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- * @Id: curs_util.3x,v 1.9 2002/09/01 19:44:37 tom Exp @
+ * @Id: curs_util.3x,v 1.32 2010/12/04 18:38:55 tom Exp @
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<PRE>
<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+
+
+
</PRE>
<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
<STRONG>delay_output</STRONG>, <STRONG>filter</STRONG>, <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, <STRONG>getwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>key_name</STRONG>, <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>, <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> - miscellaneous <STRONG>curses</STRONG>
- utility routines
+ <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG>, <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>, <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> - miscellaneous
+ <STRONG>curses</STRONG> utility routines
</PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*unctrl(chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*wunctrl(wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>w);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*wunctrl(cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*c);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*keyname(int</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*key_name(wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>w);</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>filter(void);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>nofilter(void);</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_env(bool</STRONG> <STRONG>f);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
<STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*getwin(FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
The <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> routine returns a character string which is a
- printable representation of the character <EM>c</EM>, ignoring
- attributes. Control characters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM>
- notation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The
+ printable representation of the character <EM>c</EM>, ignoring at-
+ tributes. Control characters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> no-
+ tation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The
corresponding <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> returns a printable representation
- of a wide-character.
+ of a wide character.
The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> routine returns a character string correspond-
- ing to the key <EM>c</EM>. Control characters are displayed in the
- <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation. Values above 128 are either meta characters,
- shown in the <STRONG>M-</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation, or the names of function keys,
- or null. The corresponding <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> returns a character
- string corresponding to the wide-character value <EM>w</EM>. The
- two functions do not return the same set of strings; the
- latter returns null where the former would display a meta
- character.
+ ing to the key <EM>c</EM>:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Printable characters are displayed as themselves,
+ e.g., a one-character string containing the key.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Control characters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> nota-
+ tion.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> DEL (character 127) is displayed as <STRONG>^?</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Values above 128 are either meta characters (if the
+ screen has not been initialized, or if <STRONG>meta</STRONG> has
+ been called with a TRUE parameter), shown in the
+ <STRONG>M-</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation, or are displayed as themselves. In
+ the latter case, the values may not be printable;
+ this follows the X/Open specification.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Values above 256 may be the names of the names of
+ function keys.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise (if there is no corresponding name) the
+ function returns null, to denote an error. X/Open
+ also lists an "UNKNOWN KEY" return value, which
+ some implementations return rather than null.
+
+ The corresponding <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> returns a character string cor-
+ responding to the wide-character value <EM>w</EM>. The two func-
+ tions do not return the same set of strings; the latter
+ returns null where the former would display a meta charac-
+ ter.
The <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine, if used, must be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG>
or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called. The effect is that, during those
<STRONG>cud</STRONG>, <STRONG>cud1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>, <STRONG>vpa</STRONG> are disabled; and the <STRONG>home</STRONG>
string is set to the value of <STRONG>cr</STRONG>.
+ The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> routine cancels the effect of a preceding
+ <STRONG>filter</STRONG> call. That allows the caller to initialize a
+ screen on a different device, using a different value of
+ <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG>. The limitation arises because the <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine
+ modifies the in-memory copy of the terminal information.
+
The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> routine, if used, is called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
<STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called. When called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> as an argu-
ment, the values of <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in the
<EM>terminfo</EM> database will be used, even if environment vari-
ables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> (used by default) are set, or if
- <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is running in a window (in which case default
- behavior would be to use the window size if <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> are not set).
+ <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is running in a window (in which case default be-
+ havior would be to use the window size if <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and
+ <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> are not set). Note that setting <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> or <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
+ overrides the corresponding size which may be obtained
+ from the operating system.
The <STRONG>putwin</STRONG> routine writes all data associated with window
<EM>win</EM> into the file to which <EM>filep</EM> points. This information
The <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG> routine inserts an <EM>ms</EM> millisecond pause
in output. This routine should not be used extensively
because padding characters are used rather than a CPU
- pause.
+ pause. If no padding character is specified, this uses
+ <STRONG>napms</STRONG> to perform the delay.
- The <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG> routine throws away any typeahead that has
- been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the
+ The <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG> routine throws away any typeahead that has
+ been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the
program.
</PRE>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- Except for <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, routines that return an integer
- return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 specifies only "an
- integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.
-
- <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG> always returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG>.
+ Except for <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, routines that return an integer re-
+ turn <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 specifies only "an in-
+ teger value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.
Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
+ X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this im-
+ plementation
+
+ <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the terminal was not initial-
+ ized.
+
+ <STRONG>meta</STRONG> returns an error if the terminal was not initial-
+ ized.
+
+ <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the associated <STRONG>fwrite</STRONG> calls
+ return an error.
+
</PRE>
<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
tions. It states that <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> and <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> will return a
- null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any
- error conditions.
+ null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any er-
+ ror conditions. This implementation checks for three cas-
+ es:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the parameter is a 7-bit US-ASCII code. This is
+ the case that X/Open Curses documented.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the parameter is in the range 128-159, i.e., a C1
+ control code. If <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> has been called
+ with a <STRONG>2</STRONG> parameter, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> returns the parameter,
+ i.e., a one-character string with the parameter as
+ the first character. Otherwise, it returns ``~@'',
+ ``~A'', etc., analogous to ``^@'', ``^A'', C0 con-
+ trols.
+
+ X/Open Curses does not document whether <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> can
+ be called before initializing curses. This imple-
+ mentation permits that, and returns the ``~@'',
+ etc., values in that case.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> parameter values outside the 0 to 255 range. <STRONG>unc-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>trl</STRONG> returns a null pointer.
The SVr4 documentation describes the action of <STRONG>filter</STRONG> only
in the vaguest terms. The description here is adapted
from the XSI Curses standard (which erroneously fails to
describe the disabling of <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>).
+ The strings returned by <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> in this implementation are
+ determined at compile time, showing C1 controls from the
+ upper-128 codes with a `~' prefix rather than `^'. Other
+ implementations have different conventions. For example,
+ they may show both sets of control characters with `^',
+ and strip the parameter to 7 bits. Or they may ignore C1
+ controls and treat all of the upper-128 codes as print-
+ able. This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify
+ the string to reflect locale. The <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> func-
+ tion allows the caller to change the output of <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>.
+
+ Likewise, the <STRONG>meta</STRONG> function allows the caller to change
+ the output of <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>, i.e., it determines whether to use
+ the `M-' prefix for ``meta'' keys (codes in the range 128
+ to 255). Both <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> and <STRONG>meta</STRONG> succeed only af-
+ ter curses is initialized. X/Open Curses does not docu-
+ ment the treatment of codes 128 to 159. When treating
+ them as ``meta'' keys (or if <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> is called before ini-
+ tializing curses), this implementation returns strings
+ ``M-^@'', ``M-^A'', etc.
+
+ The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> function may return the names of user-defined
+ string capabilities which are defined in the terminfo en-
+ try via the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>. This implementation auto-
+ matically assigns at run-time keycodes to user-defined
+ strings which begin with "k". The keycodes start at
+ KEY_MAX, but are not guaranteed to be the same value for
+ different runs because user-defined codes are merged from
+ all terminal descriptions which have been loaded. The
+ <STRONG>use_extended_names</STRONG> function controls whether this data is
+ loaded when the terminal description is read by the li-
+ brary.
+
+ The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> routine is specific to ncurses. It was not
+ supported on Version 7, BSD or System V implementations.
+ It is recommended that any code depending on ncurses ex-
+ tensions be conditioned using NCURSES_VERSION.
+
</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_ker-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">nel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>lega-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">cy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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