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-<H1>curs_terminfo 3x</H1>
-<HR>
+<H1 class="no-header">curs_terminfo 3x</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, <STRONG>putp</STRONG>, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>,
<STRONG>setterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG>, <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> -
<STRONG>curses</STRONG> interfaces to terminfo database
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><term.h></STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>fildes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*cur_term;</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>boolnames[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>boolcodes[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>boolfnames[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>numnames[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>numcodes[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>numfnames[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>strnames[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>strcodes[];</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>strfnames[];</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>filedes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*set_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>nterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>del_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>oterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>restartterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>fildes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tparm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>restartterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>filedes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tparm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>affcnt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putp(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vidputs(chtype</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vidattr(chtype</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_puts(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(char));</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_puts(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_attr(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvcur(int</STRONG> <EM>oldrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>oldcol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>newrow</EM>, int <EM>newcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetflag(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetnum(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tigetstr(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetflag(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetnum(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tigetstr(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tiparm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
These low-level routines must be called by programs that
have to deal directly with the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to handle
certain terminal capabilities, such as programming func-
tion keys. For all other functionality, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines
are more suitable and their use is recommended.
- Initially, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> should be called. Note that <STRONG>se-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tupterm</STRONG> is automatically called by <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> and <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>.
- This defines the set of terminal-dependent variables
- [listed in <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>]. The <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> variables <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>columns</STRONG> are initialized by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> as follows:
- If <STRONG>use_env(FALSE)</STRONG> has been called, values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
- and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> are used.
-
- Otherwise, if the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> exist, their values are used. If these en-
- vironment variables do not exist and the program is
- running in a window, the current window size is
- used. Otherwise, if the environment variables do
- not exist, the values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> speci-
- fied in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database are used.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
+ Initially, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> should be called. The high-level
+ curses functions <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> and <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> call <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> to
+ initialize the low-level set of terminal-dependent vari-
+ ables [listed in <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>].
+ Applications can use the terminal capabilities either di-
+ rectly (via header definitions), or by special functions.
The header files <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG> and <STRONG>term.h</STRONG> should be included
(in this order) to get the definitions for these strings,
- numbers, and flags. Parameterized strings should be
- passed through <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> to instantiate them. All <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
- strings [including the output of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>] should be printed
- with <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> or <STRONG>putp</STRONG>. Call the <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> to restore
- the tty modes before exiting [see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>]. Pro-
- grams which use cursor addressing should output <STRONG>en-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>ter_ca_mode</STRONG> upon startup and should output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG>
- before exiting. Programs desiring shell escapes should
- call
-
- <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> and output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> before the shell
- is called and should output <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> and call <STRONG>re-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>set_prog_mode</STRONG> after returning from the shell.
+ numbers, and flags.
+
+ The <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> variables <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> are initialized
+ by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> as follows:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>use_env(FALSE)</STRONG> has been called, values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
+ and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> are used.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise, if the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COL-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>UMNS</STRONG> exist, their values are used. If these environ-
+ ment variables do not exist and the program is running
+ in a window, the current window size is used. Other-
+ wise, if the environment variables do not exist, the
+ values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
+ database are used.
+
+ Parameterized strings should be passed through <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> to
+ instantiate them. All <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> strings [including the
+ output of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>] should be printed with <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> or <STRONG>putp</STRONG>.
+ Call <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> to restore the tty modes before ex-
+ iting [see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>].
+
+ Programs which use cursor addressing should
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> upon startup and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> before exiting.
+
+ Programs which execute shell subprocesses should
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> call <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> and output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> before
+ the shell is called and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> and call <STRONG>reset_prog_mode</STRONG> after
+ returning from the shell.
The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine reads in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database, ini-
tializing the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> structures, but does not set up the
- output virtualization structures used by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>. The ter-
- minal type is the character string <EM>term</EM>; if <EM>term</EM> is null,
- the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is used. All output is to
- file descriptor <STRONG>fildes</STRONG> which is initialized for output.
- If <EM>errret</EM> is not null, then <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>
- and stores a status value in the integer pointed to by <EM>er-</EM>
- <EM>rret</EM>. A return value of <STRONG>OK</STRONG> combined with status of <STRONG>1</STRONG> in
- <EM>errret</EM> is normal. If <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned, examine <EM>errret</EM>:
+ output virtualization structures used by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>. These
+ are its parameters:
+
+ <EM>term</EM> is the terminal type, a character string. If <EM>term</EM>
+ is null, the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is used.
+
+ <EM>filedes</EM>
+ is the file descriptor used for all output.
+
+ <EM>errret</EM>
+ points to an optional location where an error sta-
+ tus can be returned to the caller. If <EM>errret</EM> is
+ not null, then <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> and
+ stores a status value in the integer pointed to by
+ <EM>errret</EM>. A return value of <STRONG>OK</STRONG> combined with status
+ of <STRONG>1</STRONG> in <EM>errret</EM> is normal.
+
+ If <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned, examine <EM>errret</EM>:
- <STRONG>1</STRONG> means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot be
- used for curses applications.
+ <STRONG>1</STRONG> means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot
+ be used for curses applications.
- <STRONG>0</STRONG> means that the terminal could not be found, or
- that it is a generic type, having too little
- information for curses applications to run.
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> determines if the entry is a hard-
+ copy type by checking the <STRONG>hc</STRONG> (<STRONG>hardcopy</STRONG>) capa-
+ bility.
- <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database could not be
- found.
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> means that the terminal could not be found,
+ or that it is a generic type, having too lit-
+ tle information for curses applications to
+ run.
- If <EM>errret</EM> is null, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> prints an error message upon
- finding an error and exits. Thus, the simplest call is:
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> determines if the entry is a gener-
+ ic type by checking the <STRONG>gn</STRONG> (<STRONG>generic</STRONG>) capabil-
+ ity.
- <STRONG>setupterm((char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0);</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database could not be
+ found.
- which uses all the defaults and sends the output to <STRONG>std-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>out</STRONG>.
+ If <EM>errret</EM> is null, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> prints an error mes-
+ sage upon finding an error and exits. Thus, the
+ simplest call is:
- The <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine is being replaced by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>. The
- call:
+ <STRONG>setupterm((char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0);</STRONG>,
+
+ which uses all the defaults and sends the output
+ to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>.
+
+ The <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine was replaced by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>. The call:
<STRONG>setupterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0)</STRONG>
- provides the same functionality as <STRONG>setterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG>. The
- <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine is included here for BSD compatibility,
- and is not recommended for new programs.
+ provides the same functionality as <STRONG>setterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG>. The
+ <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine is provided for BSD compatibility, and is
+ not recommended for new programs.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-The-Terminal-State">The Terminal State</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine stores its information about the
+ terminal in a <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> structure pointed to by the global
+ variable <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>. If it detects an error, or decides
+ that the terminal is unsuitable (hardcopy or generic), it
+ discards this information, making it not available to ap-
+ plications.
+
+ If <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> is called repeatedly for the same terminal
+ type, it will reuse the information. It maintains only
+ one copy of a given terminal's capabilities in memory. If
+ it is called for different terminal types, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allo-
+ cates new storage for each set of terminal capabilities.
- The <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> routine sets the variable <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG> to
- <EM>nterm</EM>, and makes all of the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> boolean, numeric, and
- string variables use the values from <EM>nterm</EM>. It returns
- the old value of <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>.
+ The <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> routine sets <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG> to <EM>nterm</EM>, and makes
+ all of the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> boolean, numeric, and string variables
+ use the values from <EM>nterm</EM>. It returns the old value of
+ <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG> routine frees the space pointed to by
<EM>oterm</EM> and makes it available for further use. If <EM>oterm</EM> is
The <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> routine is similar to <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> and
<STRONG>initscr</STRONG>, except that it is called after restoring memory
to a previous state (for example, when reloading a game
- saved as a core image dump). It assumes that the windows
- and the input and output options are the same as when mem-
- ory was saved, but the terminal type and baud rate may be
- different. Accordingly, it saves various tty state bits,
- calls <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, and then restores the bits.
+ saved as a core image dump). <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> assumes that the
+ windows and the input and output options are the same as
+ when memory was saved, but the terminal type and baud rate
+ may be different. Accordingly, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> saves various
+ tty state bits, calls <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, and then restores the
+ bits.
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Formatting-Output">Formatting Output</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> routine instantiates the string <EM>str</EM> with parame-
- ters <EM>pi</EM>. A pointer is returned to the result of <EM>str</EM> with
- the parameters applied.
+ ters <EM>pi</EM>. A pointer is returned to the result of <EM>str</EM> with
+ the parameters applied. Application developers should
+ keep in mind these quirks of the interface:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Although <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>'s actual parameters may be integers or
+ strings, the prototype expects <STRONG>long</STRONG> (integer) values.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Aside from the <STRONG>set_attributes</STRONG> (<STRONG>sgr</STRONG>) capability, most
+ terminal capabilities require no more than one or two
+ parameters.
- <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> is a newer form of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> which uses <EM><stdarg.h></EM>
- rather than a fixed-parameter list. Its numeric parame-
+ <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> is a newer form of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> which uses <EM><stdarg.h></EM>
+ rather than a fixed-parameter list. Its numeric parame-
ters are integers (int) rather than longs.
- The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine applies padding information to the
- string <EM>str</EM> and outputs it. The <EM>str</EM> must be a terminfo
- string variable or the return value from <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>,
- or <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>. <EM>affcnt</EM> is the number of lines affected, or 1 if
- not applicable. <EM>putc</EM> is a <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine to which
- the characters are passed, one at a time.
- The <STRONG>putp</STRONG> routine calls <STRONG>tputs(</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)</STRONG>. Note that
- the output of <STRONG>putp</STRONG> always goes to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>, not to the
- <EM>fildes</EM> specified in <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Output-Functions">Output Functions</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine applies padding information to the
+ string <EM>str</EM> and outputs it:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>str</EM> must be a terminfo string variable or the re-
+ turn value from <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>, or <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>affcnt</EM> is the number of lines affected, or 1 if not
+ applicable.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>putc</EM> is a <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine to which the characters
+ are passed, one at a time.
+
+ The <STRONG>putp</STRONG> routine calls <STRONG>tputs(</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)</STRONG>. The output
+ of <STRONG>putp</STRONG> always goes to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>, rather than the <EM>filedes</EM>
+ specified in <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine displays the string on the terminal in
the video attribute mode <EM>attrs</EM>, which is any combination
The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines correspond to vidattr
and vidputs, respectively. They use a set of arguments
- for representing the video attributes plus color, i.e.,
- one of type attr_t for the attributes and one of short for
- the color_pair number. The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines
- are designed to use the attribute constants with the <EM>WA</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG>
- prefix. The opts argument is reserved for future use.
- Currently, applications must provide a null pointer for
- that argument.
-
- The <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It
- takes effect immediately (rather than at the next re-
+ for representing the video attributes plus color, i.e.,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM> of type <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> for the attributes and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM> of type <STRONG>short</STRONG> for the color-pair number.
+
+ The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines are designed to use the
+ attribute constants with the <EM>WA</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> prefix.
+
+ X/Open Curses reserves the <EM>opts</EM> argument for future use,
+ saying that applications must provide a null pointer for
+ that argument. As an extension, this implementation al-
+ lows <EM>opts</EM> to be used as a pointer to <STRONG>int</STRONG>, which overrides
+ the <EM>pair</EM> (<STRONG>short</STRONG>) argument.
+
+ The <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It
+ takes effect immediately (rather than at the next re-
fresh).
- The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routines return the
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Capability-Functions">Terminal Capability Functions</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routines return the
value of the capability corresponding to the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> <EM>cap-</EM>
- <EM>name</EM> passed to them, such as <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>.
+ <EM>name</EM> passed to them, such as <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>. The <EM>capname</EM> for each
+ capability is given in the table column entitled <EM>capname</EM>
+ code in the capabilities section of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG> routine returns the value <STRONG>-1</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is
- not a boolean capability, or <STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent
- from the terminal description.
+ These routines return special values to denote errors.
- The <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> routine returns the value <STRONG>-2</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is
- not a numeric capability, or <STRONG>-1</STRONG> if it is canceled or ab-
- sent from the terminal description.
+ The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG> routine returns
- The <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routine returns the value <STRONG>(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)-1</STRONG> if <EM>cap-</EM>
- <EM>name</EM> is not a string capability, or <STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or
- absent from the terminal description.
+ <STRONG>-1</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is not a boolean capability, or
- The <EM>capname</EM> for each capability is given in the table col-
- umn entitled <EM>capname</EM> code in the capabilities section of
- <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
+ scription.
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*boolnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolfnames[]</STRONG>
+ The <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> routine returns
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*numnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numfnames[]</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>-2</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is not a numeric capability, or
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*strnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strfnames[]</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>-1</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
+ scription.
- These null-terminated arrays contain the <EM>capnames</EM>, the
- <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> codes, and the full C names, for each of the <STRONG>ter-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>minfo</STRONG> variables.
+ The <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routine returns
+ <STRONG>(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)-1</STRONG>
+ if <EM>capname</EM> is not a string capability, or
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure
- and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than
- <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
+ scription.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Capability-Names">Terminal Capability Names</a></H3><PRE>
+ These null-terminated arrays contain
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the short terminfo names ("codes"),
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> names ("names", and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the long terminfo names ("fnames")
+
+ for each of the predefined <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> variables:
+
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*boolnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolf-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>names[]</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*numnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numfnames[]</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*strnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strfnames[]</STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure
+ and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than
+ <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted
in the preceding routine descriptions.
Routines that return pointers always return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementa-
tion
- <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>
- returns an error if its terminal parameter is
- null.
+ <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>
+ returns an error if its terminal parameter is
+ null.
- <STRONG>putp</STRONG> calls <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, returning the same error-codes.
+ <STRONG>putp</STRONG> calls <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, returning the same error-codes.
- <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>
- returns an error if the associated call to <STRONG>se-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tupterm</STRONG> returns an error.
+ <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the associated call to <STRONG>se-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tupterm</STRONG> returns an error.
- <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>
- returns an error if it cannot allocate enough
- memory, or create the initial windows (stdscr,
- curscr, newscr). Other error conditions are
- documented above.
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>
+ returns an error if it cannot allocate enough mem-
+ ory, or create the initial windows (stdscr,
+ curscr, newscr). Other error conditions are docu-
+ mented above.
- <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>
- returns an error if the string parameter is
- null. It does not detect I/O errors: X/Open
- states that <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> ignores the return value of
- the output function <EM>putc</EM>.
+ <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the string parameter is null.
+ It does not detect I/O errors: X/Open states that
+ <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> ignores the return value of the output func-
+ tion <EM>putc</EM>.
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine should be used in place of <STRONG>setterm</STRONG>.
- It may be useful when you want to test for terminal capa-
- bilities without committing to the allocation of storage
- involved in <STRONG>initscr</STRONG>.
-
- Note that <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> may be macros.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-functions">Legacy functions</a></H3><PRE>
+ X/Open notes that <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> may be macros.
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The function <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must
- be considered non-portable. All other functions are as
+ The function <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must
+ be considered non-portable. All other functions are as
described by X/Open.
- <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array <STRONG>ttytype</STRONG>.
- This is not part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-data">Legacy data</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array <STRONG>ttytype</STRONG>.
+ This is not part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some
applications.
- In System V Release 4, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> has an <STRONG>int</STRONG> return type
- and returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. We have chosen to implement the
+ Other implementions may not declare the capability name
+ arrays. Some provide them without declaring them. X/Open
+ does not specify them.
+
+ Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by
+ <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>, are not stored in the arrays described here.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Output-buffering">Output buffering</a></H3><PRE>
+ Older versions of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> assumed that the file descriptor
+ passed to <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> from <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> uses buffered
+ I/O, and would write to the corresponding stream. In ad-
+ dition to the limitation that the terminal was left in
+ block-buffered mode on exit (like System V curses), it was
+ problematic because <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> did not allow a reliable way
+ to cleanup on receiving SIGTSTP.
+
+ The current version (ncurses6) uses output buffers managed
+ directly by <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. Some of the low-level functions de-
+ scribed in this manual page write to the standard output.
+ They are not signal-safe. The high-level functions in
+ <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> use alternate versions of these functions using
+ the more reliable buffering scheme.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Function-prototypes">Function prototypes</a></H3><PRE>
+ The X/Open Curses prototypes are based on the SVr4 curses
+ header declarations, which were defined at the same time
+ the C language was first standardized in the late 1980s.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses uses <STRONG>const</STRONG> less effectively than a later
+ design might, in some cases applying it needlessly to
+ values are already constant, and in most cases over-
+ looking parameters which normally would use <STRONG>const</STRONG>.
+ Using constant parameters for functions which do not
+ use <STRONG>const</STRONG> may prevent the program from compiling. On
+ the other hand, <EM>writable</EM> <EM>strings</EM> are an obsolescent
+ feature.
+
+ As an extension, this implementation can be configured
+ to change the function prototypes to use the <STRONG>const</STRONG>
+ keyword. The ncurses ABI 6 enables this feature by
+ default.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses prototypes <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> with a fixed number of
+ parameters, rather than a variable argument list.
+
+ This implementation uses a variable argument list, but
+ can be configured to use the fixed-parameter list.
+ Portable applications should provide 9 parameters af-
+ ter the format; zeroes are fine for this purpose.
+
+ In response to review comments by Thomas E. Dickey,
+ X/Open Curses Issue 7 proposed the <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> function in
+ mid-2009.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Special-TERM-treatment">Special TERM treatment</a></H3><PRE>
+ If configured to use the terminal-driver, e.g., for the
+ MinGW port,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> interprets a missing/empty TERM variable as
+ the special value "unknown".
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allows explicit use of the the windows con-
+ sole driver by checking if $TERM is set to "#win32con"
+ or an abbreviation of that string.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Other-portability-issues">Other portability issues</a></H3><PRE>
+ In System V Release 4, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> has an <STRONG>int</STRONG> return type
+ and returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. We have chosen to implement the
X/Open Curses semantics.
In System V Release 4, the third argument of <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> has the
type <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(char)</STRONG>.
At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) re-
- turns a value other than OK/ERR from <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>. That returns
+ turns a value other than OK/ERR from <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>. That returns
the length of the string, and does no error-checking.
- X/Open Curses prototypes <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> with a fixed number of pa-
- rameters, rather than a variable argument list. This im-
- plementation uses a variable argument list, but can be
- configured to use the fixed-parameter list. Portable ap-
- plications should provide 9 parameters after the format;
- zeroes are fine for this purpose.
-
- In response to comments by Thomas E. Dickey, X/Open Curses
- Issue 7 proposed the <STRONG>tiparam</STRONG> function in mid-2009.
-
- X/Open notes that after calling <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, the curses state
- may not match the actual terminal state, and that an ap-
- plication should touch and refresh the window before re-
- suming normal curses calls. Both ncurses and System V Re-
+ X/Open notes that after calling <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, the curses state
+ may not match the actual terminal state, and that an ap-
+ plication should touch and refresh the window before re-
+ suming normal curses calls. Both <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> and System V Re-
lease 4 curses implement <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> using the SCREEN data allo-
cated in either <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>. So though it is docu-
- mented as a terminfo function, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> is really a curses
+ mented as a terminfo function, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> is really a curses
function which is not well specified.
- X/Open states that the old location must be given for
- <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>. This implementation allows the caller to use -1's
- for the old ordinates. In that case, the old location is
+ X/Open states that the old location must be given for
+ <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>. This implementation allows the caller to use -1's
+ for the old ordinates. In that case, the old location is
unknown.
- Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by
- <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>, are not stored in the arrays described in this
- section.
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_term-</STRONG>
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">cap(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="putc.3.html">putc(3)</A></STRONG>,
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_term-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">cap(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-The-Terminal-State">The Terminal State</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Formatting-Output">Formatting Output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Output-Functions">Output Functions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Capability-Functions">Terminal Capability Functions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Capability-Names">Terminal Capability Names</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Legacy-functions">Legacy functions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Legacy-data">Legacy data</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Output-buffering">Output buffering</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Function-prototypes">Function prototypes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Special-TERM-treatment">Special TERM treatment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Other-portability-issues">Other portability issues</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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