.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
+.\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: curs_kernel.3x,v 1.13 2001/12/08 18:01:25 tom Exp $
-.TH curs_kernel 3X ""
+.\" $Id: curs_kernel.3x,v 1.61 2024/04/20 21:24:19 tom Exp $
+.TH curs_kernel 3X 2024-04-20 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.ds `` \(lq
+.ds '' \(rq
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.ie t .ds `` ``
+.el .ds `` ""
+.ie t .ds '' ''
+.el .ds '' ""
+.\}
+.
+.de bP
+.ie n .IP \(bu 4
+.el .IP \(bu 2
+..
.SH NAME
-\fBdef_prog_mode\fR, \fBdef_shell_mode\fR,
-\fBreset_prog_mode\fR, \fBreset_shell_mode\fR, \fBresetty\fR,
-\fBsavetty\fR, \fBgetsyx\fR, \fBsetsyx\fR, \fBripoffline\fR,
-\fBcurs_set\fR, \fBnapms\fR - low-level \fBcurses\fR routines
+\fB\%def_prog_mode\fP,
+\fB\%def_shell_mode\fP,
+\fB\%reset_prog_mode\fP,
+\fB\%reset_shell_mode\fP,
+\fB\%resetty\fP,
+\fB\%savetty\fP,
+\fB\%getsyx\fP,
+\fB\%setsyx\fP,
+\fB\%ripoffline\fP,
+\fB\%curs_set\fP,
+\fB\%napms\fP \-
+low-level \fIcurses\fR routines
.SH SYNOPSIS
-\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
-
-\fBint def_prog_mode(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBint def_shell_mode(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBint reset_prog_mode(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBint reset_shell_mode(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBint resetty(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBint savetty(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBvoid getsyx(int y, int x);\fR
-.br
-\fBvoid setsyx(int y, int x);\fR
-.br
-\fBint ripoffline(int line, int (*init)(WINDOW *, int));\fR
-.br
-\fBint curs_set(int visibility);\fR
-.br
-\fBint napms(int ms);\fR
-.br
+.nf
+\fB#include <curses.h>
+.PP
+\fBint def_prog_mode(void);
+\fBint def_shell_mode(void);
+.PP
+\fBint reset_prog_mode(void);
+\fBint reset_shell_mode(void);
+.PP
+\fBint resetty(void);
+\fBint savetty(void);
+.PP
+\fBvoid getsyx(int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP);
+\fBvoid setsyx(int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP);
+.PP
+\fBint ripoffline(int \fIline\fP, int (*\fIinit\fP)(WINDOW *, int));
+\fBint curs_set(int \fIvisibility\fP);
+\fBint napms(int \fIms\fP);
+.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
-The following routines give low-level access to various \fBcurses\fR
-capabilities. Theses routines typically are used inside library
-routines.
-
-The \fBdef_prog_mode\fR and \fBdef_shell_mode\fR routines save the
-current terminal modes as the "program" (in \fBcurses\fR) or "shell"
-(not in \fBcurses\fR) state for use by the \fBreset_prog_mode\fR and
-\fBreset_shell_mode\fR routines. This is done automatically by
-\fBinitscr\fR. There is one such save area for each screen context
-allocated by \fBnewterm()\fR.
-
-The \fBreset_prog_mode\fR and \fBreset_shell_mode\fR routines restore
-the terminal to "program" (in \fBcurses\fR) or "shell" (out of
-\fBcurses\fR) state. These are done automatically by \fBendwin\fR
-and, after an \fBendwin\fR, by \fBdoupdate\fR, so they normally are
-not called.
-
-The \fBresetty\fR and \fBsavetty\fR routines save and restore the
-state of the terminal modes. \fBsavetty\fR saves the current state in
-a buffer and \fBresetty\fR restores the state to what it was at the
-last call to \fBsavetty\fR.
-
-The \fBgetsyx\fR routine returns the current coordinates of the virtual screen
-cursor in \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR. If \fBleaveok\fR is currently \fBTRUE\fR, then
-\fB-1\fR,\fB-1\fR is returned. If lines have been removed from the top of the
-screen, using \fBripoffline\fR, \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR include these lines;
-therefore, \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR should be used only as arguments for
-\fBsetsyx\fR.
-
-The \fBsetsyx\fR routine sets the virtual screen cursor to
-\fIy\fR, \fIx\fR. If \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR are both \fB-1\fR, then
-\fBleaveok\fR is set. The two routines \fBgetsyx\fR and \fBsetsyx\fR
+The following routines give low-level access
+to various \fBcurses\fP capabilities.
+These routines typically are used inside library routines.
+.SS "def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode"
+The \fBdef_prog_mode\fP and \fBdef_shell_mode\fP routines save the
+current terminal modes as the \*(``program\*(''
+(in \fBcurses\fP) or \*(``shell\*(''
+(not in \fBcurses\fP) state for use by the \fBreset_prog_mode\fP and
+\fBreset_shell_mode\fP routines.
+This is done automatically by \fBinitscr\fP.
+There is one such save area for each screen context
+allocated by \fBnewterm\fP.
+.SS "reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode"
+The \fBreset_prog_mode\fP and \fBreset_shell_mode\fP routines restore
+the terminal to \*(``program\*('' (in \fBcurses\fP) or \*(``shell\*('' (out of
+\fBcurses\fP) state.
+These are done automatically by \fBendwin\fP(3X) and,
+after an \fBendwin\fP, by \fBdoupdate\fP,
+so they normally are not called.
+.SS "resetty, savetty"
+The \fBresetty\fP and \fBsavetty\fP routines save and restore the
+state of the terminal modes.
+\fBsavetty\fP saves the current state in
+a buffer and \fBresetty\fP restores the state to what it was at the
+last call to \fBsavetty\fP.
+.SS getsyx
+The \fBgetsyx\fP routine returns the current coordinates
+of the \fIvirtual screen\fP cursor in \fIy\fP and \fIx\fP.
+If \fBleaveok\fP is currently \fBTRUE\fP, then
+\fB\-1\fP,\fB\-1\fP is returned.
+If lines have been removed from the top of the
+screen, using \fBripoffline\fP, \fIy\fP and \fIx\fP include these lines;
+therefore, \fIy\fP and \fIx\fP should be used only as arguments for
+\fBsetsyx\fP.
+.PP
+Few applications will use this feature,
+most use \fBgetyx\fP instead.
+.SS setsyx
+The \fBsetsyx\fP routine sets
+the \fIvirtual screen\fP cursor to \fIy\fP, \fIx\fP.
+If \fIy\fP and \fIx\fP are both \fB\-1\fP, then
+\fBleaveok\fP is set.
+The two routines \fBgetsyx\fP and \fBsetsyx\fP
are designed to be used by a library routine, which manipulates
-\fBcurses\fR windows but does not want to change the current position
-of the program's cursor. The library routine would call \fBgetsyx\fR
+\fBcurses\fP windows but does not want to change the current position
+of the program's cursor.
+The library routine would call \fBgetsyx\fP
at the beginning, do its manipulation of its own windows, do a
-\fBwnoutrefresh\fR on its windows, call \fBsetsyx\fR, and then call
-\fBdoupdate\fR.
-
-The \fBripoffline\fR routine provides access to the same facility that
-\fBslk_init\fR [see \fBcurs_slk\fR(3X)] uses to reduce the size of the
-screen. \fBripoffline\fR must be called before \fBinitscr\fR or
-\fBnewterm\fR is called. If \fIline\fR is positive, a line is removed
-from the top of \fBstdscr\fR; if \fIline\fR is negative, a line is
-removed from the bottom. When this is done inside \fBinitscr\fR, the
-routine \fBinit\fR (supplied by the user) is called with two
-arguments: a window pointer to the one-line window that has been
-allocated and an integer with the number of columns in the window.
-Inside this initialization routine, the integer variables \fBLINES\fR
-and \fBCOLS\fR (defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR) are not guaranteed to be
-accurate and \fBwrefresh\fR or \fBdoupdate\fR must not be called. It
-is allowable to call \fBwnoutrefresh\fR during the initialization
-routine.
-
-\fBripoffline\fR can be called up to five times before calling \fBinitscr\fR or
-\fBnewterm\fR.
-
-The \fBcurs_set\fR routine sets the cursor state is set to invisible,
-normal, or very visible for \fBvisibility\fR equal to \fB0\fR,
-\fB1\fR, or \fB2\fR respectively. If the terminal supports the
-\fIvisibility\fR requested, the previous \fIcursor\fR state is
-returned; otherwise, \fBERR\fR is returned.
-
-The \fBnapms\fR routine is used to sleep for \fIms\fR milliseconds.
+\fBwnoutrefresh\fP on its windows, call \fBsetsyx\fP, and then call
+\fBdoupdate\fP.
+.PP
+Few applications will use this feature,
+most use \fBwmove\fP instead.
+.SS ripoffline
+.B \%ripoffline
+provides access to the same facility that \fB\%slk_init\fP(3X) uses to
+reduce the size of the screen.
+\fB\%ripoffline\fP must be called before \fBinitscr\fP or
+\fBnewterm\fP is called, to prepare these initial actions:
+.bP
+If \fIline\fP is positive, a line is removed from the top of \fBstdscr\fP.
+.bP
+if \fIline\fP is negative, a line is removed from the bottom.
+.PP
+When the resulting initialization is done inside \fBinitscr\fP, the
+routine \fBinit\fP (supplied by the user) is called with two
+arguments:
+.bP
+a window pointer to the one-line window that has been
+allocated and
+.bP
+an integer with the number of columns in the window.
+.PP
+Inside this initialization routine, the integer variables \fBLINES\fP
+and \fBCOLS\fP (defined in \fB<curses.h>\fP) are not guaranteed to be
+accurate and \fBwrefresh\fP or \fBdoupdate\fP must not be called.
+It is allowable to call \fBwnoutrefresh\fP during the initialization routine.
+.PP
+\fBripoffline\fP can be called up to five times before calling \fBinitscr\fP or
+\fBnewterm\fP.
+.SS curs_set
+The \fBcurs_set\fP routine sets the cursor state to invisible,
+normal, or very visible for \fBvisibility\fP equal to \fB0\fP,
+\fB1\fP, or \fB2\fP respectively.
+If the terminal supports the \fIvisibility\fP requested,
+the previous \fIcursor\fP state is returned;
+otherwise, \fBERR\fP is returned.
+.SS napms
+.B \%napms
+sleeps for
+.I ms
+milliseconds.
+If
+.I ms
+exceeds 30,000
+(thirty seconds),
+it is capped at that value.
.SH RETURN VALUE
-Except for \fBcurs_set\fR, these routines always return \fBOK\fR.
-\fBcurs_set\fR returns the previous cursor state, or \fBERR\fR if the
-requested \fIvisibility\fR is not supported.
+Except for \fBcurs_set\fP, these routines always return \fBOK\fP.
+.PP
+\fBcurs_set\fP
+returns the previous cursor state, or \fBERR\fP if the
+requested \fIvisibility\fP is not supported.
+.PP
+X/Open defines no error conditions.
+In this implementation
+.TP 5
+\fBdef_prog_mode\fP, \fBdef_shell_mode\fP, \fBreset_prog_mode\fP, \fBreset_shell_mode\fP
+return an error
+if the terminal was not initialized, or
+if the I/O call to obtain the terminal settings fails.
+.TP 5
+\fBripoffline\fP
+returns an error if the maximum number of ripped-off lines
+exceeds the maximum (5).
.SH NOTES
-Note that \fBgetsyx\fR is a macro, so \fB&\fR is not necessary before
-the variables \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR.
-
-Older SVr4 man pages warn that the return value of \fBcurs_set\fR "is currently
-incorrect". This implementation gets it right, but it may be unwise to count
+Note that \fBgetsyx\fP is a macro, so \fB&\fP is not necessary before
+the variables \fIy\fP and \fIx\fP.
+.PP
+Older SVr4 man pages warn that the return value
+of \fBcurs_set\fP \*(``is currently incorrect\*(''.
+This implementation gets it right, but it may be unwise to count
on the correctness of the return value anywhere else.
-
-Both ncurses and SVr4 will call \fBcurs_set\fR in \fBendwin\fR
-if \fBcurs_set\fR
+.PP
+Both \fI\%ncurses\fP and SVr4 will call \fBcurs_set\fP in \fBendwin\fP
+if \fBcurs_set\fP
has been called to make the cursor other than normal, i.e., either
invisible or very visible.
-There is no way for ncurses to determine the initial cursor state to
-restore that.
+There is no way for \fI\%ncurses\fP to determine the initial cursor
+state to restore that.
.SH PORTABILITY
-The functions \fBsetsyx\fR and \fBgetsyx\fR are not described in the XSI
-Curses standard, Issue 4. All other functions are as described in XSI Curses.
-
-The SVr4 documentation describes \fBsetsyx\fR and \fBgetsyx\fR as having return
-type int. This is misleading, as they are macros with no documented semantics
+The \fIvirtual screen\fP functions \fBsetsyx\fP and \fBgetsyx\fP
+are not described in X/Open Curses, Issue 4.
+All other functions are as described in X/Open Curses.
+.PP
+The SVr4 documentation describes \fBsetsyx\fP and \fBgetsyx\fP
+as having return type int.
+This is misleading, as they are macros with no documented semantics
for the return value.
+.PP
+If interrupted, \fI\%ncurses\fP restarts \fBnapms\fP.
+That, and the limitation to 30 seconds,
+are different from other implementations.
.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBcurses\fR(3X), \fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X), \fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X), \fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X),
-\fBcurs_scr_dump\fR(3X), \fBcurs_slk\fR(3X)
-.\"#
-.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
-.\"# Local Variables:
-.\"# mode:nroff
-.\"# fill-column:79
-.\"# End:
+\fB\%curses\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_initscr\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_outopts\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_refresh\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_scr_dump\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_slk\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_variables\fP(3X)
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