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+<H1 class="no-header">curs_window 3x 2024-04-20 ncurses 6.4 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>newwin</B>, <B>delwin</B>, <B>mvwin</B>, <B>subwin</B>, <B>derwin</B>, <B>mvderwin</B>, <B>dupwin</B>,
- <B>wsyncup</B>, <B>syncok</B>, <B>wcursyncup</B>, <B>wsyncdown</B> - create <B>curses</B>
- windows
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
-
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*newwin(int</B> <B>nlines,</B> <B>int</B> <B>ncols,</B> <B>int</B> <B>begin_y,</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>begin_x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>delwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*subwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*orig,</B> <B>int</B> <B>nlines,</B> <B>int</B> <B>ncols,</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>begin_y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>begin_x);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*derwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*orig,</B> <B>int</B> <B>nlines,</B> <B>int</B> <B>ncols,</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>begin_y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>begin_x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvderwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>par_y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>par_x);</B>
- <B>WINDOW</B> <B>*dupwin(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wsyncup(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>syncok(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>bool</B> <B>bf);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wcursyncup(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>wsyncdown(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- Calling <B>newwin</B> creates and returns a pointer to a new win-
- dow with the given number of lines and columns. The upper
- left-hand corner of the window is at line <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I>, column
- <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>. If either <I>nlines</I> or <I>ncols</I> is zero, they default
- to <B>LINES</B> <B>-</B> <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I> and <B>COLS</B> <B>-</B> <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>. A new full-screen
- window is created by calling <B>newwin(0,0,0,0)</B>.
-
- Calling <B>delwin</B> deletes the named window, freeing all mem-
- ory associated with it (it does not actually erase the
- window's screen image). Subwindows must be deleted before
- the main window can be deleted.
-
- Calling <B>mvwin</B> moves the window so that the upper left-hand
- corner is at position (<I>x</I>, <I>y</I>). If the move would cause the
- window to be off the screen, it is an error and the window
- is not moved. Moving subwindows is allowed, but should be
- avoided.
-
- Calling <B>subwin</B> creates and returns a pointer to a new win-
- dow with the given number of lines, <I>nlines</I>, and columns,
- <I>ncols</I>. The window is at position (<I>begin</I>_<I>y</I>, <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I>) on
- the screen. (This position is relative to the screen, and
- not to the window <I>orig</I>.) The window is made in the middle
- of the window <I>orig</I>, so that changes made to one window
- will affect both windows. The subwindow shares memory
- with the window <I>orig</I>. When using this routine, it is nec-
- essary to call <B>touchwin</B> or <B>touchline</B> on <I>orig</I> before call-
- ing <B>wrefresh</B> on the subwindow.
-
- Calling <B>derwin</B> is the same as calling <B>subwin,</B> except that
- <I>begin</I>_<I>y</I> and <I>begin</I>_<I>x</I> are relative to the origin of the win-
- dow <I>orig</I> rather than the screen. There is no difference
- between the subwindows and the derived windows.
-
- Calling <B>mvderwin</B> moves a derived window (or subwindow)
- inside its parent window. The screen-relative parameters
- of the window are not changed. This routine is used to
- display different parts of the parent window at the same
- physical position on the screen.
-
- Calling <B>dupwin</B> creates an exact duplicate of the window
- <I>win</I>.
-
- Calling <B>wsyncup</B> touches all locations in ancestors of <I>win</I>
- that are changed in <I>win</I>. If <B>syncok</B> is called with second
- argument <B>TRUE</B> then <B>wsyncup</B> is called automatically when-
- ever there is a change in the window.
-
- The <B>wsyncdown</B> routine touches each location in <I>win</I> that
- has been touched in any of its ancestor windows. This
- routine is called by <B>wrefresh</B>, so it should almost never
- be necessary to call it manually.
-
- The routine <B>wcursyncup</B> updates the current cursor position
- of all the ancestors of the window to reflect the current
- cursor position of the window.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> - create and manipulate <EM>curses</EM> windows
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- Routines that return an integer return the integer <B>ERR</B>
- upon failure and <B>OK</B> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value
- other than <B>ERR</B>") upon successful completion.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
- <B>delwin</B> returns the integer <B>ERR</B> upon failure and <B>OK</B> upon
- successful completion.
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newwin(</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*derwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvderwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*dupwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>syncok(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wcursyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncdown(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- Routines that return pointers return <B>NULL</B> on error.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
- If many small changes are made to the window, the <B>wsyncup</B>
- option could degrade performance.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-newwin">newwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>newwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
+ given number of lines and columns. The upper left-hand corner of the
+ window is at
+ line <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>,
+ column <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>
- Note that <B>syncok</B> may be a macro.
+ If either <EM>nlines</EM> or <EM>ncols</EM> is zero, they default to
+ <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
+ <STRONG>COLS</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>.
+ A new full-screen window is created by calling <STRONG>newwin(0,0,0,0)</STRONG>.
-</PRE>
-<H2>BUGS</H2><PRE>
- The subwindow functions (<I>subwin</I>, <I>derwin</I>, <I>mvderwin</I>, <B>wsyn-</B>
- <B>cup</B>, <B>wsyncdown</B>, <B>wcursyncup</B>, <B>syncok</B>) are flaky, incom-
- pletely implemented, and not well tested.
+ Regardless of the function used for creating a new window (e.g.,
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>), rather than a duplicate (with <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>),
+ all of the window modes are initialized to the default values. These
+ functions set window modes after a window is created:
- The System V curses documentation is very unclear about
- what <B>wsyncup</B> and <B>wsyncdown</B> actually do. It seems to imply
- that they are only supposed to touch exactly those lines
- that are affected by ancestor changes. The language here,
- and the behavior of the <B>curses</B> implementation, is pat-
- terned on the XPG4 curses standard. The weaker XPG4 spec
- may result in slower updates.
+ <STRONG>idcok</STRONG> <STRONG>idlok</STRONG> <STRONG>immedok</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> <STRONG>leaveok</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgdset</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgrndset</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>.
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
- tions.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-delwin">delwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> deletes the named window, freeing all memory associated
+ with it (it does not actually erase the window's screen image).
+ Subwindows must be deleted before the main window can be deleted.
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></B>
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG> moves the window so that the upper left-hand corner is at
+ position (<EM>x</EM>, <EM>y</EM>). If the move would cause the window to be off the
+ screen, it is an error and the window is not moved. Moving subwindows
+ is allowed, but should be avoided.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-subwin">subwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>subwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
+ given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>, and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>. The window is at
+ position (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>, <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>) on the screen. The subwindow shares memory
+ with the window <EM>orig</EM>, its <EM>ancestor</EM>, so that changes made to one window
+ will affect both windows. When using this routine, it is necessary to
+ call <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> before calling <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> on the
+ subwindow.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-derwin">derwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>derwin</STRONG> is the same as calling <STRONG>subwin,</STRONG> except that <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
+ <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM> are relative to the origin of the window <EM>orig</EM> rather than the
+ screen. There is no difference between the subwindows and the derived
+ windows.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG> moves a derived window (or subwindow) inside its
+ parent window. The screen-relative parameters of the window are not
+ changed. This routine is used to display different parts of the parent
+ window at the same physical position on the screen.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG> creates an exact duplicate of the window <EM>win</EM>.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></H3><PRE>
+ Calling <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> touches all locations in ancestors of <EM>win</EM> that are
+ changed in <EM>win</EM>. If <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> is called with second argument <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> then
+ <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> is called automatically whenever there is a change in the
+ window.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> routine touches each location in <EM>win</EM> that has been
+ touched in any of its ancestor windows. This routine is called by
+ <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wcursyncup">wcursyncup</a></H3><PRE>
+ The routine <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG> updates the current cursor position of all the
+ ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the
+ window.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ Routines that return an integer return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and
+ <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon
+ successful completion.
+ Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
+ X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation
+ <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
+ is the parent of another window.
+ <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
+ of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
+ window does not fit inside the parent window.
+ <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null.
+ This implementation also maintains a list of windows, and checks
+ that the pointer passed to <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is one that it created,
+ returning an error if it was not..
+ <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if some part of
+ the window would be placed off-screen.
+ <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
+ is really a pad, or if some part of the window would be placed
+ off-screen.
+ <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>
+ will fail if either of its beginning ordinates is negative, or if
+ either the number of lines or columns is negative.
+ <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is null.
+ <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
+ of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
+ window does not fit inside the parent window.
+ The functions which return a window pointer may also fail if there is
+ insufficient memory for its data structures. Any of these functions
+ will fail if the screen has not been initialized, i.e., with <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
+ <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
+ If many small changes are made to the window, the <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> option could
+ degrade performance.
+ Note that <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> may be a macro.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses, Issue 4 describes these functions.
+ X/Open Curses states regarding <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>:
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> It must delete subwindows before deleting their parent.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is asked to delete a parent window, it can only succeed
+ if the curses library keeps a list of the subwindows. SVr4 curses
+ kept a count of the number of subwindows rather than a list. It
+ simply returned <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> when asked to delete a subwindow. Solaris
+ X/Open curses does not even make that check, and will delete a
+ parent window which still has subwindows.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Since release 4.0 (1996), <EM>ncurses</EM> maintains a list of windows for
+ each screen, to ensure that a window has no subwindows before
+ allowing deletion.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD copied this feature of <EM>ncurses</EM> in 2003.
+ PDCurses follows the scheme used in Solaris X/Open curses.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
+ The subwindow functions <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, and <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> are flaky, incompletely implemented, and not
+ well tested.
+ System V's <EM>curses</EM> documentation is unclear about what <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> and
+ <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> actually do. It seems to imply that they are supposed to
+ touch only those lines that are affected by changes to a window's
+ ancestors. The language here, and behavior of <EM>ncurses</EM>, is patterned on
+ the X/Open Curses standard; this approach may result in slower updates.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ncurses 6.4 2024-04-20 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-newwin">newwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-delwin">delwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-subwin">subwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-derwin">derwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-wcursyncup">wcursyncup</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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