 2024-05-11 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
-<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>echochar</STRONG>, <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> -
- add a character (with attributes) to a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> window, then
- advance the cursor
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>echochar</STRONG>, <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> - add a <EM>curses</EM>
+ character to a window and advance the cursor
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>addch(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>waddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvaddch(int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwaddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echochar(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>addch(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>waddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvaddch(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwaddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echochar(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-waddch">waddch</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> writes the <EM>curses</EM> character <EM>ch</EM> to the window <EM>win</EM>, then advances
+ the cursor position, analogously to the standard C library's
+ <STRONG>putchar(3)</STRONG>. <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> describes the variants of this function.
+
+ If advancement occurs at the right margin,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line,
+ then,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> if it was at the bottom of the scrolling region, and if
+ <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is enabled for <EM>win</EM>, the scrolling region scrolls up
+ one line.
+
+ If <EM>ch</EM> is a backspace, carriage return, line feed, or tab, the cursor
+ moves appropriately within the window.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Backspace moves the cursor one character left; at the left margin
+ of a window, it does nothing.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Carriage return moves the cursor to the left margin on the current
+ line of the window.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Line feed does a <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">clrtoeol(3x)</A></STRONG>, then advances as if from the right
+ margin.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop (possibly on the next
+ line); these are placed at every eighth column by default. Alter
+ the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ If <EM>ch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
+ form using the same convention as <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ Calling <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">winch(3x)</A></STRONG> on the location of a nonprintable character does not
+ return the character itself, but its <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG> representation.
+
+ The object or expression <EM>ch</EM> may contain attributes and/or a color pair
+ identifier. (A character with its attributes can be copied from place
+ to place using <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">winch(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>.) See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> for values of
+ predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully "or"ed with
+ characters.
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG> and <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG> routines put the
- character <EM>ch</EM> into the given window at its current window
- position, which is then advanced. They are analogous to
- <STRONG>putchar</STRONG> in <STRONG>stdio(3)</STRONG>. If the advance is at the right mar-
- gin, the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of
- the next line. At the bottom of the current scrolling
- region, if <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> is enabled, the scrolling region is
- scrolled up one line.
-
- If <EM>ch</EM> is a tab, newline, or backspace, the cursor is moved
- appropriately within the window. Backspace moves the cur-
- sor one character left; at the left edge of a window it
- does nothing. Newline does a <STRONG>clrtoeol</STRONG>, then moves the
- cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
- scrolling the window if on the last line. Tabs are con-
- sidered to be at every eighth column. The tab interval
- may be altered by setting the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> variable.
-
- If <EM>ch</EM> is any control character other than tab, newline, or
- backspace, it is drawn in <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation. Calling <STRONG>winch</STRONG>
- after adding a control character does not return the char-
- acter itself, but instead returns the ^-representation of
- the control character.
-
- Video attributes can be combined with a character argument
- passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> or related functions by logical-ORing them
- into the character. (Thus, text, including attributes,
- can be copied from one place to another using <STRONG>inch</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.) See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> page for values of prede-
- fined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
- into characters.
-
- The <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> routines are equivalent to a
- call to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, or a call to
- <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>. The knowledge that
- only a single character is being output is used and, for
- non-control characters, a considerable performance gain
- may be seen by using these routines instead of their
- equivalents.
-
- <STRONG>Line</STRONG> <STRONG>Graphics</STRONG>
- The following variables may be used to add line drawing
- characters to the screen with routines of the <STRONG>addch</STRONG> fam-
- ily. The default character listed below is used if the
- <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capability does not define a terminal-specific
- replacement for it. The names are taken from VT100 nomen-
- clature.
-
- <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Default</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
- --------------------------------------------------
- ACS_BLOCK # solid square block
- ACS_BOARD # board of squares
- ACS_BTEE + bottom tee
- ACS_BULLET o bullet
- ACS_CKBOARD : checker board (stipple)
- ACS_DARROW v arrow pointing down
- ACS_DEGREE ' degree symbol
- ACS_DIAMOND + diamond
- ACS_GEQUAL > greater-than-or-equal-to
- ACS_HLINE - horizontal line
- ACS_LANTERN # lantern symbol
- ACS_LARROW < arrow pointing left
- ACS_LEQUAL < less-than-or-equal-to
- ACS_LLCORNER + lower left-hand corner
- ACS_LRCORNER + lower right-hand corner
- ACS_LTEE + left tee
- ACS_NEQUAL ! not-equal
- ACS_PI * greek pi
- ACS_PLMINUS # plus/minus
- ACS_PLUS + plus
- ACS_RARROW > arrow pointing right
- ACS_RTEE + right tee
- ACS_S1 - scan line 1
- ACS_S3 - scan line 3
- ACS_S7 - scan line 7
- ACS_S9 _ scan line 9
- ACS_STERLING f pound-sterling symbol
- ACS_TTEE + top tee
- ACS_UARROW ^ arrow pointing up
- ACS_ULCORNER + upper left-hand corner
- ACS_URCORNER + upper right-hand corner
- ACS_VLINE | vertical line
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wechochar">wechochar</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by
+ (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG>. <EM>curses</EM> interprets these functions as a hint that only a
+ single character is being output; for non-control characters, a
+ considerable performance gain may be enjoyed by employing them.
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on
- success (the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value
- other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless other-
- wise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Forms-Drawing-Characters">Forms-Drawing Characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ <EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> that can be used with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
+ to write line-drawing and other special characters to the screen.
+ <EM>ncurses</EM> terms these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> The ACS default listed
+ below is used if the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) <EM>terminfo</EM> capability does not
+ define a terminal-specific replacement for it, or if the terminal and
+ locale configuration requires Unicode to access these characters but
+ the library is unable to use Unicode. The "acsc char" column
+ corresponds to how the characters are specified in the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>)
+ string capability, and the characters in it may appear on the screen if
+ the terminal type's database entry incorrectly advertises ACS support.
+ The name "ACS" originates in the Alternate Character Set feature of the
+ DEC VT100 terminal.
- Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor move-
- ment using <STRONG>wmove</STRONG>, and return an error if the position is
- outside the window, or if the window pointer is null.
+ <STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>Symbol</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>ACS_BLOCK</STRONG> # 0 solid square block
+ <STRONG>ACS_BOARD</STRONG> # h board of squares
+ <STRONG>ACS_BTEE</STRONG> + v bottom tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_BULLET</STRONG> o ~ bullet
+ <STRONG>ACS_CKBOARD</STRONG> : a checker board (stipple)
+ <STRONG>ACS_DARROW</STRONG> v . arrow pointing down
+ <STRONG>ACS_DEGREE</STRONG> ' f degree symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_DIAMOND</STRONG> + ` diamond
+ <STRONG>ACS_GEQUAL</STRONG> > > greater-than-or-equal-to
+ <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG> - q horizontal line
+ <STRONG>ACS_LANTERN</STRONG> # i lantern symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_LARROW</STRONG> < , arrow pointing left
+ <STRONG>ACS_LEQUAL</STRONG> < y less-than-or-equal-to
+ <STRONG>ACS_LLCORNER</STRONG> + m lower left-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_LRCORNER</STRONG> + j lower right-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_LTEE</STRONG> + t left tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_NEQUAL</STRONG> ! | not-equal
+ <STRONG>ACS_PI</STRONG> * { greek pi
+ <STRONG>ACS_PLMINUS</STRONG> # g plus/minus
+ <STRONG>ACS_PLUS</STRONG> + n plus
+ <STRONG>ACS_RARROW</STRONG> > + arrow pointing right
+ <STRONG>ACS_RTEE</STRONG> + u right tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_S1</STRONG> - o scan line 1
+ <STRONG>ACS_S3</STRONG> - p scan line 3
+ <STRONG>ACS_S7</STRONG> - r scan line 7
+ <STRONG>ACS_S9</STRONG> _ s scan line 9
+ <STRONG>ACS_STERLING</STRONG> f } pound-sterling symbol
+ <STRONG>ACS_TTEE</STRONG> + w top tee
+ <STRONG>ACS_UARROW</STRONG> ^ - arrow pointing up
+ <STRONG>ACS_ULCORNER</STRONG> + l upper left-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_URCORNER</STRONG> + k upper right-hand corner
+ <STRONG>ACS_VLINE</STRONG> | x vertical line
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
- Note that <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> may be
- macros.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ These functions return <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success and <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on failure.
+ In <EM>ncurses</EM>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>win</EM> is <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> wrapping to a new line is impossible because <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> has not
+ been called on <EM>win</EM> when a write to its bottom right location is
+ attempted, or
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> it is not possible to add a complete character at the cursor
+ position.
+
+ The last may be due to different causes:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> conversion of a multibyte character to a byte sequence can fail, or
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> at least one of the bytes resulting from conversion from a
+ multibyte sequence cannot be added to the window. See section
+ "PORTABILITY" below regarding the use of <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> with multibyte
+ characters.
+
+ Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
+ the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> may be implemented as macros.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TABSIZE">TABSIZE</a></H3><PRE>
+ SVr4 and other versions of <EM>curses</EM> implement the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> variable, but
+ X/Open Curses does not specify it; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses, Issue 4 describes these functions. It specifies no
+ error conditions for them.
+
+ SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> describes a successful return value only as "an integer
+ value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>".
+
+ The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
+ locale.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ACS-Symbols">ACS Symbols</a></H3><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses states that the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> definitions are <EM>char</EM> constants.
+
+ Some implementations are problematic.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris <EM>curses</EM>, for example, defines the ACS symbols as constants;
+ others define them as elements of an array.
+
+ This implementation uses an array, <STRONG>acs_map</STRONG>, as did SVr4 <EM>curses</EM>.
+ NetBSD also uses an array, actually named <STRONG>_acs_char</STRONG>, with a <STRONG>#define</STRONG>
+ for compatibility.
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- All these functions are described in the XSI Curses stan-
- dard, Issue 4. The defaults specified for forms-drawing
- characters apply in the POSIX locale.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
+ <STRONG>WACS_</STRONG> symbols as if the <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters (see
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>). The misdefined symbols are the arrows and
+ others that are not used for line drawing.
- X/Open Curses states that the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> definitions are <STRONG>char</STRONG>
- constants. For the wide-character implementation (see
- <STRONG>curs_add_wch</STRONG>), there are analogous <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> definitions which
- are <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> constants.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses (Issues 2 through 7) has a typographical error for
+ the <STRONG>ACS_LANTERN</STRONG> symbol, equating its "VT100+ Character" to "I"
+ (capital I), while the header files for SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> and other
+ implementations use "i" (small i).
- Some ACS symbols (ACS_S3, ACS_S7, ACS_LEQUAL, ACS_GEQUAL,
- ACS_PI, ACS_NEQUAL, ACS_STERLING) were not documented in
- any publicly released System V. However, many publicly
- available terminfos include <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> strings in which their
- key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a second-hand
- list of their character descriptions has come to light.
- The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ None of the terminal descriptions on Unix platforms use uppercase
+ I, except for Solaris (in its <EM>terminfo</EM> entry for <STRONG>screen(1)</STRONG>,
+ apparently based on the X/Open documentation around 1995). On the
+ other hand, its <STRONG>gs6300</STRONG> (AT&T PC6300 with EMOTS Terminal Emulator)
+ description uses lowercase i.
- The <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> variable is implemented in some versions of
- curses, but is not part of X/Open curses.
+ Some ACS symbols (<STRONG>ACS_S3</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_S7</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_LEQUAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_GEQUAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_PI</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>ACS_NEQUAL</STRONG>, and <STRONG>ACS_STERLING</STRONG>) were not documented in any publicly
+ released System V. However, many publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM> entries
+ include <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capabilities in which their key characters (<STRONG>pryz{|}</STRONG>) are
+ embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has
+ come to light. The <EM>ncurses</EM> developers invented ACS-prefixed names for
+ them.
- If <EM>ch</EM> is a carriage return, the cursor is moved to the
- beginning of the current row of the window. This is true
- of other implementations, but is not documented.
+ The <EM>displayed</EM> values of <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> constants depend on
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>ncurses</EM> ABI--for example, wide-character versus non-wide-
+ character configurations (the former is capable of displaying
+ Unicode while the latter is not), and
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>,
- <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> whether the locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
+
+ In certain cases, the terminal is unable to display forms-drawing
+ characters <EM>except</EM> by using UTF-8; see the discussion of the
+ <EM>NCURSES</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>UTF8</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>ACS</EM> environment variable in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Character-Set">Character Set</a></H3><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses assumes that the parameter passed to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> contains a
+ single character. That character may have been more than eight bits
+ wide in an SVr3 or SVr4 implementation, but X/Open Curses leaves the
+ width of a non-wide character code unspecified. The standard further
+ does not specify the internal structure of a <EM>chtype</EM>, though the use of
+ bit operations to combine the character code with attributes and a
+ color pair identifier into a <EM>chtype</EM> for passage to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> is common. A
+ portable application uses only the macros discussed in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> to
+ manipulate a <EM>chtype</EM>.
+
+ In <EM>ncurses</EM>, <EM>chtype</EM> holds an eight-bit character, but the library allows
+ a multibyte character to be passed in a succession of calls to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>.
+ Other implementations do not; a <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> call transmits exactly one
+ character, which may be rendered in one or more screen locations
+ depending on whether it is printable (see <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>). Depending on
+ the locale, <EM>ncurses</EM> inspects the byte passed in each <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> call and
+ checks whether the latest call continues a multibyte sequence. When a
+ character is <EM>complete</EM>, <EM>ncurses</EM> displays the character and advances the
+ cursor. If the calling application interrupts the succession of bytes
+ in a multibyte character sequence by changing the current location--for
+ example, with <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">wmove(3x)</A></STRONG>--<EM>ncurses</EM> discards the incomplete character.
+
+ For portability to other implementations, do not rely upon the
+ foregoing behavior. Check whether a character can be represented as a
+ single byte in the current locale.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If it can, call either <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> or <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">wadd_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If it cannot, use only <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">wadd_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> describes comparable functions of the <EM>ncurses</EM> library
+ in its wide-character configuration (<EM>ncursesw</EM>).
- Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw)
- library are described in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putchar(3)</STRONG>
-
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+
ncurses 6.5 2024-05-11 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-waddch">waddch</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-wechochar">wechochar</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Forms-Drawing-Characters">Forms-Drawing Characters</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-TABSIZE">TABSIZE</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-ACS-Symbols">ACS Symbols</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Character-Set">Character Set</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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