+<!--
+ ****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+ * *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
+ * distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
+ * *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
+ * *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
+ * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
+ * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
+ * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
+ * *
+ * Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
+ * holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
+ * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
+ * authorization. *
+ ****************************************************************************
+ * @Id: curs_termcap.3x,v 1.33 2017/01/07 19:25:15 tom Exp @
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+<meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see http://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
+<TITLE>curs_termcap 3x</TITLE>
+<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</HEAD>
<BODY>
+<H1 class="no-header">curs_termcap 3x</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>tgetent</B>, <B>tgetflag</B>, <B>tgetnum</B>, <B>tgetstr</B>, <B>tgoto</B>, <B>tputs</B> - direct
- <B>curses</B> interface to the terminfo capability database
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
- <B>#include</B> <B><term.h></B>
- <B>int</B> <B>tgetent(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*bp,</B> <B>char</B> <B>*name);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>tgetflag(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*id);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>tgetnum(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*id);</B>
- <B>char</B> <B>*tgetstr(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*id,</B> <B>char</B> <B>**area);</B>
- <B>char</B> <B>*tgoto(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*cap,</B> <B>int</B> <B>col,</B> <B>int</B> <B>row);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>tputs(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*str,</B> <B>int</B> <B>affcnt,</B> <B>int</B> <B>(*putc)(int));</B>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG>, <STRONG>BC</STRONG>, <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> - direct <STRONG>curses</STRONG> interface to the terminfo
+ capability database
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- These routines are included as a conversion aid for pro-
- grams that use the <I>termcap</I> library. Their parameters are
- the same and the routines are emulated using the <I>terminfo</I>
- database. Thus, they can only be used to query the capa-
- bilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has been
- compiled.
- The <B>tgetent</B> routine loads the entry for <I>name</I>. It returns
- 1 on success, 0 if there is no such entry, and -1 if the
- terminfo database could not be found. The emulation
- ignores the buffer pointer <I>bp</I>.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><term.h></STRONG>
- The <B>tgetflag</B> routine gets the boolean entry for <I>id</I>, or
- zero if it is not available.
+ <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>PC;</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>UP;</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>BC;</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>ospeed;</STRONG>
- The <B>tgetnum</B> routine gets the numeric entry for <I>id</I>, or -1
- if it is not available.
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetent(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*bp,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*name);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetflag(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetnum(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgetstr(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id,</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>**area);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgoto(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*cap,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>col,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>row);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*str,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>affcnt,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(int));</STRONG>
- The <B>tgetstr</B> routine returns the string entry for <I>id</I>, or
- zero if it is not available. Use <B>tputs</B> to output the
- returned string. The return value will also be copied to
- the buffer pointed to by <I>area</I>, and the <I>area</I> value will be
- updated to point past the null ending this value.
- The <B>tgoto</B> routine instantiates the parameters into the
- given capability. The output from this routine is to be
- passed to <B>tputs</B>.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+ These routines are included as a conversion aid for pro-
+ grams that use the <EM>termcap</EM> library. Their parameters are
+ the same and the routines are emulated using the <EM>terminfo</EM>
+ database. Thus, they can only be used to query the capa-
+ bilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has been
+ compiled.
- The <B>tputs</B> routine is described on the <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></B>
- manual page. It can retrieve capabilities by either term-
- cap or terminfo name.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> routine loads the entry for <EM>name</EM>. It returns:
+ 1 on success,
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an
- integer return <B>ERR</B> upon failure and <B>OK</B> (SVr4 only speci-
- fies "an integer value other than <B>ERR</B>") upon successful
- completion.
+ 0 if there is no such entry (or that it is a generic
+ type, having too little information for curses ap-
+ plications to run), and
- Routines that return pointers return <B>NULL</B> on error.
+ -1 if the terminfo database could not be found.
+ This differs from the <EM>termcap</EM> library in two ways:
-</PRE>
-<H2>BUGS</H2><PRE>
- If you call <B>tgetstr</B> to fetch <B>ca</B> or any other parameterized
- string, be aware that it will be returned in terminfo
- notation, not the older and not-quite-compatible termcap
- notation. This won't cause problems if all you do with it
- is call <B>tgoto</B> or <B>tparm</B>, which both expand terminfo-style.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The emulation ignores the buffer pointer <EM>bp</EM>. The
+ <EM>termcap</EM> library would store a copy of the terminal
+ description in the area referenced by this pointer.
+ However, ncurses stores its terminal descriptions
+ in compiled binary form, which is not the same
+ thing.
- Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in
- string capabilities differ from termcap's, <B>tputs("50");</B>
- will put out a literal "50" rather than busy-waiting for
- 50 milliseconds. Cope with it.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> There is a difference in return codes. The <EM>termcap</EM>
+ library does not check if the terminal description
+ is marked with the <EM>generic</EM> capability, or if the
+ terminal description has cursor-addressing.
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
- tions. However, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may
- be removed in future versions.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG> routine gets the boolean entry for <EM>id</EM>, or ze-
+ ro if it is not available.
- Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages
- documented the return values of <B>tgetent</B> correctly, though
- all three were in fact returned ever since SVr1.
+ The <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> routine gets the numeric entry for <EM>id</EM>, or -1
+ if it is not available.
+ The <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> routine returns the string entry for <EM>id</EM>, or
+ zero if it is not available. Use <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> to output the re-
+ turned string. The <EM>area</EM> parameter is used as follows:
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="putc.3S.html">putc(3S)</A></B>.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> It is assumed to be the address of a pointer to a
+ buffer managed by the calling application.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> However, ncurses checks to ensure that <STRONG>area</STRONG> is not
+ NULL, and also that the resulting buffer pointer is
+ not NULL. If either check fails, the <EM>area</EM> parame-
+ ter is ignored.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the checks succeed, ncurses also copies the re-
+ turn value to the buffer pointed to by <EM>area</EM>, and
+ the <EM>area</EM> value will be updated to point past the
+ null ending this value.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The return value itself is an address in the termi-
+ nal description which is loaded into memory.
+ Only the first two characters of the <STRONG>id</STRONG> parameter of <STRONG>tget-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>flag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> are compared in lookups.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> routine expands the given capability using the
+ parameters.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Because the capability may have padding characters,
+ the output of <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> should be passed to <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> rather
+ than some other output function such as <STRONG>printf</STRONG>.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> While <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> is assumed to be used for the two-parame-
+ ter cursor positioning capability, termcap applica-
+ tions also use it for single-parameter capabilities.
+ Doing this shows a quirk in <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>: most hardware ter-
+ minals use cursor addressing with <EM>row</EM> first, but the
+ original developers of the termcap interface chose to
+ put the <EM>column</EM> parameter first. The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> function
+ swaps the order of parameters. It does this also for
+ calls requiring only a single parameter. In that
+ case, the first parameter is merely a placeholder.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Normally the ncurses library is compiled with terminfo
+ support. In that case, <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> uses <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> (a more
+ capable formatter).
+
+ The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine is described on the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ manual page. It can retrieve capabilities by either term-
+ cap or terminfo name.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The variables <STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG> and <STRONG>BC</STRONG> are set by <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> to the ter-
+ minfo entry's data for <STRONG>pad_char</STRONG>, <STRONG>cursor_up</STRONG> and
+ <STRONG>backspace_if_not_bs</STRONG>, respectively. <STRONG>UP</STRONG> is not used by
+ ncurses. <STRONG>PC</STRONG> is used in the <STRONG>tdelay_output</STRONG> function. <STRONG>BC</STRONG> is
+ used in the <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> emulation. The variable <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG> is set
+ by ncurses in a system-specific coding to reflect the ter-
+ minal speed.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an in-
+ teger return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies
+ "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful comple-
+ tion.
+ Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
+ If you call <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> to fetch <STRONG>ca</STRONG> or any other parameterized
+ string, be aware that it will be returned in terminfo no-
+ tation, not the older and not-quite-compatible termcap no-
+ tation. This will not cause problems if all you do with
+ it is call <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> or <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, which both expand terminfo-
+ style strings as terminfo. (The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> function, if con-
+ figured to support termcap, will check if the string is
+ indeed terminfo-style by looking for "%p" parameters or
+ "$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap-style parser if the
+ string does not appear to be terminfo).
+ Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in
+ string capabilities differ from termcap's, <STRONG>tputs("50");</STRONG>
+ will put out a literal "50" rather than busy-waiting for
+ 50 milliseconds. Cope with it.
+
+ Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
+ string. One consequence of this is that termcap applica-
+ tions assume me (terminfo <STRONG>sgr0</STRONG>) does not reset the alter-
+ nate character set. This implementation checks for, and
+ modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to accom-
+ modate termcap's limitation in this respect.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
+ tions. However, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may
+ be removed in future versions.
+ Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages
+ documented the return values of <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> correctly, though
+ all three were in fact returned ever since SVr1. In par-
+ ticular, an omission in the XSI Curses documentation has
+ been misinterpreted to mean that <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or
+ <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide
+ compatibility with the <EM>termcap</EM> library, that is a defect
+ in XCurses, Issue 4, Version 2 rather than in ncurses.
+ External variables are provided for support of certain
+ termcap applications. However, termcap applications' use
+ of those variables is poorly documented, e.g., not distin-
+ guishing between input and output. In particular, some
+ applications are reported to declare and/or modify <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>.
+ The comment that only the first two characters of the <STRONG>id</STRONG>
+ parameter are used escapes many application developers.
+ The original BSD 4.2 termcap library (and historical
+ relics thereof) did not require a trailing null NUL on the
+ parameter name passed to <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG>.
+ Some applications assume that the termcap interface does
+ not require the trailing NUL for the parameter name. Tak-
+ ing into account these issues:
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> As a special case, <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG> matched against a single-
+ character identifier provided that was at the end of
+ the terminal description. You should not rely upon
+ this behavior in portable programs. This implementa-
+ tion disallows matches against single-character capa-
+ bility names.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> This implementation disallows matches by the termcap
+ interface against extended capability names which are
+ longer than two characters.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>.
+ http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
</BODY>
</HTML>
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff