ncurses 6.5 - patch 20240518

[ncurses.git] / man / curs_color.3x

diff --git a/man/curs_color.3x b/man/curs_color.3x
index 6b1e5bac3d516c37626392c5a6faa45b0d1098e0..7a5a02f27de39a69cc34d015fe3e7cbbe1d33273 100644 (file)
--- a/man/curs_color.3x
+++ b/man/curs_color.3x
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"***************************************************************************

-.\" Copyright 2018-2022,2023 Thomas E. Dickey                                *
+.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey                                *

 .\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.                  *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
 .\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.                  *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *


@@ -27,17 +27,24 @@
 .\" authorization.                                                           *
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"
 .\" authorization.                                                           *
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"

-.\" $Id: curs_color.3x,v 1.82 2023/09/23 22:24:15 tom Exp $
-.TH curs_color 3X 2023-09-23 "ncurses 6.4" "Library calls"
-.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
-.el       .ds `` ``
-.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
-.el       .ds '' ''
+.\" $Id: curs_color.3x,v 1.100 2024/04/20 21:24:19 tom Exp $
+.TH curs_color 3X 2024-04-20 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.ds `` \(lq
+.ds '' \(rq
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.ie t .ds `` ``
+.el   .ds `` ""
+.ie t .ds '' ''
+.el   .ds '' ""
+.\}
+.

 .de bP
 .ie n  .IP \(bu 4
 .el    .IP \(bu 2
 ..
 .de bP
 .ie n  .IP \(bu 4
 .el    .IP \(bu 2
 ..

-.ds n 5
+.

 .SH NAME
 \fB\%start_color\fP,
 \fB\%has_colors\fP,
 .SH NAME
 \fB\%start_color\fP,
 \fB\%has_colors\fP,


@@ -52,74 +59,100 @@
 \fB\%extended_pair_content\fP,
 \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP,
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIR\fP,
 \fB\%extended_pair_content\fP,
 \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP,
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIR\fP,

-\fB\%PAIR_NUMBER\fP \-
+\fB\%PAIR_NUMBER\fP,
+\fB\%COLORS\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_BLACK\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_RED\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_GREEN\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_YELLOW\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_BLUE\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_MAGENTA\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_CYAN\fP,
+\fB\%COLOR_WHITE\fP \-

 manipulate terminal colors with \fIcurses\fR
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .nf
 manipulate terminal colors with \fIcurses\fR
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .nf

-\fB#include <curses.h>\fP
+\fB#include <curses.h>

 .PP
 .PP

-\fBint start_color(void);\fP
+\fI/* variables */
+\fBint COLOR_PAIRS;
+\fBint COLORS;

 .PP
 .PP

-\fBbool has_colors(void);\fP
-\fBbool can_change_color(void);\fP
+\fBint start_color(void);

 .PP
 .PP

-\fBint init_pair(short \fIpair\fB, short \fIf\fB, short \fIb\fB);\fR
-\fBint init_color(short \fIcolor\fB, short \fIr\fB, short \fIg\fB, short \fIb\fB);\fR
-\fI/* extensions */\fP
-\fBint init_extended_pair(int \fIpair\fB, int \fIf\fB, int \fIb\fB);\fR
-\fBint init_extended_color(int \fIcolor\fB, int \fIr\fB, int \fIg\fB, int \fIb\fB);\fR
+\fBbool has_colors(void);
+\fBbool can_change_color(void);

 .PP
 .PP

-\fBint color_content(short \fIcolor\fB, short *\fIr\fB, short *\fIg\fB, short *\fIb\fB);\fR
-\fBint pair_content(short \fIpair\fB, short *\fIf\fB, short *\fIb\fB);\fR
-\fI/* extensions */\fP
-\fBint extended_color_content(int \fIcolor\fB, int *\fIr\fB, int *\fIg\fB, int *\fIb\fB);\fR
-\fBint extended_pair_content(int \fIpair\fB, int *\fIf\fB, int *\fIb\fB);\fR
+\fBint init_pair(short \fIpair\fP, short \fIf\fP, short \fIb\fP);
+\fBint init_color(short \fIcolor\fP, short \fIr\fP, short \fIg\fP, short \fIb\fP);
+\fI/* extensions */
+\fBint init_extended_pair(int \fIpair\fP, int \fIf\fP, int \fIb\fP);
+\fBint init_extended_color(int \fIcolor\fP, int \fIr\fP, int \fIg\fP, int \fIb\fP);

 .PP
 .PP

-\fI/* extensions */\fP
-\fBvoid reset_color_pairs(void);\fP
+\fBint color_content(short \fIcolor\fP, short *\fIr\fP, short *\fIg\fP, short *\fIb\fP);
+\fBint pair_content(short \fIpair\fP, short *\fIf\fP, short *\fIb\fP);
+\fI/* extensions */
+\fBint extended_color_content(int \fIcolor\fP, int *\fIr\fP, int *\fIg\fP, int *\fIb\fP);
+\fBint extended_pair_content(int \fIpair\fP, int *\fIf\fP, int *\fIb\fP);

 .PP
 .PP

-\fBint COLOR_PAIR(int \fIn\fB);\fR
-\fBPAIR_NUMBER(\fIattrs\fB);\fR
+\fI/* extension */
+\fBvoid reset_color_pairs(void);
+.PP
+\fBint COLOR_PAIR(int \fIn\fP);
+\fBPAIR_NUMBER(int \fIattr\fP);

 .fi
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 .SS Overview
 .fi
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 .SS Overview

-\fIcurses\fP supports color attributes on terminals with that capability.
-To use these routines \fB\%start_color\fP must be called, usually right after
-\fB\%initscr\fP.
-Colors are always used in pairs (referred to as color-pairs).
-A color-pair consists of a foreground color (for characters) and a background
-color (for the blank field on which the characters are displayed).
-A programmer initializes a color-pair with the routine \fB\%init_pair\fP.
-After it has been initialized, \fB\%COLOR_PAIR\fP(\fIn\fP)
-can be used to convert the pair to a video attribute.
-.PP
-If a terminal is capable of redefining colors, the programmer can use the
-routine \fB\%init_color\fP to change the definition of a color.
-The routines \fB\%has_colors\fP and \fB\%can_change_color\fP
+\fIcurses\fP supports color attributes on terminals with that
+capability.
+Call \fB\%start_color\fP
+(typically right after \fB\%initscr\fP(3X))
+to enable this feature.
+Colors are always used in pairs.
+A
+.I "color pair"
+couples a foreground color for characters with a background color for
+the blank field on which characters are rendered.
+\fB\%init_pair\fP initializes a color pair.
+The macro \fB\%COLOR_PAIR\fP(\fIn\fP) can then convert the pair to a
+video attribute.
+.PP
+If a terminal has the relevant capability,
+\fB\%init_color\fP permits (re)definition of a color.
+\fB\%has_colors\fP and \fB\%can_change_color\fP

 return \fBTRUE\fP or \fBFALSE\fP,
 return \fBTRUE\fP or \fBFALSE\fP,

-depending on whether the terminal has color capabilities and whether the
+depending on whether the terminal has color capability and whether the

 programmer can change the colors.
 programmer can change the colors.

-The routine \fB\%color_content\fP allows a
-programmer to extract the amounts of red, green, and blue components in an
-initialized color.
-The routine \fB\%pair_content\fP allows a programmer to find
-out how a given color-pair is currently defined.
-.SS Color Rendering
-The \fIcurses\fP library combines these inputs to produce the
-actual foreground and background colors shown on the screen:
+\fB\%color_content\fP permits extraction of the
+red,
+green,
+and blue components of an initialized color.
+\fB\%pair_content\fP permits discovery of a color pair's current
+definition.
+.SS Rendering
+.I curses
+combines the following data to render a character cell.
+Any of them can include color information.

 .bP
 .bP

-per-character video attributes (e.g., via \fB\%waddch\fP),
+.I curses
+character attributes,
+as from \fB\%waddch\fP(3X) or \fB\%wadd_wch\fP(3X)

 .bP
 .bP

-the window attribute (e.g., by \fB\%wattrset\fP), and
+window attributes,
+as from \fB\%wattrset\fP(3X) or \fB\%wattr_set\fP(3X)

 .bP
 .bP

-the background character (e.g., \fB\%wbkgdset\fP).
+window background character attributes,
+as from \fB\%wbkgdset\fP(3X) or \fB\%wbkgrndset\fP(3X)

 .PP
 .PP

-Per-character and window attributes are usually set by a parameter containing
-video attributes including a color pair value.
-Some functions such as \fB\%wattr_set\fP use a separate parameter which
-is the color pair number.
+Per-character and window attributes are usually set through a function
+parameter containing attributes including a color pair value.
+Some functions,
+such as \fB\%wattr_set\fP,
+use a separate color pair number parameter.

 .PP
 .PP

-The background character is a special case: it includes a character value,
+The background character is a special case:
+it includes a character code,

 just as if it were passed to \fB\%waddch\fP.
 .PP
 The \fIcurses\fP library does the actual work of combining these color
 just as if it were passed to \fB\%waddch\fP.
 .PP
 The \fIcurses\fP library does the actual work of combining these color


@@ -172,8 +205,21 @@ There are no standard names for those additional colors.
 is initialized by \fB\%start_color\fP to the maximum number of colors
 the terminal can support.
 .SS COLOR_PAIRS
 is initialized by \fB\%start_color\fP to the maximum number of colors
 the terminal can support.
 .SS COLOR_PAIRS

-is initialized by \fB\%start_color\fP to the maximum number of color pairs
-the terminal can support.
+is initialized by \fB\%start_color\fP to the maximum number of color
+pairs the terminal can support.
+Often,
+its value is the product \fB\%COLORS\fP \(mu \fB\%COLORS\fP,
+but this is not always true.
+.bP
+A few terminals use the HLS color space
+(see \fB\%start_color\fP below),
+ignoring this rule;
+and
+.bP
+terminals supporting a large number of colors are limited to the number
+of color pairs that a
+.I "signed short"
+value can represent.

 .SH FUNCTIONS
 .SS start_color
 The \fB\%start_color\fP routine requires no arguments.
 .SH FUNCTIONS
 .SS start_color
 The \fB\%start_color\fP routine requires no arguments.


@@ -184,7 +230,7 @@ It is good practice to call this routine right after \fB\%initscr\fP.
 .bP
 It initializes two global variables, \fB\%COLORS\fP and
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP (respectively defining the maximum number of colors
 .bP
 It initializes two global variables, \fB\%COLORS\fP and
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP (respectively defining the maximum number of colors

-and color-pairs the terminal can support).
+and color pairs the terminal can support).

 .bP
 It initializes the special color pair \fB\%0\fP to the default foreground
 and background colors.
 .bP
 It initializes the special color pair \fB\%0\fP to the default foreground
 and background colors.


@@ -193,14 +239,14 @@ No other color pairs are initialized.
 It restores the colors on the terminal to the values
 they had when the terminal was just turned on.
 .bP
 It restores the colors on the terminal to the values
 they had when the terminal was just turned on.
 .bP

-If the terminal supports the \fBinitc\fP (\fB\%initialize_color\fP) capability,
+If the terminal supports the \fBinitc\fP \%(\fBinitialize_color\fP) capability,

 \fB\%start_color\fP
 initializes its internal table representing the
 red, green, and blue components of the color palette.
 .IP
 The components depend on whether the terminal uses
 CGA (aka \*(``ANSI\*('') or
 \fB\%start_color\fP
 initializes its internal table representing the
 red, green, and blue components of the color palette.
 .IP
 The components depend on whether the terminal uses
 CGA (aka \*(``ANSI\*('') or

-HLS (i.e., the \fBhls\fP (\fB\%hue_lightness_saturation\fP) capability is set).
+HLS (i.e., the \fBhls\fP \%(\fBhue_lightness_saturation\fP) capability is set).

 The table is initialized first for eight basic colors
 (black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white),
 using weights that depend upon the CGA/HLS choice.
 The table is initialized first for eight basic colors
 (black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white),
 using weights that depend upon the CGA/HLS choice.


@@ -221,10 +267,10 @@ An application may use \fB\%init_color\fP to alter the internal table
 along with the terminal's color.
 .PP
 These limits apply to color values and color pairs.
 along with the terminal's color.
 .PP
 These limits apply to color values and color pairs.

-Values outside these limits are not legal, and may result in a runtime error:
+Values outside these limits are not valid, and may result in a runtime error:

 .bP
 \fBCOLORS\fP corresponds to the terminal database's \fB\%max_colors\fP capability,
 .bP
 \fBCOLORS\fP corresponds to the terminal database's \fB\%max_colors\fP capability,

-(see \fB\%terminfo\fP(\*n)).
+(see \fB\%terminfo\fP(5)).

 .bP
 color values are expected to be in the range \fB0\fP to \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP,
 inclusive (including \fB0\fP and \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP).
 .bP
 color values are expected to be in the range \fB0\fP to \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP,
 inclusive (including \fB0\fP and \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP).


@@ -234,9 +280,9 @@ to denote the \fIdefault color\fP (see \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X)).
 .bP
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP corresponds to
 the terminal database's \fB\%max_pairs\fP capability,
 .bP
 \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP corresponds to
 the terminal database's \fB\%max_pairs\fP capability,

-(see \fB\%terminfo\fP(\*n)).
+(see \fB\%terminfo\fP(5)).

 .bP
 .bP

-legal color pair values are in the range \fB1\fP to \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\-1\fP,
+valid color pair values are in the range \fB1\fP to \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\-1\fP,

 inclusive.
 .bP
 color pair \fB0\fP is special; it denotes \*(``no color\*(''.
 inclusive.
 .bP
 color pair \fB0\fP is special; it denotes \*(``no color\*(''.


@@ -258,33 +304,34 @@ and can change their definitions;
 other, it returns \fBFALSE\fP.
 This routine facilitates writing terminal-independent programs.
 .SS init_pair
 other, it returns \fBFALSE\fP.
 This routine facilitates writing terminal-independent programs.
 .SS init_pair

-The \fB\%init_pair\fP routine changes the definition of a color-pair.
+The \fB\%init_pair\fP routine changes the definition of a color pair.

 It takes three arguments:
 It takes three arguments:

-the number of the color-pair to be changed, the foreground
+the number of the color pair to be changed, the foreground

 color number, and the background color number.
 For portable applications:
 .bP
 color number, and the background color number.
 For portable applications:
 .bP

-The first argument must be a legal color pair value.
+The first argument must be a valid color pair value.

 If default colors are used (see \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X))
 the upper limit is adjusted to allow for extra pairs which use
 a default color in foreground and/or background.
 .bP
 If default colors are used (see \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X))
 the upper limit is adjusted to allow for extra pairs which use
 a default color in foreground and/or background.
 .bP

-The second and third arguments must be legal color values.
+The second and third arguments must be valid color values.

 .PP
 .PP

-If the color-pair was previously initialized,
-the screen is refreshed and all occurrences of that color-pair
+If the color pair was previously initialized,
+the screen is refreshed and all occurrences of that color pair

 are changed to the new definition.
 .PP
 are changed to the new definition.
 .PP

-As an extension, ncurses allows you to set color pair \fB0\fP via
-the \fB\%assume_default_colors\fP(3X) routine, or to specify the use of
+As an extension,
+\fI\%ncurses\fP allows you to set color pair \fB0\fP via the
+\fB\%assume_default_colors\fP(3X) routine, or to specify the use of

 default colors (color number \fB\-1\fP) if you first invoke the
 \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X) routine.
 .SS init_extended_pair
 Because \fB\%init_pair\fP uses signed \fBshort\fPs for its parameters,
 default colors (color number \fB\-1\fP) if you first invoke the
 \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X) routine.
 .SS init_extended_pair
 Because \fB\%init_pair\fP uses signed \fBshort\fPs for its parameters,

-that limits color-pairs and color-values
+that limits color pairs and color-values

 to 32767 on modern hardware.
 The extension \fB\%init_extended_pair\fP uses \fBint\fPs
 to 32767 on modern hardware.
 The extension \fB\%init_extended_pair\fP uses \fBint\fPs

-for the color-pair and color-value,
+for the color pair and color-value,

 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS init_color
 The \fB\%init_color\fP routine changes the definition of a color.
 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS init_color
 The \fB\%init_color\fP routine changes the definition of a color.


@@ -292,7 +339,7 @@ It takes four arguments:
 the number of the color to be changed followed by three RGB values
 (for the amounts of red, green, and blue components).
 .bP
 the number of the color to be changed followed by three RGB values
 (for the amounts of red, green, and blue components).
 .bP

-The first argument must be a legal color value;
+The first argument must be a valid color value;

 default colors are not allowed here.
 (See the section \fB\%Colors\fP for the default color index.)
 .bP
 default colors are not allowed here.
 (See the section \fB\%Colors\fP for the default color index.)
 .bP


@@ -318,7 +365,7 @@ of \fBshort\fRs for storing
 the information about the amounts of red, green, and blue components in the
 given color.
 .bP
 the information about the amounts of red, green, and blue components in the
 given color.
 .bP

-The first argument must be a legal color value, i.e.,
+The first argument must be a valid color value, i.e.,

 \fB0\fP through \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP, inclusive.
 .bP
 The values that are stored at the addresses pointed to by the
 \fB0\fP through \fB\%COLORS\-1\fP, inclusive.
 .bP
 The values that are stored at the addresses pointed to by the


@@ -335,12 +382,12 @@ for returning the red, green, and blue components,
 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS pair_content
 The \fB\%pair_content\fP routine allows programmers to find out what colors a
 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS pair_content
 The \fB\%pair_content\fP routine allows programmers to find out what colors a

-given color-pair consists of.
-It requires three arguments: the color-pair
+given color pair consists of.
+It requires three arguments: the color pair

 number, and two addresses of \fBshort\fRs for storing the foreground and the
 background color numbers.
 .bP
 number, and two addresses of \fBshort\fRs for storing the foreground and the
 background color numbers.
 .bP

-The first argument must be a legal color value,
+The first argument must be a valid color value,

 i.e., in the range \fB1\fP through \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\-1\fP, inclusive.
 .bP
 The values that are stored at the addresses pointed
 i.e., in the range \fB1\fP through \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\-1\fP, inclusive.
 .bP
 The values that are stored at the addresses pointed


@@ -348,26 +395,28 @@ to by the second and third arguments are in the
 range \fB0\fP through \fB\%COLORS\fP, inclusive.
 .SS extended_pair_content
 Because \fB\%pair_content\fP uses signed \fBshort\fPs for its parameters,
 range \fB0\fP through \fB\%COLORS\fP, inclusive.
 .SS extended_pair_content
 Because \fB\%pair_content\fP uses signed \fBshort\fPs for its parameters,

-that limits color-pair and color-values to 32767 on modern hardware.
+that limits color pair and color-values to 32767 on modern hardware.

 The extension \fB\%extended_pair_content\fP uses \fBint\fPs
 for the color pair and
 for returning the foreground and background colors,
 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS reset_color_pairs
 The extension \fB\%extended_pair_content\fP uses \fBint\fPs
 for the color pair and
 for returning the foreground and background colors,
 allowing a larger number of colors to be supported.
 .SS reset_color_pairs

-The extension \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP tells ncurses to discard all
-of the color-pair information which was set with \fB\%init_pair\fP.
+The extension \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP tells \fI\%ncurses\fP to discard
+all of the color pair information which was set with \fB\%init_pair\fP.

 It also touches the current- and standard-screens, allowing an application to
 switch color palettes rapidly.
 It also touches the current- and standard-screens, allowing an application to
 switch color palettes rapidly.

-.SS PAIR_NUMBER
-\fB\%PAIR_NUMBER(\fIattrs\fR) extracts the color
-value from its \fIattrs\fP parameter and returns it as a color pair number.

 .SS COLOR_PAIR
 .SS COLOR_PAIR

-Its inverse \fB\%COLOR_PAIR(\fIn\fB)\fR converts a color pair number
-to an attribute.
+\fB\%COLOR_PAIR(\fIn\fB)\fR converts a color pair number to an
+attribute.

 Attributes can hold color pairs in the range 0 to 255.
 Attributes can hold color pairs in the range 0 to 255.

-If you need a color pair larger than that, you must use functions
-such as \fB\%attr_set\fP (which pass the color pair as a separate parameter)
+If you need a color pair larger than that,
+you must use functions such as \fB\%attr_set\fP
+(which pass the color pair as a separate parameter)

 rather than the legacy functions such as \fB\%attrset\fP.
 rather than the legacy functions such as \fB\%attrset\fP.

+.SS PAIR_NUMBER
+\fB\%PAIR_NUMBER(\fIattr\fR) extracts the color information from its
+\fIattr\fP parameter and returns it as a color pair number;
+it is the inverse operation of \fB\%COLOR_PAIR\fP.

 .SH RETURN VALUE
 The routines \fB\%can_change_color\fP and \fB\%has_colors\fP return \fBTRUE\fP
 or \fBFALSE\fP.
 .SH RETURN VALUE
 The routines \fB\%can_change_color\fP and \fB\%has_colors\fP return \fBTRUE\fP
 or \fBFALSE\fP.


@@ -414,7 +463,8 @@ from the terminal description.
 returns an error if the color table cannot be allocated.
 .RE
 .SH NOTES
 returns an error if the color table cannot be allocated.
 .RE
 .SH NOTES

-In the \fIncurses\fP implementation, there is a separate color activation flag,
+In the \fI\%ncurses\fP implementation,
+there is a separate color activation flag,

 color palette, color pairs table,
 and associated \fB\%COLORS\fP and \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP counts
 for each screen; the \fB\%start_color\fP function only affects the current
 color palette, color pairs table,
 and associated \fB\%COLORS\fP and \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP counts
 for each screen; the \fB\%start_color\fP function only affects the current


@@ -441,13 +491,55 @@ Paradise and compatibles) do the wrong thing when you try to set a bright
 \*(``yellow\*('' background (you get a blinking yellow foreground instead).
 .bP
 Color RGB values are not settable.
 \*(``yellow\*('' background (you get a blinking yellow foreground instead).
 .bP
 Color RGB values are not settable.

+.SH EXTENSIONS
+The functions marked as extensions were designed for
+\fB\%ncurses\fP(3X),
+and are not found in SVr4
+.IR curses ,
+4.4BSD
+.IR curses ,
+or any other previous curses implementation.
+.SH PORTABILITY
+Applications employing
+.I \%ncurses
+extensions should condition their use on the visibility of the
+.B \%NCURSES_VERSION
+preprocessor macro.
+.PP
+This implementation satisfies X/Open Curses's minimum maximums
+for \fB\%COLORS\fP and \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP.
+.PP
+The \fB\%init_pair\fP routine accepts negative values of foreground
+and background color to support the \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X) extension,
+but only if that routine has been first invoked.
+.PP
+The assumption that \fB\%COLOR_BLACK\fP is the default
+background color for all terminals can be modified using the
+\fB\%assume_default_colors\fP(3X) extension.
+.PP
+This implementation checks the pointers,
+e.g., for the values returned by
+\fB\%color_content\fP and \fB\%pair_content\fP,
+and will treat those as optional parameters when null.
+.PP
+X/Open Curses does not specify a limit for the number of colors and
+color pairs which a terminal can support.
+However, in its use of \fBshort\fP for the parameters,
+it carries over SVr4's implementation detail for the compiled
+terminfo database, which uses signed 16-bit numbers.
+This implementation provides extended versions of those functions
+which use \fBshort\fP parameters,
+allowing applications to use larger color- and pair-numbers.
+.PP
+The \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP function is an extension of
+\fI\%ncurses\fP.

 .SH HISTORY
 SVr3.2 introduced color support to curses in 1987.
 .PP
 SVr4 made internal changes,
 e.g., moving the storage for the color state
 .SH HISTORY
 SVr3.2 introduced color support to curses in 1987.
 .PP
 SVr4 made internal changes,
 e.g., moving the storage for the color state

-from \fBSP\fP (the \fBSCREEN\fP structure)
-to \fB\%cur_term\fP (the \fB\%TERMINAL\fP structure),
+from \fBSP\fP (the \fISCREEN\fP structure)
+to \fB\%cur_term\fP (the \fI\%TERMINAL\fP structure),

 but provided the same set of library functions.
 .PP
 SVr4 curses limits the number of color pairs to 64,
 but provided the same set of library functions.
 .PP
 SVr4 curses limits the number of color pairs to 64,


@@ -465,64 +557,33 @@ along with changing \fB\%chtype\fP from 16-bits to 32-bits.
 .bP
 X/Open Curses (1992-present)
 added a new structure \fB\%cchar_t\fP to store the character,
 .bP
 X/Open Curses (1992-present)
 added a new structure \fB\%cchar_t\fP to store the character,

-attributes and color-pair values, allowing increased range of color-pairs.
-Both color-pairs and color-values used a signed \fBshort\fP,
+attributes and color pair values, allowing increased range of color pairs.
+Both color pairs and color-values used a signed \fBshort\fP,

 limiting values to 15 bits.
 .bP
 limiting values to 15 bits.
 .bP

-ncurses (1992-present) uses eight bits for \fB\%A_COLOR\fP in \fB\%chtype\fP values.
+\fI\%ncurses\fP (1992-present) uses eight bits
+for \fB\%A_COLOR\fP in \fB\%chtype\fP values.

 .IP
 Version 5.3 provided a wide-character interface (2002),
 .IP
 Version 5.3 provided a wide-character interface (2002),

-but left color-pairs as part of the attributes-field.
+but left color pairs as part of the attributes-field.

 .IP
 Since version 6 (2015),
 .IP
 Since version 6 (2015),

-ncurses uses a separate \fBint\fP for color-pairs in the \fB\%cchar_t\fP values.
-When those color-pair values fit in 8 bits,
-ncurses allows color-pairs to be manipulated
+ncurses uses a separate \fBint\fP for color pairs in the \fB\%cchar_t\fP values.
+When those color pair values fit in 8 bits,
+ncurses allows color pairs to be manipulated

 via the functions using \fB\%chtype\fP values.
 .bP
 NetBSD curses used 6 bits from
 2000 (when colors were first supported) until 2004.
 At that point, NetBSD changed to use 10 bits.
 As of 2021, that size is unchanged.
 via the functions using \fB\%chtype\fP values.
 .bP
 NetBSD curses used 6 bits from
 2000 (when colors were first supported) until 2004.
 At that point, NetBSD changed to use 10 bits.
 As of 2021, that size is unchanged.

-Like ncurses before version 6,
-the NetBSD color-pair information is stored in
-the attributes field of \fB\%cchar_t\fP, limiting the number of color-pairs
+Like \fI\%ncurses\fP before version 6,
+the NetBSD color pair information is stored in
+the attributes field of \fB\%cchar_t\fP, limiting the number of color pairs

 by the size of the bitfield.
 by the size of the bitfield.

-.SH PORTABILITY
-.SS Extensions
-The functions marked as extensions were designed for \fBncurses\fP(3X),
-and are not found in SVr4 curses, 4.4BSD curses,
-or any other previous version of curses.
-.SS Standards
-This implementation satisfies XSI Curses's minimum maximums
-for \fB\%COLORS\fP and \fB\%COLOR_PAIRS\fP.
-.PP
-The \fB\%init_pair\fP routine accepts negative values of foreground
-and background color to support the \fB\%use_default_colors\fP(3X) extension,
-but only if that routine has been first invoked.
-.PP
-The assumption that \fB\%COLOR_BLACK\fP is the default
-background color for all terminals can be modified using the
-\fB\%assume_default_colors\fP(3X) extension.
-.PP
-This implementation checks the pointers,
-e.g., for the values returned by
-\fB\%color_content\fP and \fB\%pair_content\fP,
-and will treat those as optional parameters when null.
-.PP
-X/Open Curses does not specify a limit for the number of colors and
-color pairs which a terminal can support.
-However, in its use of \fBshort\fP for the parameters,
-it carries over SVr4's implementation detail for the compiled
-terminfo database, which uses signed 16-bit numbers.
-This implementation provides extended versions of those functions
-which use \fBshort\fP parameters,
-allowing applications to use larger color- and pair-numbers.
-.PP
-The \fB\%reset_color_pairs\fP function is an extension of ncurses.

 .SH SEE ALSO
 \fB\%curses\fP(3X),
 .SH SEE ALSO
 \fB\%curses\fP(3X),

-\fB\%curs_initscr\fP(3X),

 \fB\%curs_attr\fP(3X),
 \fB\%curs_attr\fP(3X),

+\fB\%curs_initscr\fP(3X),

 \fB\%curs_variables\fP(3X),
 \fB\%default_colors\fP(3X)
 \fB\%curs_variables\fP(3X),
 \fB\%default_colors\fP(3X)