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+<H1 class="no-header">tput 1</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
+<STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>tput</B>, <B>reset</B> - initialize a terminal or query terminfo
+
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> - initialize a terminal or query terminfo
database
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <I>capname</I> [<I>parms</I> ... ]
- <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>init</B>
- <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>reset</B>
- <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>longname</B>
- <B>tput</B> <B>-S</B> <B><<</B>
- <B>tput</B> <B>-V</B>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <EM>capname</EM> [<EM>parameters</EM>]
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>init</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-V</STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- The <B>tput</B> utility uses the <B>terminfo</B> database to make the
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility uses the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to make the
values of terminal-dependent capabilities and information
- available to the shell (see <B><A HREF="sh.1.html">sh(1)</A></B>), to initialize or reset
+ available to the shell (see <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>), to initialize or reset
the terminal, or return the long name of the requested
- terminal type. <B>tput</B> outputs a string if the attribute
- (<I>cap</I>ability <I>name</I>) is of type string, or an integer if the
- attribute is of type integer. If the attribute is of type
- boolean, <B>tput</B> simply sets the exit code (<B>0</B> for TRUE if the
- terminal has the capability, <B>1</B> for FALSE if it does not),
- and produces no output. Before using a value returned on
- standard output, the user should test the exit code [<B>$?</B>,
- see <B><A HREF="sh.1.html">sh(1)</A></B>] to be sure it is <B>0</B>. (See the <B>EXIT</B> <B>CODES</B> and
- <B>DIAGNOSTICS</B> sections.) For a complete list of capabili-
- ties and the <I>capname</I> associated with each, see <B>ter-</B>
- <B><A HREF="minfo.5.html">minfo(5)</A></B>.
-
- <B>-T</B><I>type</I> indicates the <I>type</I> of terminal. Normally this
+ terminal type. The result depends upon the capability's
+ type:
+
+ string
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the string to the standard output. No
+ trailing newline is supplied.
+
+ integer
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the decimal value to the standard out-
+ put, with a trailing newline.
+
+ boolean
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> simply sets the exit code (<STRONG>0</STRONG> for TRUE if the
+ terminal has the capability, <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE if it
+ does not), and writes nothing to the standard out-
+ put.
+
+ Before using a value returned on the standard output, the
+ application should test the exit code (e.g., <STRONG>$?</STRONG>, see
+ <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>) to be sure it is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. (See the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> and <STRONG>DIAG-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>NOSTICS</STRONG> sections.) For a complete list of capabilities
+ and the <EM>capname</EM> associated with each, see <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Options">Options</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> indicates the <EM>type</EM> of terminal. Normally this
option is unnecessary, because the default is taken
- from the environment variable <B>TERM</B>. If <B>-T</B> is spec-
- ified, then the shell variables <B>LINES</B> and <B>COLUMNS</B>
- will be ignored,and the operating system will not
- be queried for the actual screen size.
-
- <I>capname</I>
- indicates the attribute from the <B>terminfo</B> database.
- When <B>termcap</B> support is compiled in, the <B>termcap</B>
- name for the attribute is also accepted.
-
- <I>parms</I> If the attribute is a string that takes parameters,
- the arguments <I>parms</I> will be instantiated into the
- string. An all numeric argument will be passed to
- the attribute as a number.
-
- <B>-S</B> allows more than one capability per invocation of
- <B>tput</B>. The capabilities must be passed to <B>tput</B> from
+ from the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. If <STRONG>-T</STRONG> is spec-
+ ified, then the shell variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
+ will also be ignored.
+
+ <STRONG>-S</STRONG> allows more than one capability per invocation of
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. The capabilities must be passed to <STRONG>tput</STRONG> from
the standard input instead of from the command line
- (see example). Only one <I>capname</I> is allowed per
- line. The <B>-S</B> option changes the meaning of the <B>0</B>
- and <B>1</B> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT
+ (see example). Only one <EM>capname</EM> is allowed per
+ line. The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option changes the meaning of the <STRONG>0</STRONG>
+ and <STRONG>1</STRONG> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT
CODES section).
- <B>-V</B> reports the version of ncurses which was used in
+ Again, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a table and the presence of param-
+ eters in its input to decide whether to use
+ <STRONG><A HREF="tparm.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG>, and how to interpret the parameters.
+
+ <STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of ncurses which was used in
this program, and exits.
- <B>init</B> If the <B>terminfo</B> database is present and an entry
- for the user's terminal exists (see <B>-T</B><I>type</I>, above),
- the following will occur: (1) if present, the ter-
- minal's initialization strings will be output (<B>is1</B>,
- <B>is2</B>, <B>is3</B>, <B>if</B>, <B>iprog</B>), (2) any delays (e.g., new-
- line) specified in the entry will be set in the tty
- driver, (3) tabs expansion will be turned on or off
- according to the specification in the entry, and
- (4) if tabs are not expanded, standard tabs will be
- set (every 8 spaces). If an entry does not contain
- the information needed for any of the four above
- activities, that activity will silently be skipped.
-
- <B>reset</B> Instead of putting out initialization strings, the
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Commands">Commands</a></H3><PRE>
+ <EM>capname</EM>
+ indicates the capability from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> data-
+ base. When <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> support is compiled in, the
+ <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> name for the capability is also accepted.
+
+ If the capability is a string that takes parame-
+ ters, the arguments following the capability will
+ be used as parameters for the string.
+
+ Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminfo
+ capabilities require string parameters; <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a
+ table to decide which to pass as strings. Normally
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses <STRONG><A HREF="tparm.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> to perform the substitution.
+ If no parameters are given for the capability, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
+ writes the string without performing the substitu-
+ tion.
+
+ <STRONG>init</STRONG> If the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database is present and an entry
+ for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>, above),
+ the following will occur:
+
+ (1) if present, the terminal's initialization
+ strings will be output as detailed in the <STRONG>ter-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">minfo(5)</A></STRONG> section on <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>,
+
+ (2) any delays (e.g., newline) specified in the
+ entry will be set in the tty driver,
+
+ (3) tabs expansion will be turned on or off
+ according to the specification in the entry,
+ and
+
+ (4) if tabs are not expanded, standard tabs will
+ be set (every 8 spaces).
+
+ If an entry does not contain the information needed
+ for any of these activities, that activity will
+ silently be skipped.
+
+ <STRONG>reset</STRONG> Instead of putting out initialization strings, the
terminal's reset strings will be output if present
- (<B>rs1</B>, <B>rs2</B>, <B>rs3</B>, <B>rf</B>). If the reset strings are not
+ (<STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG>). If the reset strings are not
present, but initialization strings are, the ini-
tialization strings will be output. Otherwise,
- <B>reset</B> acts identically to <B>init</B>.
+ <STRONG>reset</STRONG> acts identically to <STRONG>init</STRONG>.
- <B>longname</B>
- If the <B>terminfo</B> database is present and an entry
- for the user's terminal exists (see <B>-T</B><I>type</I> above),
+ <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
+ If the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database is present and an entry
+ for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> above),
then the long name of the terminal will be put out.
The long name is the last name in the first line of
- the terminal's description in the <B>terminfo</B> database
- [see <B><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></B>].
+ the terminal's description in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
+ [see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>].
- If <B>tput</B> is invoked by a link named <B>reset</B>, this has the
- same effect as <B>tput</B> <B>reset</B>. See <B>tset</B> for comparison, which
- has similar behavior.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></H3><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> handles the <STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands specially:
+ it allows for the possibility that it is invoked by a link
+ with those names.
-</PRE>
-<H2>EXAMPLES</H2><PRE>
- <B>tput</B> <B>init</B>
+ If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, this has the
+ same effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG> utility also
+ treats a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG> specially.
+
+ Before ncurses 6.1, the two utilities were different from
+ each other:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility reset the terminal modes and special
+ characters (not done with <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> On the other hand, <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s repertoire of terminal capa-
+ bilities for resetting the terminal was more limited,
+ i.e., only <STRONG>reset_1string</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG>
+ in contrast to the tab-stops and margins which are set
+ by this utility.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program is usually an alias for <STRONG>tset</STRONG>,
+ because of this difference with resetting terminal
+ modes and special characters.
+
+ If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>init</STRONG>, this has the same
+ effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>. Again, you are less likely to use
+ that link because another program named <STRONG>init</STRONG> has a more
+ well-established use.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>
Initialize the terminal according to the type of ter-
- minal in the environmental variable <B>TERM</B>. This com-
- mand should be included in everyone's .profile after
- the environmental variable <B>TERM</B> has been exported, as
- illustrated on the <B><A HREF="profile.4.html">profile(4)</A></B> manual page.
-
- <B>tput</B> <B>-T5620</B> <B>reset</B>
- Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of
- terminal in the environmental variable <B>TERM</B>.
-
- <B>tput</B> <B>cup</B> <B>0</B> <B>0</B>
- Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <B>0</B>, column
- <B>0</B> (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known
+ minal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. This com-
+ mand should be included in everyone's .profile after
+ the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> has been exported, as
+ illustrated on the <STRONG>profile(5)</STRONG> manual page.
+
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T5620</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
+ Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of
+ terminal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG>
+ Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <STRONG>0</STRONG>, column
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known
as the "home" cursor position).
- <B>tput</B> <B>clear</B>
- Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current
- terminal.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
+ Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current termi-
+ nal.
- <B>tput</B> <B>cols</B>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
Print the number of columns for the current terminal.
- <B>tput</B> <B>-T450</B> <B>cols</B>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
Print the number of columns for the 450 terminal.
- <B>bold=`tput</B> <B>smso`</B> <B>offbold=`tput</B> <B>rmso`</B>
- Set the shell variables <B>bold</B>, to begin stand-out mode
- sequence, and <B>offbold</B>, to end standout mode sequence,
+ <STRONG>bold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>smso`</STRONG> <STRONG>offbold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>rmso`</STRONG>
+ Set the shell variables <STRONG>bold</STRONG>, to begin stand-out mode
+ sequence, and <STRONG>offbold</STRONG>, to end standout mode sequence,
for the current terminal. This might be followed by
- a prompt: <B>echo</B> <B>"${bold}Please</B> <B>type</B> <B>in</B> <B>your</B> <B>name:</B>
- <B>${offbold}\c"</B>
+ a prompt: <STRONG>echo</STRONG> <STRONG>"${bold}Please</STRONG> <STRONG>type</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>your</STRONG> <STRONG>name:</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>${offbold}\c"</STRONG>
- <B>tput</B> <B>hc</B>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG>
Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is
a hard copy terminal.
- <B>tput</B> <B>cup</B> <B>23</B> <B>4</B>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>23</STRONG> <STRONG>4</STRONG>
Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, col-
umn 4.
- <B>tput</B> <B>longname</B>
- Print the long name from the <B>terminfo</B> database for
- the type of terminal specified in the environmental
- variable <B>TERM</B>.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG>
+ Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no
+ parameters substituted.
- <B>tput</B> <B>-S</B> <B><<!</B>
- <B>></B> <B>clear</B>
- <B>></B> <B>cup</B> <B>10</B> <B>10</B>
- <B>></B> <B>bold</B>
- <B>></B> <B>!</B>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
+ Print the long name from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database for
+ the type of terminal specified in the environmental
+ variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
- This example shows tput processing several capabili-
- ties in one invocation. This example clears the
- screen, moves the cursor to position 10, 10 and turns
- on bold (extra bright) mode. The list is terminated
- by an exclamation mark (<B>!</B>) on a line by itself.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<!</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>bold</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>!</STRONG>
+ This example shows <STRONG>tput</STRONG> processing several capabili-
+ ties in one invocation. It clears the screen, moves
+ the cursor to position 10, 10 and turns on bold
+ (extra bright) mode. The list is terminated by an
+ exclamation mark (<STRONG>!</STRONG>) on a line by itself.
-</PRE>
-<H2>FILES</H2><PRE>
- <B>/usr/share/terminfo</B>
- compiled terminal description database
-
- <B>/usr/include/curses.h</B>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B> header file
- <B>/usr/include/term.h</B>
- <B>terminfo</B> header file
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG>
+ compiled terminal description database
- <B>/usr/share/tabset/*</B>
+ <STRONG>/usr/share/tabset/*</STRONG>
tab settings for some terminals, in a format appro-
- priate to be output to the terminal (escape
- sequences that set margins and tabs); for more
- information, see the "Tabs and Initialization" sec-
- tion of <B><A HREF="terminfo.4.html">terminfo(4)</A></B>
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="stty.1.html">stty(1)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="tabs.5.html">tabs(5)</A></B>. <B><A HREF="profile.5.html">profile(5)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="terminfo.4.html">terminfo(4)</A></B> in
- the <I>System</I> <I>Administrator</I>'<I>s</I> <I>Reference</I> <I>Manual</I>. Chapter 10
- of the <I>Programmer</I>'<I>s</I> <I>Guide</I>.
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>EXIT CODES</H2><PRE>
- If <I>capname</I> is of type boolean, a value of <B>0</B> is set for
- TRUE and <B>1</B> for FALSE unless the <B>-S</B> option is used.
-
- If <I>capname</I> is of type string, a value of <B>0</B> is set if the
- <I>capname</I> is defined for this terminal <I>type</I> (the value of
- <I>capname</I> is returned on standard output); a value of <B>1</B> is
- set if <I>capname</I> is not defined for this terminal <I>type</I> (a
- null value is returned on standard output).
-
- If <I>capname</I> is of type boolean or string and the <B>-S</B> option
- is used, a value of <B>0</B> is returned to indicate that all
- lines were successful. No indication of which line failed
- can be given so exit code <B>1</B> will never appear. Exit codes
- <B>2</B>, <B>3</B>, and <B>4</B> retain their usual interpretation.
-
- If <I>capname</I> is of type integer, a value of <B>0</B> is always set,
- whether or not <I>capname</I> is defined for this terminal <I>type</I>.
- To determine if <I>capname</I> is defined for this terminal <I>type</I>,
- the user must test the value of standard output. A value
- of <B>-1</B> means that <I>capname</I> is not defined for this terminal
- <I>type</I>.
-
- Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOS-
+ priate to be output to the terminal (escape
+ sequences that set margins and tabs); for more
+ information, see the <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>, sec-
+ tion of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></H2><PRE>
+ If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is used, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> checks for errors from each
+ line, and if any errors are found, will set the exit code
+ to 4 plus the number of lines with errors. If no errors
+ are found, the exit code is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. No indication of which
+ line failed can be given so exit code <STRONG>1</STRONG> will never appear.
+ Exit codes <STRONG>2</STRONG>, <STRONG>3</STRONG>, and <STRONG>4</STRONG> retain their usual interpretation.
+ If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is not used, the exit code depends on the
+ type of <EM>capname</EM>:
+
+ <EM>boolean</EM>
+ a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set for TRUE and <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE.
+
+ <EM>string</EM> a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set if the <EM>capname</EM> is defined
+ for this terminal <EM>type</EM> (the value of <EM>capname</EM> is
+ returned on standard output); a value of <STRONG>1</STRONG> is
+ set if <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal
+ <EM>type</EM> (nothing is written to standard output).
+
+ <EM>integer</EM>
+ a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is always set, whether or not <EM>cap-</EM>
+ <EM>name</EM> is defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>. To
+ determine if <EM>capname</EM> is defined for this termi-
+ nal <EM>type</EM>, the user must test the value written
+ to standard output. A value of <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that
+ <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>.
+
+ <EM>other</EM> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> or <STRONG>init</STRONG> may fail to find their respective
+ files. In that case, the exit code is set to 4
+ + <STRONG>errno</STRONG>.
+
+ Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOS-
TICS section.
-</PRE>
-<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2><PRE>
- <B>tput</B> prints the following error messages and sets the cor-
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> prints the following error messages and sets the cor-
responding exit codes.
exit code error message
---------------------------------------------------------------------
- <B>0</B> (<I>capname</I> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
- the <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B> database for this terminal type, e.g.
- <B>tput</B> <B>-T450</B> <B>lines</B> and <B>tput</B> <B>-T2621</B> <B>xmc</B>)
- <B>1</B> no error message is printed, see the <B>EXIT</B> <B>CODES</B> section.
- <B>2</B> usage error
- <B>3</B> unknown terminal <I>type</I> or no <B>terminfo</B> database
- <B>4</B> unknown <B>terminfo</B> capability <I>capname</I>
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> (<EM>capname</EM> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
+ the <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> database for this terminal type, e.g.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T2621</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG>)
+ <STRONG>1</STRONG> no error message is printed, see the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> section.
+ <STRONG>2</STRONG> usage error
+ <STRONG>3</STRONG> unknown terminal <EM>type</EM> or no <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
+ <STRONG>4</STRONG> unknown <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> capability <EM>capname</EM>
+ <STRONG>>4</STRONG> error occurred in -S
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The <B>longname</B> and <B>-S</B> options, and the parameter-substitu-
- tion features used in the <B>cup</B> example, are not supported
- in BSD curses or in AT&T/USL curses before SVr4.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The ini-
+ tial version only cleared the screen.
+
+ AT&T System V provided a different <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command, whose
+ <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> subcommands (more than half the program)
+ were incorporated from the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> feature of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> writ-
+ ten by Eric Allman. Later the corresponding source code
+ for <EM>reset</EM> was removed from the BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> (in June 1993,
+ released in 4.4BSD-Lite a year later).
+
+ Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command in 1989 with a
+ new implementation based on the AT&T System V program
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. Like the AT&T program, Bostic's version accepted
+ some parameters named for <EM>terminfo</EM> <EM>capabilities</EM> (<STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>). However (because he had only
+ termcap available), it accepted <EM>termcap</EM> <EM>names</EM> for other
+ capabilities. Also, Bostic's BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify the
+ terminal I/O modes as the earlier BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> had done.
+
+ At the same time, Bostic added a shell script named
+ "clear", which used <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to clear the screen.
+
+ Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern"
+ BSD implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ This implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differs from AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> in two
+ important areas:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> writes to the standard output. That need
+ not be a regular terminal. However, the subcommands
+ which manipulate terminal modes may not use the stan-
+ dard output.
+
+ The AT&T implementation's <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands use
+ the BSD (4.1c) <STRONG>tset</STRONG> source, which manipulates terminal
+ modes. It successively tries standard output, stan-
+ dard error, standard input before falling back to
+ "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd terminal.
+ When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
+
+ Until changes made after ncurses 6.0, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not
+ modify terminal modes. <STRONG>tput</STRONG> now uses a similar
+ scheme, using functions shared with <STRONG>tset</STRONG> (and ulti-
+ mately based on the 4.4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG>). If it is not able
+ to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <STRONG>cron</STRONG>, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
+ will return an error.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> guesses the type of its <EM>capname</EM> operands by
+ seeing if all of the characters are numeric, or not.
+
+ Most implementations which provide support for <EM>capname</EM>
+ operands use the <EM>tparm</EM> function to expand parameters
+ in it. That function expects a mixture of numeric and
+ string parameters, requiring <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to know which type
+ to use.
+
+ This implementation uses a table to determine the
+ parameter types for the standard <EM>capname</EM> operands, and
+ an internal library function to analyze nonstandard
+ <EM>capname</EM> operands.
+
+ The <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>-S</STRONG> options, and the parameter-substitu-
+ tion features used in the <STRONG>cup</STRONG> example, were not supported
+ in BSD curses before 4.3reno (1989) or in AT&T/USL curses
+ before SVr4 (1988).
+
+ IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
+ 7 (POSIX.1-2008) documents only the operands for <STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. There are a few interesting observations
+ to make regarding that:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> In this implementation, <STRONG>clear</STRONG> is part of the <EM>capname</EM>
+ support. The others (<STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) do not corre-
+ spond to terminal capabilities.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Other implementations of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> on SVr4-based systems
+ such as Solaris, IRIX64 and HPUX as well as others
+ such as AIX and Tru64 provide support for <EM>capname</EM> op-
+ erands.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> A few platforms such as FreeBSD recognize termcap
+ names rather than terminfo capability names in their
+ respective <STRONG>tput</STRONG> commands. Since 2010, NetBSD's <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
+ uses terminfo names. Before that, it (like FreeBSD)
+ recognized termcap names.
+
+ Because (apparently) <EM>all</EM> of the certified Unix systems
+ support the full set of capability names, the reasoning
+ for documenting only a few may not be apparent.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differently, with
+ <EM>capname</EM> and the other features used in this implemen-
+ tation.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> That is, there are two standards for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>: POSIX (a
+ subset) and X/Open Curses (the full implementation).
+ POSIX documents a subset to avoid the complication of
+ including X/Open Curses and the terminal capabilities
+ database.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> While it is certainly possible to write a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program
+ without using curses, none of the systems which have a
+ curses implementation provide a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility which
+ does not provide the <EM>capname</EM> feature.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20161022).
+
+
+ <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Options">Options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Commands">Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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