.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" Copyright 2018-2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey *
+.\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.55 2017/03/31 15:16:15 tom Exp $
+.\" $Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.74 2021/03/06 16:05:19 tom Exp $
.TH curs_terminfo 3X ""
.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
.el .ds `` ``
.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
.el .ds '' ''
.de bP
-.IP \(bu 4
+.ie n .IP \(bu 4
+.el .IP \(bu 2
..
.ds n 5
.na
\fBputp\fR,
\fBrestartterm\fR,
\fBset_curterm\fR,
-\fBsetterm\fR,
\fBsetupterm\fR,
\fBtigetflag\fR,
\fBtigetnum\fR,
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
-.br
\fB#include <term.h>\fR
.sp
\fBTERMINAL *cur_term;\fR
.sp
\fBint setupterm(const char *\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, int \fR\fIfiledes\fR\fB, int *\fR\fIerrret\fR\fB);\fR
.br
-\fBint setterm(const char *\fR\fIterm\fR\fB);\fR
-.br
\fBTERMINAL *set_curterm(TERMINAL *\fR\fInterm\fR\fB);\fR
.br
\fBint del_curterm(TERMINAL *\fR\fIoterm\fR\fB);\fR
.SH DESCRIPTION
These low-level routines must be called by programs that have to deal
directly with the \fBterminfo\fR database to handle certain terminal
-capabilities, such as programming function keys. For all other
+capabilities, such as programming function keys.
+For all other
functionality, \fBcurses\fR routines are more suitable and their use is
recommended.
+.PP
+None of these functions use (or are aware of) multibyte character strings
+such as UTF-8:
+.bP
+capability names use the POSIX portable character set
+.bP
+capability string values have no associated encoding;
+they are strings of 8-bit characters.
.SS Initialization
.PP
Initially, \fBsetupterm\fR should be called.
\fBlines\fR and \fBcolumns\fR specified in \fBterminfo\fR are used.
.bP
Otherwise, if the environment variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLUMNS\fR
-exist, their values are used. If these environment variables do not
+exist, their values are used.
+If these environment variables do not
exist and the program is running in a window, the current window size
-is used. Otherwise, if the environment variables do not exist, the
+is used.
+Otherwise, if the environment variables do not exist, the
values for \fBlines\fR and \fBcolumns\fR specified in the
\fBterminfo\fR database are used.
.PP
-Parameterized strings should be passed through \fBtparm\fR to instantiate them.
-All \fBterminfo\fR strings [including the output of \fBtparm\fR] should be printed
+Parameterized strings should be passed through \fBtparm\fR to instantiate them.
+All \fBterminfo\fR strings
+(including the output of \fBtparm\fR)
+should be printed
with \fBtputs\fR or \fBputp\fR.
Call \fBreset_shell_mode\fR to restore the
tty modes before exiting [see \fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X)].
.IP
If \fIerrret\fR is
null, \fBsetupterm\fR prints an error message upon finding an error
-and exits. Thus, the simplest call is:
+and exits.
+Thus, the simplest call is:
.sp
\fBsetupterm((char *)0, 1, (int *)0);\fR,
.sp
which uses all the defaults and sends the output to \fBstdout\fR.
.RE
-.PP
-The \fBsetterm\fR routine was replaced by \fBsetupterm\fR. The call:
-.sp
- \fBsetupterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, 1, (int *)0)\fR
-.sp
-provides the same functionality as \fBsetterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB)\fR.
-The \fBsetterm\fR routine is provided for BSD compatibility, and
-is not recommended for new programs.
.\" ***************************************************************************
.SS The Terminal State
.PP
It returns the old value of \fBcur_term\fR.
.PP
The \fBdel_curterm\fR routine frees the space pointed to by
-\fIoterm\fR and makes it available for further use. If \fIoterm\fR is
+\fIoterm\fR and makes it available for further use.
+If \fIoterm\fR is
the same as \fBcur_term\fR, references to any of the \fBterminfo\fR
boolean, numeric, and string variables thereafter may refer to invalid
memory locations until another \fBsetupterm\fR has been called.
.bP
Aside from the \fBset_attributes\fP (\fBsgr\fP) capability,
most terminal capabilities require no more than one or two parameters.
+.bP
+Padding information is ignored by \fBtparm\fP;
+it is interpreted by \fBtputs\fP.
+.bP
+The capability string is null-terminated.
+Use \*(``\\200\*('' where an ASCII NUL is needed in the output.
.PP
\fBtiparm\fP is a newer form of \fBtparm\fP which uses \fI<stdarg.h>\fP
rather than a fixed-parameter list.
.\" ***************************************************************************
.SS Output Functions
.PP
-The \fBtputs\fR routine applies padding information to the string
+The \fBtputs\fR routine applies padding information
+(i.e., by interpreting marker embedded in the terminfo capability
+such as \*(``$<5>\*('' as 5 milliseconds)
+to the string
\fIstr\fR and outputs it:
.bP
-The \fIstr\fR must be a terminfo string
-variable or the return value from \fBtparm\fR, \fBtgetstr\fR, or
-\fBtgoto\fR.
+The \fIstr\fR parameter must be a terminfo string
+variable or the return value from
+\fBtparm\fR, \fBtiparm\fP, \fBtgetstr\fR, or \fBtgoto\fR.
+.IP
+The \fBtgetstr\fP and \fBtgoto\fP functions are part of the \fItermcap\fP
+interface,
+which happens to share this function name with the \fIterminfo\fP interface.
.bP
\fIaffcnt\fR is the number of lines affected, or 1 if
not applicable.
.PP
The \fBvidputs\fR routine displays the string on the terminal in the
video attribute mode \fIattrs\fR, which is any combination of the
-attributes listed in \fBcurses\fR(3X). The characters are passed to
+attributes listed in \fBcurses\fR(3X).
+The characters are passed to
the \fBputchar\fR-like routine \fIputc\fR.
.PP
The \fBvidattr\fR routine is like the \fBvidputs\fR routine, except
that it outputs through \fBputchar\fR.
.PP
-The \fBvid_attr\fR and \fBvid_puts\fR routines correspond to vidattr and vidputs,
-respectively.
+The \fBvid_attr\fR and \fBvid_puts\fR routines correspond
+to vidattr and vidputs, respectively.
They use a set of arguments for representing the video attributes plus color,
i.e.,
.bP
this implementation allows \fIopts\fP to be used as a pointer to \fBint\fP,
which overrides the \fIpair\fP (\fBshort\fP) argument.
.PP
-The \fBmvcur\fR routine provides low-level cursor motion. It takes
-effect immediately (rather than at the next refresh).
+The \fBmvcur\fR routine provides low-level cursor motion.
+It takes effect immediately (rather than at the next refresh).
+.PP
+While \fBputp\fR and \fBmvcur\fP are low-level functions which
+do not use the high-level curses state,
+they are declared in \fB<curses.h>\fP because SystemV did this
+(see \fBHISTORY\fP).
.\" ***************************************************************************
.SS Terminal Capability Functions
.PP
.bP
the short terminfo names (\*(``codes\*(''),
.bP
-the \fBtermcap\fR names (\*(``names\*('', and
+the \fBtermcap\fR names (\*(``names\*(''), and
.bP
the long terminfo names (\*(``fnames\*('')
.PP
.RE
.SH RETURN VALUE
Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR
-(SVr4 only specifies \*(``an integer value other than \fBERR\fR\*('') upon successful
-completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
+(SVr4 only specifies \*(``an integer value other than \fBERR\fR\*('')
+upon successful completion,
+unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
.PP
Routines that return pointers always return \fBNULL\fR on error.
.PP
X/Open states that \fBtputs\fP ignores the return value
of the output function \fIputc\fP.
.RE
+.\" ***************************************************************************
+.SS Compatibility macros
+This implementation provides a few macros for compatibility with systems
+before SVr4 (see \fBHISTORY\fP).
+Those include
+\fBcrmode\fP,
+\fBfixterm\fP,
+\fBgettmode\fP,
+\fBnocrmode\fP,
+\fBresetterm\fP,
+\fBsaveterm\fP, and
+\fBsetterm\fP.
+.PP
+In SVr4, those are found in \fB<curses.h>\fP,
+but except for \fBsetterm\fR, are likewise macros.
+The one function, \fBsetterm\fR, is mentioned in the manual page.
+The manual page notes that the \fBsetterm\fR routine
+was replaced by \fBsetupterm\fR, stating that the call:
+.sp
+ \fBsetupterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, 1, (int *)0)\fR
+.sp
+provides the same functionality as \fBsetterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB)\fR,
+and is not recommended for new programs.
+This implementation provides each of those symbols
+as macros for BSD compatibility,
+.\" ***************************************************************************
+.SH HISTORY
+.PP
+SVr2 introduced the terminfo feature.
+Its programming manual mentioned these low-level functions:
+.TS
+l l
+_ _
+l l.
+\fBFunction\fR \fBDescription\fR
+fixterm restore tty to \*(``in curses\*('' state
+gettmode establish current tty modes
+mvcur low level cursor motion
+putp T{
+utility function that uses \fBtputs\fP to send characters via \fBputchar\fP.
+T}
+resetterm set tty modes to \*(``out of curses\*('' state
+resetty reset tty flags to stored value
+saveterm save current modes as \*(``in curses\*('' state
+savetty store current tty flags
+setterm establish terminal with given type
+setupterm establish terminal with given type
+tparm instantiate a string expression with parameters
+tputs apply padding information to a string
+vidattr like \fBvidputs\fP, but outputs through \fBputchar\fP
+vidputs T{
+output a string to put terminal in a specified video attribute mode
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+The programming manual also mentioned
+functions provided for termcap compatibility
+(commenting that they \*(``may go away at a later date\*(''):
+.TS
+l l
+_ _
+l l.
+\fBFunction\fR \fBDescription\fR
+tgetent look up termcap entry for given \fIname\fP
+tgetflag get boolean entry for given \fIid\fP
+tgetnum get numeric entry for given \fIid\fP
+tgetstr get string entry for given \fIid\fP
+tgoto apply parameters to given capability
+tputs T{
+apply padding to capability, calling a function to put characters
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Early terminfo programs obtained capability values from the
+\fBTERMINAL\fP structure initialized by \fBsetupterm\fR.
+.PP
+SVr3 extended terminfo by adding functions to retrieve capability values
+(like the termcap interface),
+and reusing tgoto and tputs:
+.TS
+l l
+_ _
+l l.
+\fBFunction\fR \fBDescription\fR
+tigetflag get boolean entry for given \fIid\fP
+tigetnum get numeric entry for given \fIid\fP
+tigetstr get string entry for given \fIid\fP
+.TE
+.PP
+SVr3 also replaced several of the SVr2 terminfo functions
+which had no counterpart in the termcap interface,
+documenting them as obsolete:
+.TS
+l l
+_ _
+l l.
+\fBFunction\fR \fBReplaced by\fP
+crmode cbreak
+fixterm reset_prog_mode
+gettmode N/A
+nocrmode nocbreak
+resetterm reset_shell_mode
+saveterm def_prog_mode
+setterm setupterm
+.TE
+.PP
+SVr3 kept the \fBmvcur\fP, \fBvidattr\fP and \fBvidputs\fP functions,
+along with \fBputp\fP, \fBtparm\fP and \fBtputs\fP.
+The latter were needed to support padding,
+and handling functions such as \fBvidattr\fP
+(which used more than the two parameters supported by \fBtgoto\fP).
+.PP
+SVr3 introduced the functions for switching between terminal
+descriptions, e.g., \fBset_curterm\fP.
+The various global variables such as \fBboolnames\fP were mentioned
+in the programming manual at this point.
+.PP
+SVr4 added the \fBvid_attr\fP and \fBvid_puts\fP functions.
+.PP
+There are other low-level functions declared in the curses header files
+on Unix systems,
+but none were documented.
+The functions marked \*(``obsolete\*('' remained in use
+by the Unix \fBvi\fP editor.
.SH PORTABILITY
.SS Legacy functions
.PP
\fBint (*putc)(char)\fR.
.PP
At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) returns a value
-other than OK/ERR from \fBtputs\fP.
+other than \fBOK\fP/\fBERR\fP from \fBtputs\fP.
That returns the length of the string, and does no error-checking.
.PP
X/Open notes that after calling \fBmvcur\fR, the curses state may not match the
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff