'\" t
.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2012,2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: ncurses.3x,v 1.97 2010/09/11 20:54:13 tom Exp $
+.\" $Id: ncurses.3x,v 1.111 2013/03/02 22:15:25 tom Exp $
.hy 0
.TH ncurses 3X ""
+.de bP
+.IP \(bu 4
+..
.ds n 5
.ds d @TERMINFO@
.SH NAME
XSI stands for X/Open System Interfaces Extension.
The \fBncurses\fR library is freely redistributable in source form.
Differences from the SVr4
-curses are summarized under the \fBEXTENSIONS\fP and \fBPORTABILITY\fP sections below and
-described in detail in the respective \fBEXTENSIONS\fP, \fBPORTABILITY\fP and \fBBUGS\fP sections
+curses are summarized under the
+\fBEXTENSIONS\fP and \fBPORTABILITY\fP sections below and
+described in detail in the respective
+\fBEXTENSIONS\fP, \fBPORTABILITY\fP and \fBBUGS\fP sections
of individual man pages.
.PP
The \fBncurses\fR library also provides many useful extensions,
.sp
Before a \fBcurses\fR program is run, the tab stops of the terminal
should be set and its initialization strings, if defined, must be output.
-This can be done by executing the \fBtput init\fR command
+This can be done by executing the \fB@TPUT@ init\fR command
after the shell environment variable \fBTERM\fR has been exported.
-\fBtset(1)\fR is usually responsible for doing this.
+\fB@TSET@(1)\fR is usually responsible for doing this.
[See \fBterminfo\fR(\*n) for further details.]
.PP
The \fBncurses\fR library permits manipulation of data structures,
use_env/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X)
use_extended_names/\fBcurs_extend\fR(3X)*
use_legacy_coding/\fBlegacy_coding\fR(3X)*
+use_tioctl/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X)
vid_attr/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X)
vid_puts/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X)
vidattr/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X)
integer value other than \fBERR\fR upon successful completion, unless
otherwise noted in the routine descriptions.
.PP
+As a general rule, routines check for null pointers passed as parameters,
+and handle this as an error.
+.PP
All macros return the value of the \fBw\fR version, except \fBsetscrreg\fR,
\fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, and \fBgetmaxyx\fR.
-The return values of \fBsetscrreg\fR, \fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, and
+The return values of
+\fBsetscrreg\fR,
+\fBwsetscrreg\fR,
+\fBgetyx\fR,
+\fBgetbegyx\fR, and
\fBgetmaxyx\fR are undefined (i.e., these should not be used as the
right-hand side of assignment statements).
.PP
The most important ones have been already discussed in detail.
.TP 5
BAUDRATE
-The debugging library checks this environment symbol when the application
+The debugging library checks this environment variable when the application
has redirected output to a file.
-The symbol's numeric value is used for the baudrate.
+The variable's numeric value is used for the baudrate.
If no value is found, \fBncurses\fR uses 9600.
This allows testers to construct repeatable test-cases
that take into account costs that depend on baudrate.
CC
When set, change occurrences of the command_character
(i.e., the \fBcmdch\fP capability)
-of the loaded terminfo entries to the value of this symbol.
+of the loaded terminfo entries to the value of this variable.
Very few terminfo entries provide this feature.
.IP
Because this name is also used in development environments to represent
a terminal description for terminals which are run as emulations.
.IP
Use the \fBuse_env\fR function to disable all use of external environment
-(including system calls) to determine the screen size.
+(but not including system calls) to determine the screen size.
+Use the \fBuse_tioctl\fR function to update \fBCOLUMNS\fP or \fBLINES\fP
+to match the screen size obtained from system calls or the terminal database.
.TP 5
ESCDELAY
Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which ncurses will
.br
3 = middle.
.sp
-This symbol lets you customize the mouse.
-The symbol must be three numeric digits 1\-3 in any order, e.g., 123 or 321.
+This variable lets you customize the mouse.
+The variable must be three numeric digits 1\-3 in any order, e.g., 123 or 321.
If it is not specified, \fBncurses\fR uses 132.
.TP 5
NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS
You may wish to use these descriptions,
but not want to pay the performance penalty.
.IP
-Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING symbol to disable all but mandatory
+Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING environment variable to disable all but mandatory
padding.
Mandatory padding is used as a part of special control
sequences such as \fIflash\fR.
.TP 5
NCURSES_NO_SETBUF
-Normally \fBncurses\fR enables buffered output during terminal initialization.
-This is done (as in SVr4 curses) for performance reasons.
+This setting is obsolete.
+Before changes
+.RS
+.bP
+started with 5.9 patch 20120825
+and
+.bP
+continued
+though 5.9 patch 20130126
+.RE
+.IP
+\fBncurses\fR enabled buffered output during terminal initialization.
+This was done (as in SVr4 curses) for performance reasons.
For testing purposes, both of \fBncurses\fR and certain applications,
-this feature is made optional.
+this feature was made optional.
Setting the NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable
-disables output buffering, leaving the output in the original (usually
+disabled output buffering, leaving the output in the original (usually
line buffered) mode.
+.IP
+In the current implementation,
+ncurses performs its own buffering and does not require this workaround.
+It does not modify the buffering of the standard output.
+.IP
+The reason for the change was to make the behavior for interrupts and
+other signals more robust.
+One drawback is that certain nonconventional programs would mix
+ordinary stdio calls with ncurses calls and (usually) work.
+This is no longer possible since ncurses is not using
+the buffered standard output but its own output (to the same file descriptor).
+As a special case, the low-level calls such as \fBputp\fP still use the
+standard output.
+But high-level curses calls do not.
.TP 5
NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS
During initialization, the \fBncurses\fR library
When setting this variable, you should set it to a nonzero value.
Setting it to zero (or to a nonnumber)
disables the special check for "linux" and "screen".
+.IP
+As an alternative to the environment variable,
+ncurses checks for an extended terminfo capability \fBU8\fP.
+This is a numeric capability which can be compiled using \fB@TIC@\ \-x\fP.
+For example
+.RS 5
+.ft CW
+.sp
+.nf
+# linux console, if patched to provide working
+# VT100 shift-in/shift-out, with corresponding font.
+linux-vt100|linux console with VT100 line-graphics,
+ U8#0, use=linux,
+.sp
+# uxterm with vt100Graphics resource set to false
+xterm-utf8|xterm relying on UTF-8 line-graphics,
+ U8#1, use=xterm,
+.fi
+.ft
+.RE
+.IP
+The name "U8" is chosen to be two characters,
+to permit it to be used by applications that use ncurses'
+termcap interface.
.TP 5
NCURSES_TRACE
During initialization, the \fBncurses\fR debugging library
-checks the NCURSES_TRACE symbol.
+checks the NCURSES_TRACE environment variable.
If it is defined, to a numeric value, \fBncurses\fR calls the \fBtrace\fR
function, using that value as the argument.
.IP
support, \fBncurses\fR will check for a terminal's description in
termcap form if it is not available in the terminfo database.
.IP
-The TERMCAP symbol contains either a terminal description (with
+The TERMCAP environment variable contains either a terminal description (with
newlines stripped out),
-or a file name telling where the information denoted by the TERM symbol exists.
+or a file name telling where the information denoted by
+the TERM environment variable exists.
In either case, setting it directs \fBncurses\fR to ignore
the usual place for this information, e.g., /etc/termcap.
.TP 5
This is the simplest, but not the only way to change the list of directories.
The complete list of directories in order follows:
.RS
-.TP 3
-\-
+.bP
the last directory to which \fBncurses\fR wrote, if any, is searched first
-.TP 3
-\-
-the directory specified by the TERMINFO symbol
-.TP 3
-\-
+.bP
+the directory specified by the TERMINFO environment variable
+.bP
$HOME/.terminfo
-.TP 3
-\-
-directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS symbol
-.TP 3
-\-
+.bP
+directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS environment variable
+.bP
one or more directories whose names are configured and compiled into the
-ncurses library, e.g.,
-@TERMINFO@
+ncurses library, i.e.,
+.RS
+.bP
+@TERMINFO_DIRS@ (corresponding to the TERMINFO_DIRS variable)
+.bP
+@TERMINFO@ (corresponding to the TERMINFO variable)
+.RE
.RE
.TP 5
TERMINFO_DIRS
Specifies a list of directories to search for terminal descriptions.
The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
-All of the terminal descriptions are in terminfo form, which makes
-a subdirectory named for the first letter of the terminal names therein.
+.IP
+All of the terminal descriptions are in terminfo form.
+Normally these are stored in a directory tree,
+using subdirectories named by the first letter of the terminal names therein.
+.IP
+If \fBncurses\fP is built with a hashed database,
+then each entry in this list can also be the path of the corresponding
+database file.
+.IP
+If \fBncurses\fP is built with a support for reading termcap files
+directly, then an entry in this list may be the path of a termcap file.
.TP 5
TERMPATH
If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then \fBncurses\fR checks
-the TERMPATH symbol.
-This is a list of filenames separated by spaces or colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
-If the TERMPATH symbol is not set, \fBncurses\fR looks in the files
+the TERMPATH environment variable.
+This is a list of filenames separated by spaces or colons (i.e., ":") on Unix,
+semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
+.IP
+If the TERMPATH environment variable is not set,
+\fBncurses\fR looks in the files
/etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and $HOME/.termcap, in that order.
.PP
The library may be configured to disregard the following variables when the
current user is the superuser (root), or if the application uses setuid or
setgid permissions:
+.IP
$TERMINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME.
.SH ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS
Several different configurations are possible,
to build executables.
.TP 5
\-\-enable\-widec
-The configure script renames the library and (if the \fB\-\-disable\-overwrite\fP
-option is used) puts the header files in a different subdirectory.
+The configure script renames the library and
+(if the \fB\-\-disable\-overwrite\fP option is used)
+puts the header files in a different subdirectory.
All of the library names have a "w" appended to them,
i.e., instead of
.RS
@TERMINFO@
terminal capability database
.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBterminfo\fR(\*n) and related pages whose names begin "curs_" for detailed routine
-descriptions.
+\fBterminfo\fR(\*n) and related pages whose names begin
+"curs_" for detailed routine descriptions.
+.br
+\fBcurs_variables\fR(3X)
.SH EXTENSIONS
The \fBncurses\fR library can be compiled with an option (\fB\-DUSE_GETCAP\fR)
that falls back to the old-style /etc/termcap file if the terminal setup code
the XSI Curses and \fBncurses\fR calls) are described in \fBPORTABILITY\fR
sections of the library man pages.
.PP
-This implementation also contains several extensions:
-.RS 5
+Unlike other implementations, this one checks parameters such as pointers
+to WINDOW structures to ensure they are not null.
+The main reason for providing this behavior is to guard against programmer
+error.
+The standard interface does not provide a way for the library
+to tell an application which of several possible errors were detected.
+Relying on this (or some other) extension will adversely affect the
+portability of curses applications.
.PP
+This implementation also contains several extensions:
+.bP
The routine \fBhas_key\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4.
See the \fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) manual page for details.
-.PP
+.bP
The routine \fBslk_attr\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4.
See the \fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) manual page for details.
-.PP
+.bP
The routines \fBgetmouse\fR, \fBmousemask\fR, \fBungetmouse\fR,
\fBmouseinterval\fR, and \fBwenclose\fR relating to mouse interfacing are not
part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4.
See the \fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X) manual page for details.
-.PP
+.bP
The routine \fBmcprint\fR was not present in any previous curses implementation.
See the \fBcurs_print\fR(3X) manual page for details.
-.PP
+.bP
The routine \fBwresize\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4.
See the \fBwresize\fR(3X) manual page for details.
-.PP
+.bP
The WINDOW structure's internal details can be hidden from application
programs.
See \fBcurs_opaque\fR(3X) for the discussion of \fBis_scrollok\fR, etc.
-.RE
+.bP
+This implementation can be configured to provide rudimentary support
+for multi-threaded applications.
+See \fBcurs_threads\fR(3X) for details.
+.bP
+This implementation can also be configured to provide a set of functions which
+improve the ability to manage multiple screens.
+See \fBcurs_sp_funcs\fR(3X) for details.
.PP
In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the capabilities \fBcr\fR,
\fBind\fR, \fBcub1\fR, \fBff\fR and \fBtab\fR activated corresponding delay
.SH AUTHORS
Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.
Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.
-.\"#
-.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
-.\"# Local Variables:
-.\"# mode:nroff
-.\"# fill-column:79
-.\"# End:
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