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-<H1 class="no-header">curs_util 3x</H1>
+<H1 class="no-header">curs_util 3x 2024-04-20 ncurses 6.4 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
-<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG>, <STRONG>filter</STRONG>, <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, <STRONG>getwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>key_name</STRONG>, <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>, <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG>, <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> - miscellaneous <STRONG>curses</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG>, <STRONG>filter</STRONG>, <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, <STRONG>getwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>key_name</STRONG>, <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>, <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG>, <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> - miscellaneous <EM>curses</EM>
utility routines
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*unctrl(chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*wunctrl(cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*c);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*keyname(int</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*key_name(wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>w);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*unctrl(chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*wunctrl(cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*keyname(int</STRONG> <EM>c</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*key_name(wchar_t</STRONG> <EM>wc</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>filter(void);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>nofilter(void);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_env(bool</STRONG> <STRONG>f);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_tioctl(bool</STRONG> <STRONG>f);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*getwin(FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay_output(int</STRONG> <STRONG>ms);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_env(bool</STRONG> <EM>f</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>filep</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*getwin(FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>filep</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay_output(int</STRONG> <EM>ms</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>flushinp(void);</STRONG>
+ <EM>/*</EM> <EM>extensions</EM> <EM>*/</EM>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>nofilter(void);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_tioctl(bool</STRONG> <EM>f</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-unctrl">unctrl</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> routine returns a character string which is a printable rep-
- resentation of the character <EM>c</EM>, ignoring attributes. Control charac-
- ters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation. Printing characters are dis-
- played as is. The corresponding <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> returns a printable represen-
- tation of a wide character.
+ The <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> routine returns a character string which is a printable
+ representation of the character <EM>ch</EM>:
-
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keyname_key_name">keyname/key_name</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> routine returns a character string corresponding to the key
- <EM>c</EM>:
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Printable characters are displayed as themselves, e.g., a one-char-
- acter string containing the key.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Printable characters are displayed as themselves, e.g., a one-
+ character string containing the key.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Control characters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Printing characters are displayed as is.
+
<STRONG>o</STRONG> DEL (character 127) is displayed as <STRONG>^?</STRONG>.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Values above 128 are either meta characters (if the screen has not
- been initialized, or if <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">meta(3x)</A></STRONG> has been called with a <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> param-
- eter), shown in the <STRONG>M-</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation, or are displayed as themselves.
- In the latter case, the values may not be printable; this follows
- the X/Open specification.
+ been initialized, or if <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">meta(3x)</A></STRONG> has been called with a <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>
+ parameter), shown in the <STRONG>M-</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation, or are displayed as
+ themselves. In the latter case, the values may not be printable;
+ this follows the X/Open specification.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Values above 256 may be the names of the names of function keys.
+ The corresponding <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> returns a printable representation of a
+ complex character <EM>wch</EM>.
+
+ In both <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> and <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> the attributes and color associated with the
+ character parameter are ignored.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keyname_key_name">keyname, key_name</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> routine returns a character string corresponding to the key
+ <EM>c</EM>. Key codes are different from character codes.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise (if there is no corresponding name) the function returns
- null, to denote an error. X/Open also lists an "UNKNOWN KEY" re-
- turn value, which some implementations return rather than null.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Key codes below 256 are characters. They are displayed using
+ <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>.
- The corresponding <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> returns a character string corresponding to
- the wide-character value <EM>w</EM>. The two functions do not return the same
- set of strings; the latter returns null where the former would display
- a meta character.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Values above 256 may be the codes for function keys. The function
+ key name is displayed.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise (if there is no corresponding name and the key is not a
+ character) the function returns null, to denote an error. X/Open
+ also lists an "UNKNOWN KEY" return value, which some
+ implementations return rather than null.
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-filter_nofilter">filter/nofilter</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine, if used, must be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>
+ The corresponding <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> returns a multibyte character string
+ corresponding to the wide-character value <EM>w</EM>. The two functions
+ (<STRONG>keyname</STRONG> and <STRONG>key_name</STRONG>) do not return the same set of strings:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> returns null where <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> would display a meta character.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> does not return the name of a function key.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-filter_nofilter">filter, nofilter</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine, if used, must be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>
are called. Calling <STRONG>filter</STRONG> causes these changes in initialization:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> is set to 1;
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> the capabilities <STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>cud1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cud</STRONG>, <STRONG>cup</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>, <STRONG>vpa</STRONG> are dis-
- abled;
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the capabilities <STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>cud1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cud</STRONG>, <STRONG>cup</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>, <STRONG>vpa</STRONG> are
+ disabled;
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the capability <STRONG>ed</STRONG> is disabled if <STRONG>bce</STRONG> is set;
<STRONG>o</STRONG> and the <STRONG>home</STRONG> string is set to the value of <STRONG>cr</STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> routine cancels the effect of a preceding <STRONG>filter</STRONG> call.
- That allows the caller to initialize a screen on a different device,
- using a different value of <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG>. The limitation arises because the
+ The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> routine cancels the effect of a preceding <STRONG>filter</STRONG> call.
+ That allows the caller to initialize a screen on a different device,
+ using a different value of <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG>. The limitation arises because the
<STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine modifies the in-memory copy of the terminal information.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-use_env">use_env</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> routine, if used, should be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
- <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called (because those compute the screen size). It modi-
- fies the way <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> treats environment variables when determining the
- screen size.
+ The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> routine, if used, should be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
+ <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called (because those compute the screen size). It
+ modifies the way <EM>ncurses</EM> treats environment variables when determining
+ the screen size.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Normally <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> looks first at the terminal database for the
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Normally <EM>ncurses</EM> looks first at the terminal database for the
screen size.
- If <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> was called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> for parameter, it stops here un-
- less <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> was also called with <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> for parameter.
+ If <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> was called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> for parameter, it stops here
+ unless <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> was also called with <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> for parameter.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Then it asks for the screen size via operating system calls. If
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Then it asks for the screen size via operating system calls. If
successful, it overrides the values from the terminal database.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Finally (unless <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> was called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> parameter), <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
- examines the <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> or <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> environment variables, using a value
- in those to override the results from the operating system or ter-
- minal database.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Finally (unless <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> was called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> parameter), <EM>ncurses</EM>
+ examines the <EM>LINES</EM> or <EM>COLUMNS</EM> environment variables, using a value
+ in those to override the results from the operating system or
+ terminal database.
- <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> also updates the screen size in response to <STRONG>SIGWINCH</STRONG>, un-
- less overridden by the <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> or <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> environment variables,
+ <EM>curses</EM> also updates the screen size in response to <STRONG>SIGWINCH</STRONG>, unless
+ overridden by the <EM>LINES</EM> or <EM>COLUMNS</EM> environment variables,
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-use_tioctl">use_tioctl</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routine, if used, should be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
- <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called (because those compute the screen size). After
- <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> is called with <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> as an argument, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> modifies the
+ The <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routine, if used, should be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
+ <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> are called (because those compute the screen size). After
+ <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> is called with <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> as an argument, <EM>ncurses</EM> modifies the
last step in its computation of screen size as follows:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> checks if the <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> environment variables are set to a
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> checks if the <EM>LINES</EM> and <EM>COLUMNS</EM> environment variables are set to a
number greater than zero.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> for each, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> updates the corresponding environment variable
- with the value that it has obtained via operating system call or
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> for each, <EM>ncurses</EM> updates the corresponding environment variable
+ with the value that it has obtained via operating system call or
from the terminal database.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> re-fetches the value of the environment variables so that
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>ncurses</EM> re-fetches the value of the environment variables so that
it is still the environment variables which set the screen size.
- The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routines combine as summarized here:
-
- <EM>use</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>env</EM> <EM>use</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>tioctl</EM> <EM>Summary</EM>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- TRUE FALSE This is the default behavior. <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
- uses operating system calls unless over-
- ridden by $LINES or $COLUMNS environment
- variables.
- TRUE TRUE <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> updates $LINES and $COLUMNS
- based on operating system calls.
- FALSE TRUE <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> ignores $LINES and $COLUMNS, us-
- es operating system calls to obtain
- size.
- FALSE FALSE <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> relies on the terminal database
- to determine size.
-
-
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-putwin_getwin">putwin/getwin</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>putwin</STRONG> routine writes all data associated with window (or pad) <EM>win</EM>
- into the file to which <EM>filep</EM> points. This information can be later re-
- trieved using the <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> function.
-
- The <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> routine reads window related data stored in the file by
- <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>. The routine then creates and initializes a new window using
- that data. It returns a pointer to the new window. There are a few
+ The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routines combine as follows.
+
+ <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> <STRONG>Summary</STRONG>
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> This is the default behavior. <EM>ncurses</EM>
+ uses operating system calls unless
+ overridden by <EM>LINES</EM> or <EM>COLUMNS</EM>
+ environment variables; default.
+ <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> <EM>ncurses</EM> updates <EM>LINES</EM> and <EM>COLUMNS</EM> based
+ on operating system calls.
+ <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> <EM>ncurses</EM> ignores <EM>LINES</EM> and <EM>COLUMNS</EM>, using
+ operating system calls to obtain size.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-putwin_getwin">putwin, getwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>putwin</STRONG> routine writes all data associated with window (or pad) <EM>win</EM>
+ into the file to which <EM>filep</EM> points. This information can be later
+ retrieved using the <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> function.
+
+ The <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> routine reads window related data stored in the file by
+ <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>. The routine then creates and initializes a new window using
+ that data. It returns a pointer to the new window. There are a few
caveats:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> the data written is a copy of the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> structure, and its associ-
- ated character cells. The format differs between the wide-charac-
- ter (<STRONG>ncursesw</STRONG>) and non-wide (<STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>) libraries. You can transfer
- data between the two, however.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the data written is a copy of the <EM>WINDOW</EM> structure, and its
+ associated character cells. The format differs between the wide-
+ character (<EM>ncursesw</EM>) and non-wide (<EM>ncurses</EM>) libraries. You can
+ transfer data between the two, however.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> the retrieved window is always created as a top-level window (or
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the retrieved window is always created as a top-level window (or
pad), rather than a subwindow.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> the window's character cells contain the color pair <EM>value</EM>, but not
- the actual color <EM>numbers</EM>. If cells in the retrieved window use
- color pairs which have not been created in the application using
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the window's character cells contain the color pair <EM>value</EM>, but not
+ the actual color <EM>numbers</EM>. If cells in the retrieved window use
+ color pairs which have not been created in the application using
<STRONG>init_pair</STRONG>, they will not be colored when the window is refreshed.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-delay_output">delay_output</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG> routine inserts an <EM>ms</EM> millisecond pause in output.
- This routine should not be used extensively because padding characters
- are used rather than a CPU pause. If no padding character is speci-
- fied, this uses <STRONG>napms</STRONG> to perform the delay.
+ The <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG> routine inserts an <EM>ms</EM> millisecond pause in output.
+ Employ this function judiciously when terminal output uses padding,
+ because <EM>ncurses</EM> transmits null characters (consuming CPU and I/O
+ resources) instead of sleeping and requesting resumption from the
+ operating system. Padding is used unless:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the terminal description has <STRONG>npc</STRONG> (<STRONG>no_pad_char</STRONG>) capability, or
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the environment variable <STRONG>NCURSES_NO_PADDING</STRONG> is set.
+
+ If padding is not in use, <EM>ncurses</EM> uses <STRONG>napms</STRONG> to perform the delay. If
+ the value of <EM>ms</EM> exceeds 30,000 (thirty seconds), it is capped at that
+ value.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-flushinp">flushinp</a></H3><PRE>
Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
- X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this implementation
+ X/Open Curses does not specify any error conditions. In this
+ implementation
<STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>
returns an error if the terminal was not initialized.
<STRONG>putwin</STRONG>
- returns an error if the associated <STRONG>fwrite</STRONG> calls return an er-
- ror.
+ returns an error if the associated <STRONG>fwrite</STRONG> calls return an
+ error.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-filter">filter</a></H3><PRE>
- The SVr4 documentation describes the action of <STRONG>filter</STRONG> only in the
- vaguest terms. The description here is adapted from the XSI Curses
- standard (which erroneously fails to describe the disabling of <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>).
+ The SVr4 documentation describes the action of <STRONG>filter</STRONG> only in the
+ vaguest terms. The description here is adapted from X/Open Curses
+ (which erroneously fails to describe the disabling of <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>).
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-delay_output-padding">delay_output padding</a></H3><PRE>
+ The limitation to 30 seconds and the use of <STRONG>napms</STRONG> differ from other
+ implementations.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4 curses does not delay if no padding character is available.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD curses uses <STRONG>napms</STRONG> when no padding character is available,
+ but does not take timing into account when using the padding
+ character.
+
+ Neither limits the delay.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keyname">keyname</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> function may return the names of user-defined string capa-
- bilities which are defined in the terminfo entry via the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of
- <STRONG>tic</STRONG>. This implementation automatically assigns at run-time keycodes to
- user-defined strings which begin with "k". The keycodes start at
+ The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> function may return the names of user-defined string
+ capabilities which are defined in the terminfo entry via the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option
+ of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>. This implementation automatically assigns at run-time keycodes
+ to user-defined strings which begin with "k". The keycodes start at
KEY_MAX, but are not guaranteed to be the same value for different runs
because user-defined codes are merged from all terminal descriptions
which have been loaded. The <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">use_extended_names(3x)</A></STRONG> function controls
the library.
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nofilter_use_tioctl">nofilter
/use_tioctl</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routines are specific to <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. They
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nofilter_use_tioctl">nofilter
, use_tioctl</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> routines are specific to <EM>ncurses</EM>. They
were not supported on Version 7, BSD or System V implementations. It
- is recommended that any code depending on <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> extensions be condi-
- tioned using NCURSES_VERSION.
+ is recommended that any code depending on <EM>ncurses</EM> extensions be
+ conditioned using <STRONG>NCURSES_VERSION</STRONG>.
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-putwin_getwin
">putwin/getwin</a></H3><PRE>
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-putwin_getwin
-file-format">putwin/getwin file-format</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>putwin</STRONG> and <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> functions have several issues with portability:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The files written and read by these functions use an implementa-
- tion-specific format. Although the format is an obvious target for
- standardization, it has been overlooked.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The files written and read by these functions use an
+ implementation-specific format. Although the format is an obvious
+ target for standardization, it has been overlooked.
Interestingly enough, according to the copyright dates in Solaris
source, the functions (along with <STRONG>scr_init</STRONG>, etc.) originated with
1988) incorporated into SVr4. Oddly, there are no such functions
in the 4.3BSD curses sources.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Most implementations simply dump the binary <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> structure to the
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Most implementations simply dump the binary <EM>WINDOW</EM> structure to the
file. These include SVr4 curses, NetBSD and PDCurses, as well as
- older <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> versions. This implementation (as well as the X/Open
+ older <EM>ncurses</EM> versions. This implementation (as well as the X/Open
variant of Solaris curses, dated 1995) uses textual dumps.
The implementations which use binary dumps use block-I/O (the
file written using mixed schemes may not be successful.
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-unctrl_wunctrl">unctrl
/wunctrl</a></H3><PRE>
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions. It states
- that <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> and <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> will return a null pointer if unsuccessful, but
- does not define any error conditions. This implementation checks for
- three cases:
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-unctrl_wunctrl">unctrl
, wunctrl</a></H3><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses, Issue 4 describes these functions. It states that
+ <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> and <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> will return a null pointer if unsuccessful, but does
+ not define any error conditions. This implementation checks for three
+ cases:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the parameter is a 7-bit US-ASCII code. This is the case that
X/Open Curses documented.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the parameter is in the range 128-159, i.e., a C1 control code. If
- <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> has been called with a <STRONG>2</STRONG> parameter, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> re-
- turns the parameter, i.e., a one-character string with the parame-
- ter as the first character. Otherwise, it returns "~@", "~A",
- etc., analogous to "^@", "^A", C0 controls.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">use_legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG> has been called with a <STRONG>2</STRONG> parameter, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>
+ returns the parameter, i.e., a one-character string with the
+ parameter as the first character. Otherwise, it returns "~@",
+ "~A", etc., analogous to "^@", "^A", C0 controls.
X/Open Curses does not document whether <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> can be called before
initializing curses. This implementation permits that, and returns
The strings returned by <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> in this implementation are determined at
compile time, showing C1 controls from the upper-128 codes with a "~"
- prefix rather than "^". Other implementations have different conven-
- tions. For example, they may show both sets of control characters with
- "^", and strip the parameter to 7 bits. Or they may ignore C1 controls
- and treat all of the upper-128 codes as printable. This implementation
- uses 8 bits but does not modify the string to reflect locale. The
- <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> function allows the caller to change the output of
- <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>.
+ prefix rather than "^". Other implementations have different
+ conventions. For example, they may show both sets of control
+ characters with "^", and strip the parameter to 7 bits. Or they may
+ ignore C1 controls and treat all of the upper-128 codes as printable.
+ This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify the string to
+ reflect locale. The <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">use_legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG> function allows the caller
+ to change the output of <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>.
Likewise, the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">meta(3x)</A></STRONG> function allows the caller to change the output
of <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>, i.e., it determines whether to use the "M-" prefix for
- "meta" keys (codes in the range 128 to 255). Both <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG>
- and <STRONG>meta</STRONG> succeed only after curses is initialized. X/Open Curses does
- not document the treatment of codes 128 to 159. When treating them as
- "meta" keys (or if <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> is called before initializing curses), this
- implementation returns strings "M-^@", "M-^A", etc.
-
- X/Open Curses documents <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> as declared in <STRONG><unctrl.h></STRONG>, which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
- does. However, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>' <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> includes <STRONG><unctrl.h></STRONG>, matching the
+ "meta" keys (codes in the range 128 to 255). Both
+ <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">use_legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">meta(3x)</A></STRONG> succeed only after curses is
+ initialized. X/Open Curses does not document the treatment of codes
+ 128 to 159. When treating them as "meta" keys (or if <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> is called
+ before initializing curses), this implementation returns strings
+ "M-^@", "M-^A", etc.
+
+ X/Open Curses documents <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> as declared in <STRONG><unctrl.h></STRONG>, which <EM>ncurses</EM>
+ does. However, <EM>ncurses</EM>' <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> includes <STRONG><unctrl.h></STRONG>, matching the
behavior of SVr4 curses. Other implementations may not do that.
-</PRE><H3><a name="h3-use_env_use_tioctl">use_env
/use_tioctl</a></H3><PRE>
- If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is configured to provide the sp-functions extension, the
- state of <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> may be updated before creating each
- <EM>screen</EM> rather than once only (<STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>). This feature of
- <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> is not provided by other implementation of curses.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-use_env_use_tioctl">use_env
, use_tioctl</a></H3><PRE>
+ If <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured to provide the sp-functions extension, the
+ state of <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> and <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> may be updated before creating each
+ <EM>screen</EM> rather than once only (<STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>). This feature of
+ <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> is not provided by other implementations of curses.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_vari-</STRONG>
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">ables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>
-
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+
ncurses 6.4 2024-04-20 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-unctrl">unctrl</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-keyname_key_name">keyname/key_name</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-filter_nofilter">filter/nofilter</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-keyname_key_name">keyname, key_name</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-filter_nofilter">filter, nofilter</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-use_env">use_env</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-use_tioctl">use_tioctl</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-putwin_getwin">putwin/getwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-putwin_getwin">putwin, getwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-delay_output">delay_output</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-flushinp">flushinp</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-filter">filter</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-delay_output-padding">delay_output padding</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-keyname">keyname</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-nofilter_use_tioctl">nofilter/use_tioctl</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-putwin_getwin">putwin/getwin</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-unctrl_wunctrl">unctrl/wunctrl</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-use_env_use_tioctl">use_env/use_tioctl</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-nofilter_use_tioctl">nofilter, use_tioctl</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-putwin_getwin-file-format">putwin/getwin file-format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-unctrl_wunctrl">unctrl, wunctrl</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-use_env_use_tioctl">use_env, use_tioctl</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff