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+ * Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
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* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
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-<H1>tset 1</H1>
-<HR>
+<H1 class="no-header">tset 1 2024-04-20 ncurses 6.4 User commands</H1>
<PRE>
-<STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
User commands <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tset</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> - terminal initialization
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tset</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> - initialize or reset terminal state
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tset</STRONG> [<STRONG>-IQVcqrsw</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-e</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-k</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>mapping</EM>]
- [<EM>terminal</EM>]
- <STRONG>reset</STRONG> [<STRONG>-IQVcqrsw</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-e</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-k</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>mapping</EM>]
- [<EM>terminal</EM>]
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>tset</STRONG> [<STRONG>-IQVcqrsw</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-e</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-k</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>mapping</EM>] [<EM>terminal-</EM>
+ <EM>type</EM>]
+ <STRONG>reset</STRONG> [<STRONG>-IQVcqrsw</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-e</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-k</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>] [<STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>mapping</EM>] [<EM>terminal-</EM>
+ <EM>type</EM>]
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>Tset</STRONG> initializes terminals. <STRONG>Tset</STRONG> first determines the
- type of terminal that you are using. This determination
- is done as follows, using the first terminal type found.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-tset----initialization"><EM>tset</EM> -- initialization</a></H3><PRE>
+ This program initializes terminals.
+
+ First, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> retrieves the current terminal mode settings for your
+ terminal. It does this by successively testing
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the standard error,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> standard output,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> standard input and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> ultimately "/dev/tty"
+
+ to obtain terminal settings. Having retrieved these settings, <STRONG>tset</STRONG>
+ remembers which file descriptor to use when updating settings.
+
+ Next, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> determines the type of terminal that you are using. This
+ determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found.
1. The <STRONG>terminal</STRONG> argument specified on the command line.
- 2. The value of the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> environmental variable.
-
- 3. (BSD systems only.) The terminal type associated with
- the standard error output device in the <EM>/etc/ttys</EM> file.
- (On System-V-like UNIXes and systems using that conven-
- tion, <EM>getty</EM> does this job by setting <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> according to the
- type passed to it by <EM>/etc/inittab</EM>.)
-
- 4. The default terminal type, "unknown".
-
- If the terminal type was not specified on the command-
- line, the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option mappings are then applied (see the
- section <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>TYPE</STRONG> <STRONG>MAPPING</STRONG> for more information).
- Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark
- ("?"), the user is prompted for confirmation of the termi-
- nal type. An empty response confirms the type, or,
- another type can be entered to specify a new type. Once
- the terminal type has been determined, the terminfo entry
- for the terminal is retrieved. If no terminfo entry is
- found for the type, the user is prompted for another ter-
- minal type.
-
- Once the terminfo entry is retrieved, the window size,
- backspace, interrupt and line kill characters (among many
- other things) are set and the terminal and tab initializa-
- tion strings are sent to the standard error output.
- Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters
- have changed, or are not set to their default values,
- their values are displayed to the standard error output.
- Use the <STRONG>-c</STRONG> or <STRONG>-w</STRONG> option to select only the window sizing
- versus the other initialization. If neither option is
- given, both are assumed.
-
- When invoked as <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> sets cooked and echo modes,
- turns off cbreak and raw modes, turns on newline transla-
- tion and resets any unset special characters to their
- default values before doing the terminal initialization
- described above. This is useful after a program dies
- leaving a terminal in an abnormal state. Note, you may
- have to type
-
- <STRONG><LF>reset<LF></STRONG>
-
- (the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the
- terminal to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in
- the abnormal state. Also, the terminal will often not
- echo the command.
+ 2. The value of the <EM>TERM</EM> environment variable.
- The options are as follows:
+ 3. (BSD systems only.) The terminal type associated with the standard
+ error output device in the <EM>/etc/ttys</EM> file. (On System V hosts and
+ systems using that convention, <STRONG>getty(8)</STRONG> does this job by setting <EM>TERM</EM>
+ according to the type passed to it by <EM>/etc/inittab</EM>.)
- <STRONG>-c</STRONG> Set control characters and modes.
+ 4. The default terminal type, "unknown", is not suitable for curses
+ applications.
- <STRONG>-e</STRONG> Set the erase character to <EM>ch</EM>.
+ If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the <STRONG>-m</STRONG>
+ option mappings are then applied; see subsection "Terminal Type
+ Mapping". Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark
+ ("?"), the user is prompted for confirmation of the terminal type. An
+ empty response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to
+ specify a new type. Once the terminal type has been determined, the
+ terminal description for the terminal is retrieved. If no terminal
+ description is found for the type, the user is prompted for another
+ terminal type.
- <STRONG>-I</STRONG> Do not send the terminal or tab initialization
- strings to the terminal.
+ Once the terminal description is retrieved,
- <STRONG>-i</STRONG> Set the interrupt character to <EM>ch</EM>.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> if the "<STRONG>-w</STRONG>" option is enabled, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> may update the terminal's
+ window size.
- <STRONG>-k</STRONG> Set the line kill character to <EM>ch</EM>.
+ If the window size cannot be obtained from the operating system,
+ but the terminal description (or environment, e.g., <EM>LINES</EM> and
+ <EM>COLUMNS</EM> variables specify this), use this to set the operating
+ system's notion of the window size.
- <STRONG>-m</STRONG> Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal.
- See the section <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>TYPE</STRONG> <STRONG>MAPPING</STRONG> for more infor-
- mation.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> if the "<STRONG>-c</STRONG>" option is enabled, the backspace, interrupt and line
+ kill characters (among many other things) are set
- <STRONG>-Q</STRONG> Do not display any values for the erase, interrupt
- and line kill characters. Normally <STRONG>tset</STRONG> displays the
- values for control characters which differ from the
- system's default values.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> unless the "<STRONG>-I</STRONG>" option is enabled, the terminal and tab
+ <EM>initialization</EM> strings are sent to the standard error output, and
+ <STRONG>tset</STRONG> waits one second (in case a hardware reset was issued).
- <STRONG>-q</STRONG> The terminal type is displayed to the standard out-
- put, and the terminal is not initialized in any way.
- The option `-' by itself is equivalent but archaic.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters have
+ changed, or are not set to their default values, their values are
+ displayed to the standard error output.
- <STRONG>-r</STRONG> Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
- <STRONG>-s</STRONG> Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize
- the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> to the standard output.
- See the section <STRONG>SETTING</STRONG> <STRONG>THE</STRONG> <STRONG>ENVIRONMENT</STRONG> for details.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-reset----reinitialization"><EM>reset</EM> -- reinitialization</a></H3><PRE>
+ When invoked as <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> sets the terminal modes to "sane" values:
- <STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of ncurses which was used in this
- program, and exits.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> sets cooked and echo modes,
- <STRONG>-w</STRONG> Resize the window to match the size deduced via
- <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>. Normally this has no effect, unless
- <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> is not able to detect the window size.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> turns off cbreak and raw modes,
- The arguments for the <STRONG>-e</STRONG>, <STRONG>-i</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-k</STRONG> options may either be
- entered as actual characters or by using the `hat' nota-
- tion, i.e., control-h may be specified as "^H" or "^h".
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> turns on newline translation and
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> resets any unset special characters to their default values
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-SETTING-THE-ENVIRONMENT">SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
- It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and
- information about the terminal's capabilities into the
- shell's environment. This is done using the <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option.
-
- When the <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option is specified, the commands to enter the
- information into the shell's environment are written to
- the standard output. If the <STRONG>SHELL</STRONG> environmental variable
- ends in "csh", the commands are for <STRONG>csh</STRONG>, otherwise, they
- are for <STRONG>sh</STRONG>. Note, the <STRONG>csh</STRONG> commands set and unset the
- shell variable <STRONG>noglob</STRONG>, leaving it unset. The following
- line in the <STRONG>.login</STRONG> or <STRONG>.profile</STRONG> files will initialize the
- environment correctly:
+ before doing the terminal initialization described above. Also, rather
+ than using the terminal <EM>initialization</EM> strings, it uses the terminal
+ <EM>reset</EM> strings.
+
+ The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> command is useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in
+ an abnormal state:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> you may have to type
+
+ <EM><LF></EM><STRONG>reset</STRONG><EM><LF></EM>
+
+ (the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal
+ to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal
+ state.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Setting-the-Environment">Setting the Environment</a></H3><PRE>
+ It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
+ the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment. This is done
+ using the <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option.
+
+ When the <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option is specified, the commands to enter the information
+ into the shell's environment are written to the standard output. If
+ the <EM>SHELL</EM> environment variable ends in "csh", the commands are for
+ <STRONG>csh(1)</STRONG>, otherwise, they are for <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>. The <EM>csh</EM> commands set and unset
+ the shell variable <STRONG>noglob</STRONG>, leaving it unset. The following line in the
+ <STRONG>.login</STRONG> or <STRONG>.profile</STRONG> files will initialize the environment correctly:
eval `tset -s options ... `
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-TERMINAL-TYPE-MAPPING">TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING</a></H2><PRE>
- When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the
- current system information is incorrect) the terminal type
- derived from the <EM>/etc/ttys</EM> file or the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> environmental
- variable is often something generic like <STRONG>network</STRONG>, <STRONG>dialup</STRONG>,
- or <STRONG>unknown</STRONG>. When <STRONG>tset</STRONG> is used in a startup script it is
- often desirable to provide information about the type of
- terminal used on such ports.
-
- The purpose of the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option is to map from some set of
- conditions to a terminal type, that is, to tell <STRONG>tset</STRONG> "If
- I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on
- that kind of terminal".
-
- The argument to the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option consists of an optional port
- type, an optional operator, an optional baud rate specifi-
- cation, an optional colon (":") character and a terminal
- type. The port type is a string (delimited by either the
- operator or the colon character). The operator may be any
- combination of ">", "<", "@", and "!"; ">" means greater
- than, "<" means less than, "@" means equal to and "!"
- inverts the sense of the test. The baud rate is specified
- as a number and is compared with the speed of the standard
- error output (which should be the control terminal). The
- terminal type is a string.
-
- If the terminal type is not specified on the command line,
- the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> mappings are applied to the terminal type. If the
- port type and baud rate match the mapping, the terminal
- type specified in the mapping replaces the current type.
- If more than one mapping is specified, the first applica-
- ble mapping is used.
-
- For example, consider the following mapping:
- <STRONG>dialup>9600:vt100</STRONG>. The port type is dialup , the operator
- is >, the baud rate specification is 9600, and the termi-
- nal type is vt100. The result of this mapping is to spec-
- ify that if the terminal type is <STRONG>dialup</STRONG>, and the baud rate
- is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of <STRONG>vt100</STRONG> will
- be used.
-
- If no baud rate is specified, the terminal type will match
- any baud rate. If no port type is specified, the terminal
- type will match any port type. For example, <STRONG>-m</STRONG>
- <STRONG>dialup:vt100</STRONG> <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <STRONG>:?xterm</STRONG> will cause any dialup port,
- regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal type vt100,
- and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type
- ?xterm. Note, because of the leading question mark, the
- user will be queried on a default port as to whether they
- are actually using an xterm terminal.
-
- No whitespace characters are permitted in the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option
- argument. Also, to avoid problems with meta-characters,
- it is suggested that the entire <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option argument be
- placed within single quote characters, and that <STRONG>csh</STRONG> users
- insert a backslash character ("\") before any exclamation
- marks ("!").
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Type-Mapping">Terminal Type Mapping</a></H3><PRE>
+ When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current
+ system information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the
+ <EM>/etc/ttys</EM> file or the <EM>TERM</EM> environment variable is often something
+ generic like <STRONG>network</STRONG>, <STRONG>dialup</STRONG>, or <STRONG>unknown</STRONG>. When <STRONG>tset</STRONG> is used in a
+ startup script it is often desirable to provide information about the
+ type of terminal used on such ports.
+
+ The <STRONG>-m</STRONG> options maps from some set of conditions to a terminal type,
+ that is, to tell <STRONG>tset</STRONG> "If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess
+ that I'm on that kind of terminal".
+
+ The argument to the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option consists of an optional port type, an
+ optional operator, an optional baud rate specification, an optional
+ colon (":") character and a terminal type. The port type is a string
+ (delimited by either the operator or the colon character). The
+ operator may be any combination of ">", "<", "@", and "!"; ">" means
+ greater than, "<" means less than, "@" means equal to and "!" inverts
+ the sense of the test. The baud rate is specified as a number and is
+ compared with the speed of the standard error output (which should be
+ the control terminal). The terminal type is a string.
+
+ If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, the <STRONG>-m</STRONG>
+ mappings are applied to the terminal type. If the port type and baud
+ rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified in the mapping
+ replaces the current type. If more than one mapping is specified, the
+ first applicable mapping is used.
+
+ For example, consider the following mapping: <STRONG>dialup>9600:vt100</STRONG>. The
+ port type is dialup , the operator is >, the baud rate specification is
+ 9600, and the terminal type is vt100. The result of this mapping is to
+ specify that if the terminal type is <STRONG>dialup</STRONG>, and the baud rate is
+ greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of <STRONG>vt100</STRONG> will be used.
+
+ If no baud rate is specified, the terminal type will match any baud
+ rate. If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any
+ port type. For example, <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <STRONG>dialup:vt100</STRONG> <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <STRONG>:?xterm</STRONG> will cause any
+ dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal type vt100,
+ and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type ?xterm. Note,
+ because of the leading question mark, the user will be queried on a
+ default port as to whether they are actually using an xterm terminal.
+
+ No whitespace characters are permitted in the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option argument.
+ Also, to avoid problems with meta-characters, it is suggested that the
+ entire <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option argument be placed within single quote characters, and
+ that <EM>csh</EM> users insert a backslash character ("\") before any
+ exclamation marks ("!").
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a></H2><PRE>
+ The options are as follows:
+ <STRONG>-c</STRONG> Set control characters and modes.
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> command appeared in BSD 3.0. The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> imple-
- mentation was lightly adapted from the 4.4BSD sources for
- a terminfo environment by Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyr-
- sus.com>.
+ <STRONG>-e</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>
+ Set the erase character to <EM>ch</EM>.
+ <STRONG>-I</STRONG> Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the
+ terminal.
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-COMPATIBILITY">COMPATIBILITY</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility has been provided for backward-compati-
- bility with BSD environments (under most modern UNIXes,
- <STRONG>/etc/inittab</STRONG> and <STRONG>getty(1)</STRONG> can set <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> appropriately for
- each dial-up line; this obviates what was <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s most
- important use). This implementation behaves like 4.4BSD
- tset, with a few exceptions specified here.
-
- The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option of BSD tset no longer works; it prints an
- error message to stderr and dies. The <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option only sets
- <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>, not <STRONG>TERMCAP</STRONG>. Both of these changes are because the
- <STRONG>TERMCAP</STRONG> variable is no longer supported under terminfo-
- based <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>, which makes <STRONG>tset</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> useless (we made it die
- noisily rather than silently induce lossage).
-
- There was an undocumented 4.4BSD feature that invoking
- tset via a link named `TSET` (or via any other name begin-
- ning with an upper-case letter) set the terminal to use
- upper-case only. This feature has been omitted.
-
- The <STRONG>-A</STRONG>, <STRONG>-E</STRONG>, <STRONG>-h</STRONG>, <STRONG>-u</STRONG> and <STRONG>-v</STRONG> options were deleted from the
- <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility in 4.4BSD. None of them were documented in
- 4.3BSD and all are of limited utility at best. The <STRONG>-a</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>-d</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-p</STRONG> options are similarly not documented or useful,
- but were retained as they appear to be in widespread use.
- It is strongly recommended that any usage of these three
- options be changed to use the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option instead. The <STRONG>-n</STRONG>
- option remains, but has no effect. The <STRONG>-adnp</STRONG> options are
- therefore omitted from the usage summary above.
-
- It is still permissible to specify the <STRONG>-e</STRONG>, <STRONG>-i</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-k</STRONG>
- options without arguments, although it is strongly recom-
- mended that such usage be fixed to explicitly specify the
- character.
-
- As of 4.4BSD, executing <STRONG>tset</STRONG> as <STRONG>reset</STRONG> no longer implies
- the <STRONG>-Q</STRONG> option. Also, the interaction between the - option
- and the <EM>terminal</EM> argument in some historic implementations
- of <STRONG>tset</STRONG> has been removed.
+ <STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>
+ Set the interrupt character to <EM>ch</EM>.
+ <STRONG>-k</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM>
+ Set the line kill character to <EM>ch</EM>.
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>mapping</EM>
+ Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal; see subsection
+ "Terminal Type Mapping".
+
+ <STRONG>-Q</STRONG> Do not display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill
+ characters. Normally <STRONG>tset</STRONG> displays the values for control
+ characters which differ from the system's default values.
+
+ <STRONG>-q</STRONG> The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the
+ terminal is not initialized in any way. The option "-" by itself
+ is equivalent but archaic.
+
+ <STRONG>-r</STRONG> Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
+
+ <STRONG>-s</STRONG> Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment
+ variable <EM>TERM</EM> to the standard output; see subsection "Setting the
+ Environment".
+
+ <STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of <EM>ncurses</EM> which was used in this program, and
+ exits.
+
+ <STRONG>-w</STRONG> Resize the window to match the size deduced via <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">setupterm(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ Normally this has no effect, unless <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> is not able to
+ detect the window size.
+
+ The arguments for the <STRONG>-e</STRONG>, <STRONG>-i</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-k</STRONG> options may either be entered as
+ actual characters or by using the "hat" notation, i.e., control-h may
+ be specified as "^H" or "^h".
+
+ If neither <STRONG>-c</STRONG> or <STRONG>-w</STRONG> is given, both options are assumed.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> command uses these environment variables:
- SHELL
- tells <STRONG>tset</STRONG> whether to initialize <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> using <STRONG>sh</STRONG> or <STRONG>csh</STRONG>
+ <EM>SHELL</EM>
+ tells <STRONG>tset</STRONG> whether to initialize <EM>TERM</EM> using <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG> or <STRONG>csh(1)</STRONG>
syntax.
- TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is
- distinct, though many are similar.
+ <EM>TERM</EM> Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is distinct,
+ though many are similar.
+
+ <EM>TERMCAP</EM>
+ may denote the location of a termcap database. If it is not an
+ absolute pathname, e.g., begins with a "/", <STRONG>tset</STRONG> removes the
+ variable from the environment before looking for the terminal
+ description.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
+ <EM>/etc/ttys</EM>
+ system port name to terminal type mapping database (BSD versions
+ only).
+
+ <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>
+ compiled terminal description database directory
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ Neither IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
+ (POSIX.1-2008) nor X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tset</STRONG> or <STRONG>reset</STRONG>.
- TERMCAP
- may denote the location of a termcap database. If it
- is not an absolute pathname, e.g., begins with a `/',
- <STRONG>tset</STRONG> removes the variable from the environment before
- looking for the terminal description.
+ The AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris) incorporated the terminal-
+ mode manipulation as well as termcap-based features such as resetting
+ tabstops from <STRONG>tset</STRONG> in BSD (4.1c), presumably with the intention of
+ making <STRONG>tset</STRONG> obsolete. However, each of those systems still provides
+ <STRONG>tset</STRONG>. In fact, the commonly-used <STRONG>reset</STRONG> utility is always an alias for
+ <STRONG>tset</STRONG>.
+ The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility provides backward compatibility with BSD environments;
+ under most modern Unices, <EM>/etc/inittab</EM> and <STRONG>getty(8)</STRONG> can set <EM>TERM</EM>
+ appropriately for each dial-up line, obviating what was <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s most
+ important use. This implementation behaves like 4.4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG>, with a
+ few exceptions we shall consider now.
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
- /etc/ttys
- system port name to terminal type mapping database
- (BSD versions only).
+ A few options are different because the <EM>TERMCAP</EM> variable is no longer
+ supported under terminfo-based <EM>ncurses</EM>:
- /usr/share/terminfo
- terminal capability database
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> no longer works; it prints an error
+ message to the standard error and dies.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>-s</STRONG> option only sets <EM>TERM</EM>, not <EM>TERMCAP</EM>.
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>csh(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>tty(4)</STRONG>,
- <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>ttys(5)</STRONG>, <STRONG>environ(7)</STRONG>
+ There was an undocumented 4.4BSD feature that invoking <STRONG>tset</STRONG> via a link
+ named "TSET" (or via any other name beginning with an upper-case
+ letter) set the terminal to use upper-case only. This feature has been
+ omitted.
+
+ The <STRONG>-A</STRONG>, <STRONG>-E</STRONG>, <STRONG>-h</STRONG>, <STRONG>-u</STRONG> and <STRONG>-v</STRONG> options were deleted from the <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility in
+ 4.4BSD. None of them were documented in 4.3BSD and all are of limited
+ utility at best. The <STRONG>-a</STRONG>, <STRONG>-d</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-p</STRONG> options are similarly not
+ documented or useful, but were retained as they appear to be in
+ widespread use. It is strongly recommended that any usage of these
+ three options be changed to use the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option instead. The <STRONG>-a</STRONG>, <STRONG>-d</STRONG>, and
+ <STRONG>-p</STRONG> options are therefore omitted from the usage summary above.
+
+ Very old systems, e.g., 3BSD, used a different terminal driver which
+ was replaced in 4BSD in the early 1980s. To accommodate these older
+ systems, the 4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> provided a <STRONG>-n</STRONG> option to specify that the new
+ terminal driver should be used. This implementation does not provide
+ that choice.
+
+ It is still permissible to specify the <STRONG>-e</STRONG>, <STRONG>-i</STRONG>, and <STRONG>-k</STRONG> options without
+ arguments, although it is strongly recommended that such usage be fixed
+ to explicitly specify the character.
+
+ As of 4.4BSD, executing <STRONG>tset</STRONG> as <STRONG>reset</STRONG> no longer implies the <STRONG>-Q</STRONG> option.
+ Also, the interaction between the - option and the <EM>terminal</EM> argument in
+ some historic implementations of <STRONG>tset</STRONG> has been removed.
- This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 5.9 (patch 20150215).
+ The <STRONG>-c</STRONG> and <STRONG>-w</STRONG> options are not found in earlier implementations.
+ However, a different window size-change feature was provided in 4.4BSD.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> In 4.4BSD, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> uses the window size from the termcap description
+ to set the window size if <STRONG>tset</STRONG> is not able to obtain the window
+ size from the operating system.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> In <EM>ncurses</EM>, <STRONG>tset</STRONG> obtains the window size using <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, which may
+ be from the operating system, the <EM>LINES</EM> and <EM>COLUMNS</EM> environment
+ variables or the terminal description.
- <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
+ Obtaining the window size from a terminal's type description is common
+ to both implementations, but considered obsolescent. Its only
+ practical use is for hardware terminals. Generally, the window size
+ will remain uninitialized only if there were a problem obtaining the
+ value from the operating system (and <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> would still fail). The
+ <EM>LINES</EM> and <EM>COLUMNS</EM> environment variables may thus be useful for working
+ around window-size problems, but have the drawback that if the window
+ is resized, their values must be recomputed and reassigned. The
+ <STRONG>resize(1)</STRONG> program distributed with <STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG> assists this activity.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
+ A <STRONG>reset</STRONG> command written by Kurt Shoens appeared in 1BSD (March 1978).
+ It set the <EM>erase</EM> and <EM>kill</EM> characters to <STRONG>^H</STRONG> (backspace) and <STRONG>@</STRONG>
+ respectively. Mark Horton improved this <STRONG>reset</STRONG> in 3BSD (October 1979),
+ adding <EM>intr</EM>, <EM>quit</EM>, <EM>start</EM>/<EM>stop</EM>, and <EM>eof</EM> characters as well as changing
+ the program to avoid modifying any user settings. That version of
+ <STRONG>reset</STRONG> did not use <EM>termcap</EM>.
+
+ Eric Allman wrote a distinct <STRONG>tset</STRONG> command for 1BSD, using a forerunner
+ of <EM>termcap</EM> called <EM>ttycap</EM>. Allman's comments in the source code
+ indicate that he began work in October 1977, continuing development
+ over the next few years. By late 1979, it had migrated to <EM>termcap</EM> and
+ handled the <EM>TERMCAP</EM> variable. Later comments indicate that <STRONG>tset</STRONG> was
+ modified in September 1980 to use logic copied from the 3BSD "reset"
+ program when it was invoked as <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. This version appeared in
+ 4.1cBSD, late in 1982. Other developers such as Keith Bostic and Jim
+ Bloom continued to modify <STRONG>tset</STRONG> until 4.4BSD was released in 1993.
+
+ The <EM>ncurses</EM> implementation was lightly adapted from the 4.4BSD sources
+ to use the <EM>terminfo</EM> API by Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>csh(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>tty(4)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>ttys(5)</STRONG>, <STRONG>environ(7)</STRONG>
+
+
+
+ncurses 6.4 2024-04-20 <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-SETTING-THE-ENVIRONMENT">SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-TERMINAL-TYPE-MAPPING">TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-COMPATIBILITY">COMPATIBILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-tset----initialization">tset -- initialization</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-reset----reinitialization">reset -- reinitialization</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Setting-the-Environment">Setting the Environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Type-Mapping">Terminal Type Mapping</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff