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<H1 class="no-header">tput 1</H1>
<PRE>
-<STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
General Commands Manual <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility uses the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to make the values of ter-
- minal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell
+ The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility uses the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to make the values of
+ terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell
(see <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>), to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long
- name of the requested terminal type. The result depends upon the capa-
- bility's type:
+ name of the requested terminal type. The result depends upon the
+ capability's type:
string
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the string to the standard output. No trailing
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Options">Options</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>-S</STRONG> allows more than one capability per invocation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. The
capabilities must be passed to <STRONG>tput</STRONG> from the standard input
- instead of from the command line (see example). Only one <EM>cap-</EM>
- <EM>name</EM> is allowed per line. The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option changes the meaning of
- the <STRONG>0</STRONG> and <STRONG>1</STRONG> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT CODES
+ instead of from the command line (see example). Only one
+ <EM>capname</EM> is allowed per line. The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option changes the meaning
+ of the <STRONG>0</STRONG> and <STRONG>1</STRONG> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT CODES
section).
Because some capabilities may use <EM>string</EM> parameters rather than
input to decide whether to use <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG>, and how to interpret
the parameters.
- <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> indicates the <EM>type</EM> of terminal. Normally this option is unnec-
- essary, because the default is taken from the environment vari-
- able <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. If <STRONG>-T</STRONG> is specified, then the shell variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>
- and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> will also be ignored.
+ <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> indicates the <EM>type</EM> of terminal. Normally this option is
+ unnecessary, because the default is taken from the environment
+ variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. If <STRONG>-T</STRONG> is specified, then the shell variables
+ <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> will also be ignored.
<STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of ncurses which was used in this program,
and exits.
A few commands (<STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) are special; they are defined
by the <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program. The others are the names of <EM>capabilities</EM> from the
terminal database (see <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> for a list). Although <STRONG>init</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>reset</STRONG> resemble capability names, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses several capabilities to per-
- form these special functions.
+ <STRONG>reset</STRONG> resemble capability names, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses several capabilities to
+ perform these special functions.
<EM>capname</EM>
indicates the capability from the terminal database.
- If the capability is a string that takes parameters, the argu-
- ments following the capability will be used as parameters for
- the string.
+ If the capability is a string that takes parameters, the
+ arguments following the capability will be used as parameters
+ for the string.
Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminal capabilities
require string parameters; <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a table to decide which to
<STRONG>o</STRONG> ultimately "/dev/tty"
- to obtain terminal settings. Having retrieved these set-
- tings, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> remembers which file descriptor to use when
+ to obtain terminal settings. Having retrieved these
+ settings, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> remembers which file descriptor to use when
updating settings.
(2) if the window size cannot be obtained from the operating
system, but the terminal description (or environment, e.g.,
- <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> variables specify this), update the oper-
- ating system's notion of the window size.
+ <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> variables specify this), update the
+ operating system's notion of the window size.
(3) the terminal modes will be updated:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> reset any unset special characters to their default
values
- (2) Instead of putting out <EM>initialization</EM> strings, the termi-
- nal's <EM>reset</EM> strings will be output if present (<STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG>). If the <EM>reset</EM> strings are not present, but <EM>ini-</EM>
- <EM>tialization</EM> strings are, the <EM>initialization</EM> strings will be
- output.
+ (2) Instead of putting out <EM>initialization</EM> strings, the
+ terminal's <EM>reset</EM> strings will be output if present (<STRONG>rs1</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG>). If the <EM>reset</EM> strings are not present, but
+ <EM>initialization</EM> strings are, the <EM>initialization</EM> strings will
+ be output.
Otherwise, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> acts identically to <STRONG>init</STRONG>.
If the terminal database is present and an entry for the user's
terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> above), then the long name of the
terminal will be put out. The long name is the last name in the
- first line of the terminal's description in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> data-
- base [see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>].
+ first line of the terminal's description in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
+
database [see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>].
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></H3><PRE>
for the possibility that it is invoked by a link with those names.
If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, this has the same effect as
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG> utility also treats a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG> spe-
- cially.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG> utility also treats a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
+ specially.
Before ncurses 6.1, the two utilities were different from each other:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> On the other hand, <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s repertoire of terminal capabilities for
resetting the terminal was more limited, i.e., only <STRONG>reset_1string</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG> in contrast to the tab-stops and mar-
- gins which are set by this utility.
+ <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG> in contrast to the tab-stops and
+ margins which are set by this utility.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program is usually an alias for <STRONG>tset</STRONG>, because of this
difference with resetting terminal modes and special characters.
With the changes made for ncurses 6.1, the <EM>reset</EM> feature of the two
programs is (mostly) the same. A few differences remain:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> program waits one second when resetting, in case it hap-
- pens to be a hardware terminal.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> program waits one second when resetting, in case it
+ happens to be a hardware terminal.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The two programs write the terminal initialization strings to dif-
- ferent streams (i.e.,. the standard error for <STRONG>tset</STRONG> and the standard
- output for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The two programs write the terminal initialization strings to
+ different streams (i.e., the standard error for <STRONG>tset</STRONG> and the
+ standard output for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
- <STRONG>Note:</STRONG> although these programs write to different streams, redirect-
- ing their output to a file will capture only part of their actions.
- The changes to the terminal modes are not affected by redirecting
- the output.
+ <STRONG>Note:</STRONG> although these programs write to different streams,
+ redirecting their output to a file will capture only part of their
+ actions. The changes to the terminal modes are not affected by
+ redirecting the output.
If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>init</STRONG>, this has the same effect as
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>. Again, you are less likely to use that link because another
program named <STRONG>init</STRONG> has a more well-established use.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Size">Terminal Size</a></H3><PRE>
+ Besides the special commands (e.g., <STRONG>clear</STRONG>), tput treats certain
+ terminfo capabilities specially: <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>cols</STRONG>. tput calls
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">setupterm(3x)</A></STRONG> to obtain the terminal size:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> first, it gets the size from the terminal database (which generally
+ is not provided for terminal emulators which do not have a fixed
+ window size)
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> then it asks the operating system for the terminal's size (which
+ generally works, unless connecting via a serial line which does not
+ support <EM>NAWS</EM>: negotiations about window size).
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> finally, it inspects the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
+ which may override the terminal size.
+
+ If the <STRONG>-T</STRONG> option is given tput ignores the environment variables by
+ calling <STRONG>use_tioctl(TRUE)</STRONG>, relying upon the operating system (or
+ finally, the terminal database).
+
+
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>
- Initialize the terminal according to the type of terminal in the
- environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. This command should be included in
+ Initialize the terminal according to the type of terminal in the
+ environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. This command should be included in
everyone's .profile after the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> has been
exported, as illustrated on the <STRONG>profile(5)</STRONG> manual page.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T5620</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
- Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of terminal in
+ Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of terminal in
the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG>
Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <STRONG>0</STRONG>, column <STRONG>0</STRONG> (the upper
- left corner of the screen, usually known as the "home" cursor
+ left corner of the screen, usually known as the "home" cursor
position).
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
Print the number of columns for the 450 terminal.
<STRONG>bold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>smso`</STRONG> <STRONG>offbold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>rmso`</STRONG>
- Set the shell variables <STRONG>bold</STRONG>, to begin stand-out mode sequence,
- and <STRONG>offbold</STRONG>, to end standout mode sequence, for the current termi-
- nal. This might be followed by a prompt: <STRONG>echo</STRONG> <STRONG>"${bold}Please</STRONG> <STRONG>type</STRONG>
- <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>your</STRONG> <STRONG>name:</STRONG> <STRONG>${offbold}\c"</STRONG>
+ Set the shell variables <STRONG>bold</STRONG>, to begin stand-out mode sequence,
+ and <STRONG>offbold</STRONG>, to end standout mode sequence, for the current
+ terminal. This might be followed by a prompt: <STRONG>echo</STRONG> <STRONG>"${bold}Please</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>type</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>your</STRONG> <STRONG>name:</STRONG> <STRONG>${offbold}\c"</STRONG>
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG>
- Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is a hard copy
+ Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is a hard copy
terminal.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>23</STRONG> <STRONG>4</STRONG>
Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, column 4.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG>
- Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no parameters
+ Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no parameters
substituted.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
- Print the long name from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database for the type of
+ Print the long name from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database for the type of
terminal specified in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<!</STRONG>
<STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>bold</STRONG>
<STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>!</STRONG>
- This example shows <STRONG>tput</STRONG> processing several capabilities in one
- invocation. It clears the screen, moves the cursor to position
- 10, 10 and turns on bold (extra bright) mode. The list is termi-
- nated by an exclamation mark (<STRONG>!</STRONG>) on a line by itself.
+ This example shows <STRONG>tput</STRONG> processing several capabilities in one
+ invocation. It clears the screen, moves the cursor to position
+ 10, 10 and turns on bold (extra bright) mode. The list is
+ terminated by an exclamation mark (<STRONG>!</STRONG>) on a line by itself.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
compiled terminal description database
<STRONG>/usr/share/tabset/*</STRONG>
- tab settings for some terminals, in a format appropriate to be
- output to the terminal (escape sequences that set margins and
- tabs); for more information, see the <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>,
+ tab settings for some terminals, in a format appropriate to be
+ output to the terminal (escape sequences that set margins and
+ tabs); for more information, see the <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>,
section of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></H2><PRE>
If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is used, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> checks for errors from each line, and if
- any errors are found, will set the exit code to 4 plus the number of
- lines with errors. If no errors are found, the exit code is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. No
- indication of which line failed can be given so exit code <STRONG>1</STRONG> will never
- appear. Exit codes <STRONG>2</STRONG>, <STRONG>3</STRONG>, and <STRONG>4</STRONG> retain their usual interpretation. If
- the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is not used, the exit code depends on the type of <EM>cap-</EM>
- <EM>name</EM>:
+ any errors are found, will set the exit code to 4 plus the number of
+ lines with errors. If no errors are found, the exit code is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. No
+ indication of which line failed can be given so exit code <STRONG>1</STRONG> will never
+ appear. Exit codes <STRONG>2</STRONG>, <STRONG>3</STRONG>, and <STRONG>4</STRONG> retain their usual interpretation. If
+ the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is not used, the exit code depends on the type of
+ <EM>capname</EM>:
<EM>boolean</EM>
a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set for TRUE and <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE.
- <EM>string</EM> a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set if the <EM>capname</EM> is defined for this termi-
- nal <EM>type</EM> (the value of <EM>capname</EM> is returned on standard out-
- put); a value of <STRONG>1</STRONG> is set if <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this
- terminal <EM>type</EM> (nothing is written to standard output).
+ <EM>string</EM> a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set if the <EM>capname</EM> is defined for this
+ terminal <EM>type</EM> (the value of <EM>capname</EM> is returned on standard
+ output); a value of <STRONG>1</STRONG> is set if <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for
+ this terminal <EM>type</EM> (nothing is written to standard output).
<EM>integer</EM>
a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is always set, whether or not <EM>capname</EM> is defined
- for this terminal <EM>type</EM>. To determine if <EM>capname</EM> is defined
- for this terminal <EM>type</EM>, the user must test the value written
- to standard output. A value of <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that <EM>capname</EM> is not
+ for this terminal <EM>type</EM>. To determine if <EM>capname</EM> is defined
+ for this terminal <EM>type</EM>, the user must test the value written
+ to standard output. A value of <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that <EM>capname</EM> is not
defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>.
- <EM>other</EM> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> or <STRONG>init</STRONG> may fail to find their respective files. In
+ <EM>other</EM> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> or <STRONG>init</STRONG> may fail to find their respective files. In
that case, the exit code is set to 4 + <STRONG>errno</STRONG>.
Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOSTICS section.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> prints the following error messages and sets the corresponding
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> prints the following error messages and sets the corresponding
exit codes.
exit code error message
---------------------------------------------------------------------
- <STRONG>0</STRONG> (<EM>capname</EM> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
- the <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> database for this terminal type, e.g.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T2621</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG>)
+ <STRONG>0</STRONG> (<EM>capname</EM> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
+ the <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> database for this terminal type, e.g.
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-Thp2621</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG>)
<STRONG>1</STRONG> no error message is printed, see the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> section.
<STRONG>2</STRONG> usage error
<STRONG>3</STRONG> unknown terminal <EM>type</EM> or no <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The initial version
+ The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The initial version
only cleared the screen.
- AT&T System V provided a different <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command, whose <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
- subcommands (more than half the program) were incorporated from the
- <STRONG>reset</STRONG> feature of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> written by Eric Allman.
+ AT&T System V provided a different <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr2 provided a rudimentary <STRONG>tput</STRONG> which checked the parameter
+ against each predefined capability and returned the corresponding
+ value. This version of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not use <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> for the
+ capabilities which are parameterized.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr3 replaced that, a year later, by a more extensive program whose
+ <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> subcommands (more than half the program) were
+ incorporated from the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> feature of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> written by Eric
+ Allman.
- Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command in 1989 with a new implemen-
- tation based on the AT&T System V program <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. Like the AT&T program,
- Bostic's version accepted some parameters named for <EM>terminfo</EM> <EM>capabili-</EM>
- <EM>ties</EM> (<STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>). However (because he had only
- termcap available), it accepted <EM>termcap</EM> <EM>names</EM> for other capabilities.
- Also, Bostic's BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify the terminal I/O modes as the
- earlier BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> had done.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4 added color initialization using the <STRONG>orig_colors</STRONG> and <STRONG>orig_pair</STRONG>
+ capabilities in the <STRONG>init</STRONG> subcommand.
+
+ Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command in 1989 with a new
+ implementation based on the AT&T System V program <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. Like the AT&T
+ program, Bostic's version accepted some parameters named for <EM>terminfo</EM>
+ capabilities (<STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>). However (because he
+ had only <EM>termcap</EM> available), it accepted <EM>termcap</EM> names for other
+ capabilities. Also, Bostic's BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify the terminal I/O
+ modes as the earlier BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> had done.
At the same time, Bostic added a shell script named "clear", which used
<STRONG>tput</STRONG> to clear the screen.
- Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern" BSD implementa-
- tion of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>.
+ Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern" BSD
+ implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>.
This implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> began from a different source than AT&T or
BSD: Ross Ridge's <EM>mytinfo</EM> package, published on <EM>comp.sources.unix</EM> in
- December 1992. Ridge's program made more sophisticated use of the ter-
- minal capabilities than the BSD program. Eric Raymond used the <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
- program (and other parts of <EM>mytinfo</EM>) in ncurses in June 1995. Using
- the portions dealing with terminal capabilities almost without change,
- Raymond made improvements to the way the command-line parameters were
- handled.
+ December 1992. Ridge's program made more sophisticated use of the
+ terminal capabilities than the BSD program. Eric Raymond used that
+ <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program (and other parts of <EM>mytinfo</EM>) in ncurses in June 1995.
+ Using the portions dealing with terminal capabilities almost without
+ change, Raymond made improvements to the way the command-line
+ parameters were handled.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
areas:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> writes to the standard output. That need not be a
- regular terminal. However, the subcommands which manipulate termi-
- nal modes may not use the standard output.
+ regular terminal. However, the subcommands which manipulate
+ terminal modes may not use the standard output.
The AT&T implementation's <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands use the BSD
- (4.1c) <STRONG>tset</STRONG> source, which manipulates terminal modes. It succes-
- sively tries standard output, standard error, standard input before
- falling back to "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd termi-
- nal. When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
+ (4.1c) <STRONG>tset</STRONG> source, which manipulates terminal modes. It
+ successively tries standard output, standard error, standard input
+ before falling back to "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd
+ terminal. When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
Until changes made after ncurses 6.0, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify terminal
modes. <STRONG>tput</STRONG> now uses a similar scheme, using functions shared with
<STRONG>tset</STRONG> (and ultimately based on the 4.4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG>). If it is not able
- to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <STRONG>cron</STRONG>, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> will return an
- error.
+ to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <STRONG>cron(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> will return
+ an error.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> guesses the type of its <EM>capname</EM> operands by seeing if all
of the characters are numeric, or not.
Most implementations which provide support for <EM>capname</EM> operands use
- the <EM>tparm</EM> function to expand parameters in it. That function
+ the <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> function to expand parameters in it. That function
expects a mixture of numeric and string parameters, requiring <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
to know which type to use.
for the standard <EM>capname</EM> operands, and an internal library function
to analyze nonstandard <EM>capname</EM> operands.
- This implementation (unlike others) can accept both <EM>termcap</EM> and <EM>ter-</EM>
- <EM>minfo</EM> names for the <EM>capname</EM> feature, if <EM>termcap</EM> support is compiled in.
- However, the predefined <EM>termcap</EM> and <EM>terminfo</EM> names have two ambiguities
- in this case (and the <EM>terminfo</EM> name is assumed):
+ Besides providing more reliable operation than AT&T's utility, a
+ portability problem is introduced by this analysis: An OpenBSD
+ developer adapted the internal library function from ncurses to
+ port NetBSD's termcap-based <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to terminfo. That had been
+ modified to interpret multiple commands on a line. Portable
+ applications should not rely upon this feature; ncurses provides it
+ to support applications written specifically for OpenBSD.
+
+ This implementation (unlike others) can accept both <EM>termcap</EM> and
+ <EM>terminfo</EM> names for the <EM>capname</EM> feature, if <EM>termcap</EM> support is compiled
+ in. However, the predefined <EM>termcap</EM> and <EM>terminfo</EM> names have two
+ ambiguities in this case (and the <EM>terminfo</EM> name is assumed):
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>termcap</EM> name <STRONG>dl</STRONG> corresponds to the <EM>terminfo</EM> name <STRONG>dl1</STRONG> (delete
one line).
There are a few interesting observations to make regarding that:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> In this implementation, <STRONG>clear</STRONG> is part of the <EM>capname</EM> support. The
- others (<STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) do not correspond to terminal capabili-
- ties.
+ others (<STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) do not correspond to terminal
+ capabilities.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Other implementations of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> on SVr4-based systems such as
Solaris, IRIX64 and HPUX as well as others such as AIX and Tru64
2010, NetBSD's <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses terminfo names. Before that, it (like
FreeBSD) recognized termcap names.
+ Beginning in 2021, FreeBSD uses the ncurses <STRONG>tput</STRONG>, configured for
+ both terminfo (tested first) and termcap (as a fallback).
+
Because (apparently) <EM>all</EM> of the certified Unix systems support the full
- set of capability names, the reasoning for documenting only a few may
+ set of capability names, the reasoning for documenting only a few may
not be apparent.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differently, with <EM>capname</EM> and
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differently, with <EM>capname</EM> and
the other features used in this implementation.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> That is, there are two standards for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>: POSIX (a subset) and
- X/Open Curses (the full implementation). POSIX documents a subset
- to avoid the complication of including X/Open Curses and the termi-
- nal capabilities database.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> That is, there are two standards for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>: POSIX (a subset) and
+ X/Open Curses (the full implementation). POSIX documents a subset
+ to avoid the complication of including X/Open Curses and the
+ terminal capabilities database.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> While it is certainly possible to write a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program without
+ using curses, none of the systems which have a curses
+ implementation provide a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility which does not provide the
+ <EM>capname</EM> feature.
+
+ X/Open Curses Issue 7 (2009) is the first version to document
+ utilities. However that part of X/Open Curses does not follow existing
+ practice (i.e., Unix features documented in SVID 3):
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> It assigns exit code 4 to "invalid operand", which may be the same
+ as <EM>unknown</EM> <EM>capability</EM>. For instance, the source code for Solaris'
+ xcurses uses the term "invalid" in this case.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> It assigns exit code 255 to a numeric variable that is not
+ specified in the terminfo database. That likely is a documentation
+ error, confusing the <STRONG>-1</STRONG> written to the standard output for an
+ absent or cancelled numeric value versus an (unsigned) exit code.
+
+ The various Unix systems (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use the same exit-codes
+ as ncurses.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> While it is certainly possible to write a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program without
- using curses, none of the systems which have a curses implementa-
- tion provide a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility which does not provide the <EM>capname</EM> fea-
- ture.
+ NetBSD curses documents different exit codes which do not correspond to
+ either ncurses or X/Open.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
- This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20171118).
+ This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.3 (patch 20220724).
<li><a href="#h3-Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Size">Terminal Size</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li>
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff