.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright 2018-2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey *
+.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
.\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: panel.3x,v 1.41 2021/12/25 21:49:32 tom Exp $
-.TH panel 3X ""
-.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
-.el .ds `` ``
-.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
-.el .ds '' ''
+.\" $Id: panel.3x,v 1.63 2024/03/16 15:35:01 tom Exp $
+.TH panel 3X 2024-03-16 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.ds `` \(lq
+.ds '' \(rq
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.ie t .ds `` ``
+.el .ds `` ""
+.ie t .ds '' ''
+.el .ds '' ""
+.\}
+.
.de bP
.ie n .IP \(bu 4
.el .IP \(bu 2
..
.SH NAME
-panel \- panel stack extension for curses
+panel \-
+panel stack extension for \fIcurses\fP
.SH SYNOPSIS
-\fB#include <panel.h>\fP
-.P
-\fBcc [flags] sourcefiles \-lpanel \-lncurses\fP
-.P
-\fBPANEL *new_panel(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fBint bottom_panel(PANEL *\fP\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBint top_panel(PANEL *\fP\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBint show_panel(PANEL *\fP\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBvoid update_panels(void);\fP
-.br
-\fBint hide_panel(PANEL *\fP\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fBWINDOW *panel_window(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBint replace_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB, WINDOW *\fIwindow\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBint move_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB, int \fIstarty\fP\fB, int \fIstartx\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBint panel_hidden(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fBPANEL *panel_above(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBPANEL *panel_below(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fBint set_panel_userptr(PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB, const void *\fIptr\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBconst void *panel_userptr(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fBint del_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP\fB);\fP
-.sp
-\fR/* ncurses-extensions */\fP
-.br
-\fBPANEL *ground_panel(SCREEN *\fIsp\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
-\fBPANEL *ceiling_panel(SCREEN *\fIsp\fP\fB);\fP
-.br
+.nf
+\fB#include <panel.h>
+.PP
+\fBPANEL *new_panel(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP);
+.PP
+\fBint bottom_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+\fBint top_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+\fBint show_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+\fBvoid update_panels(void);
+\fBint hide_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+.PP
+\fBWINDOW *panel_window(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+\fBint replace_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP, WINDOW *\fIwindow\fP);
+\fBint move_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP, int \fIstarty\fP, int \fIstartx\fP);
+\fBint panel_hidden(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+.PP
+\fBPANEL *panel_above(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+\fBPANEL *panel_below(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+.PP
+\fBint set_panel_userptr(PANEL *\fIpan\fP, const void *\fIptr\fP);
+\fBconst void *panel_userptr(const PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+.PP
+\fBint del_panel(PANEL *\fIpan\fP);
+.PP
+\fI/* ncurses extensions */\fP
+\fBPANEL *ground_panel(SCREEN *\fIsp\fP);
+\fBPANEL *ceiling_panel(SCREEN *\fIsp\fP);
+.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
-Panels are \fBcurses\fP(3X) windows with the added feature of
+Panels are \fBcurses\fP(3X) windows with the added property of
depth.
-Panel functions allow the use of stacked windows and ensure
-the proper portions of each window and the curses \fBstdscr\fP window are
-hidden or displayed when panels are added, moved, modified or removed.
+Panel functions allow the use of stacked windows and ensure that the
+proper portions of each window and the \fIcurses\fP \fB\%stdscr\fP
+window are hidden or displayed when panels are added,
+moved,
+modified,
+or removed.
The set of currently visible panels is the stack of panels.
The
-\fBstdscr\fP window is beneath all panels, and is not considered part
-of the stack.
-.P
-A window is associated with every panel.
-The panel routines enable
-you to create, move, hide, and show panels, as well as position a
-panel at any desired location in the stack.
-.P
-Panel routines are a functional layer added to \fBcurses\fP(3X), make only
-high-level curses calls, and work anywhere terminfo curses does.
+\fB\%stdscr\fP window is beneath all panels,
+and is not considered part of the stack.
+.PP
+A window is associated with each panel.
+The panel routines enable you to create,
+move,
+hide,
+and show panels.
+You can relocate a panel to any desired position in the stack.
+.PP
+Panel routines are a functional layer added to \fIcurses\fP,
+make only high-level \fIcurses\fP calls,
+and work anywhere \fIcurses\fP does.
.SH FUNCTIONS
.\" ---------
.SS bottom_panel
-\fBbottom_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%bottom_panel(\fIpan\fB)\fR
puts panel \fIpan\fP at the bottom of all panels.
.\" ---------
.SS ceiling_panel
-\fBceiling_panel(\fIsp\fP\fB)\fR
-acts like \fBpanel_below(NULL)\fP, for the given \fBSCREEN\fP \fIsp\fP.
+\fB\%ceiling_panel(\fIsp\fB)\fR
+acts like \fB\%panel_below(NULL)\fP
+for the given \fISCREEN\fP \fIsp\fP.
.\" ---------
.SS del_panel
-\fBdel_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
-removes the given panel \fIpan\fP from the stack and deallocates the
-\fBPANEL\fP structure (but not its associated window).
+\fB\%del_panel(\fIpan\fB)\fR
+removes the given panel \fIpan\fP from the stack and deallocates the
+\fI\%PANEL\fP structure (but not its associated window).
.\" ---------
.SS ground_panel
-\fBground_panel(\fIsp\fP\fB)\fR
-acts like \fBpanel_above(NULL)\fP, for the given \fBSCREEN\fP \fIsp\fP.
+\fB\%ground_panel(\fIsp\fB)\fR
+acts like \fB\%panel_above(NULL)\fP
+for the given \fISCREEN\fP \fIsp\fP.
.\" ---------
.SS hide_panel
-\fBhide_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%hide_panel(\fIpan\fB)\fR
removes the given panel \fIpan\fP from the panel stack
and thus hides it from view.
-The \fBPANEL\fP structure is not lost, merely removed from the stack.
+The \fI\%PANEL\fP structure is not lost,
+merely removed from the stack.
.\" ---------
.SS move_panel
-\fBmove_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB,\fIstarty\fP\fB,\fIstartx\fP\fB)\fR
-moves the given panel \fIpan\fP's window so that its upper-left corner is at
-\fIstarty\fP, \fIstartx\fP.
+\fB\%move_panel(\fIpan\fB, \fIstarty\fB, \fIstartx\fB)\fR
+moves the given panel \fIpan\fP's window so that its upper-left corner
+is at
+\fIstarty\fP,
+\fIstartx\fP.
It does not change the position of the panel in the stack.
-Be sure to use this function, not \fBmvwin\fP(3X), to move a panel window.
+Be sure to use this function,
+not \fB\%mvwin\fP(3X),
+to move a panel window.
.\" ---------
.SS new_panel
-\fBnew_panel(\fIwin\fP\fB)\fR allocates a \fBPANEL\fP structure,
-associates it with \fIwin\fP, places the panel on the top of the stack
-(causes it to be displayed above any other panel) and returns a
-pointer to the new panel.
+\fB\%new_panel(\fIwin\fB)\fR allocates a \fI\%PANEL\fR structure,
+associates it with \fIwin\fP,
+places the panel on the top of the stack
+(causes it to be displayed above any other panel)
+and returns a pointer to the new panel.
.\" ---------
.SS panel_above
-\fBpanel_above(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%panel_above(\fIpan\fB)\fR
returns a pointer to the panel above \fIpan\fP.
If the panel argument is
-\fB(PANEL *)0\fP, it returns a pointer to the bottom panel in the stack.
+\*(``\fB(PANEL *)0\fP\*('',
+it returns a pointer to the bottom panel in the stack.
.\" ---------
.SS panel_below
-\fBpanel_below(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%panel_below(\fIpan\fB)\fR
returns a pointer to the panel just below \fIpan\fP.
-If the panel argument
-is \fB(PANEL *)0\fP, it returns a pointer to the top panel in the stack.
+If the panel argument is
+\*(``\fB(PANEL *)0\fP\*('',
+it returns a pointer to the top panel in the stack.
.\" ---------
.SS panel_hidden
-\fBpanel_hidden(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
-returns \fBTRUE\fP if the panel \fIpan\fP is in the panel stack,
-\fBFALSE\fP if it is not.
-If the panel is a null pointer, return \fBERR\fP.
+\fB\%panel_hidden(\fIpan\fB)\fR
+returns \fBFALSE\fP if the panel \fIpan\fP is in the panel stack,
+and \fBTRUE\fP if it is not.
+If the panel is a null pointer,
+it returns \fBERR\fP.
.\" ---------
.SS panel_userptr
-\fBpanel_userptr(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%panel_userptr(\fIpan\fB)\fR
returns the user pointer for a given panel \fIpan\fP.
.\" ---------
.SS panel_window
-\fBpanel_window(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%panel_window(\fIpan\fB)\fR
returns a pointer to the window of the given panel \fIpan\fP.
.\" ---------
.SS replace_panel
-\fBreplace_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB,\fIwindow\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%replace_panel(\fIpan\fB, \fIwindow\fB)\fR
replaces the current window of panel \fIpan\fP with \fIwindow\fP
-This is useful, for example if you want to resize a panel.
-In \fBncurses\fP, you can call \fBreplace_panel\fP
-to resize a panel using a window resized with \fBwresize\fP(3X).
+This is useful if,
+for example,
+you want to resize a panel.
+In \fI\%ncurses\fP,
+you can call \fB\%replace_panel\fP
+to resize a panel using a window resized with \fB\%wresize\fP(3X).
It does not change the position of the panel in the stack.
.\" ---------
.SS set_panel_userptr
-\fBset_panel_userptr(\fIpan\fP\fB,\fIptr\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%set_panel_userptr(\fIpan\fB, \fIptr\fB)\fR
sets the panel's user pointer.
.\" ---------
.SS show_panel
-\fBshow_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
+\fB\%show_panel(\fIpan\fB)\fR
makes a hidden panel visible by placing it on top of the panels in the
panel stack.
-See \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP below.
+See \*(``PORTABILITY\*('' below.
.\" ---------
.SS top_panel
-\fBtop_panel(\fIpan\fP\fB)\fR
-puts the given visible panel \fIpan\fP on top of all panels in the stack.
-See \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP below.
+\fB\%top_panel(\fIpan\fB)\fR
+puts the given visible panel \fIpan\fP on top of all panels in the
+stack.
+See \*(``PORTABILITY\*('' below.
.\" ---------
.SS update_panels
-\fBupdate_panels()\fR
-refreshes the \fIvirtual screen\fP to reflect the relations between the
-panels in the stack, but does not call \fBdoupdate\fP(3X) to refresh the
-\fIphysical screen\fP.
-Use this function and not \fBwrefresh\fP(3X) or \fBwnoutrefresh\fP(3X).
+\fB\%update_panels()\fR
+refreshes the virtual screen to reflect the relations between the panels
+in the stack,
+but does not call \fB\%doupdate\fP(3X) to refresh the physical screen.
+Use this function and not \fB\%wrefresh\fP(3X) or
+\fB\%wnoutrefresh\fP(3X).
.PP
-\fBupdate_panels\fP may be called more than once before a call to
-\fBdoupdate\fP, but \fBdoupdate\fP is the function responsible for updating
-the \fIphysical screen\fP.
-.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+\fB\%update_panels\fP may be called more than once before a call to
+\fB\%doupdate\fP,
+but \fB\%doupdate\fP is the function responsible for updating
+the physical screen.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
Each routine that returns a pointer returns \fBNULL\fP if an error
occurs.
Each routine that returns an int value returns \fBOK\fP if it
executes successfully and \fBERR\fP if not.
.PP
-Except as noted, the \fIpan\fP and \fIwindow\fP parameters must be non-null.
-If those are null, an error is returned.
+Except as noted,
+the \fIpan\fP and \fIwindow\fP parameters must be non-null.
+If either is null,
+an error is returned.
.PP
-The \fBmove_panel\fP function uses \fBmvwin\fP(3X),
-and will return an error if \fBmvwin\fP returns an error.
-.SH COMPATIBILITY
-Reasonable care has been taken to ensure compatibility
-with the native panel facility introduced in System V (inspection of
-the SVr4 manual pages suggests the programming interface is unchanged).
-The \fBPANEL\fP data structures are merely similar.
-The programmer
-is cautioned not to directly use \fBPANEL\fP fields.
-.P
-The functions \fBshow_panel\fP and \fBtop_panel\fP are identical
-in this implementation, and work equally well with displayed or hidden
-panels.
-In the native System V implementation, \fBshow_panel\fP is
-intended for making a hidden panel visible (at the top of the stack)
-and \fBtop_panel\fP is intended for making an already-visible panel
-move to the top of the stack.
-You are cautioned to use the correct
-function to ensure compatibility with native panel libraries.
-.SH NOTE
-In your library list, libpanel.a should be before libncurses.a; that is,
-you should say \*(``\-lpanel \-lncurses\*('', not the other way around
-(which would give a link-error with static libraries).
+The \fB\%move_panel\fP function uses \fBmvwin\fP(3X),
+and returns an error if \fB\%mvwin\fP returns an error.
+.SH NOTES
+The header file \fI\%panel.h\fP itself includes the header file
+\fI\%curses.h\fP.
.SH PORTABILITY
+Reasonable care has been taken to ensure compatibility
+with the native panel facility introduced in System\ V;
+inspection of the SVr4 manual pages suggests the programming interface
+never changed.
+The \fI\%PANEL\fP data structures are merely similar.
+The programmer is cautioned not to directly use \fI\%PANEL\fP fields.
.PP
-The panel facility was documented in SVr4.2 in
-\fICharacter User Interface Programming (UNIX SVR4.2)\fP.
+The functions \fB\%show_panel\fP and \fB\%top_panel\fP are identical
+in this implementation,
+and work equally well with displayed or hidden panels.
+In the System\ V implementation,
+\fB\%show_panel\fP is intended for making a hidden panel visible
+(at the top of the stack)
+and \fB\%top_panel\fP is intended for making an already-visible panel
+move to the top of the stack.
+You are cautioned to use the correct
+function to ensure compatibility with System\ V panel libraries.
+.SH HISTORY
+A panel facility was documented in SVr4.2's
+\fICharacter User Interface Programming\fP document.
.PP
It is not part of X/Open Curses.
.PP
A few implementations exist:
.bP
Systems based on SVr4 source code,
-e.g., Solaris, provide this library.
+such as Solaris,
+provide this library.
.bP
-\fBncurses\fP (since version 0.6 in 1993)
-and \fBPDCurses\fP (since version 2.2 in 1995)
+\fI\%ncurses\fP (since version 0.6 in 1993)
+and \fIPDCurses\fP (since version 2.2 in 1995)
provide a panel library whose common ancestor
-was a public domain implementation by Warren Tucker
+is a public domain implementation by Warren Tucker
published in \fIu386mon\fP 2.20 (1990).
.IP
-According to Tucker, the SystemV panel library
-was first released in SVr3.2 (1988),
+According to Tucker,
+the System\ V panel library was first released in SVr3.2 (1988),
and his implementation helped with a port to SVr3.1 (1987).
.IP
Several developers have improved each of these;
they are no longer the same as Tucker's implementation.
.bP
NetBSD 8 (2018)
-has a panel library begun by Valery Ushakov in 2015.
-This is based on the AT&T documentation.
-.SH FILES
-.P
-panel.h
-interface for the panels library
-.P
-libpanel.a
-the panels library itself
-.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBcurses\fP(3X),
-\fBcurs_variables\fP(3X),
-.PP
-This describes \fBncurses\fP
-version @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@ (patch @NCURSES_PATCH@).
-.SH AUTHOR
+has a panel library begun by Valery Ushakov in 2015,
+based on the System\ V documentation.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Warren Tucker <wht@n4hgf.mt\-park.ga.us> originally wrote this
+implementation,
+primarily to assist in porting \fI\%u386mon\fP to systems without a
+native panel library.
.PP
-Originally written by Warren Tucker <wht@n4hgf.mt-park.ga.us>,
-primarily to assist in porting \fIu386mon\fP to systems without a native
-panels library.
+Zeyd ben-Halim repackaged it for \fI\%ncurses\fP.
.PP
-Repackaged for ncurses by Zeyd ben-Halim.
-.PP
-Juergen Pfeifer and Thomas E. Dickey revised/improved the library.
+Juergen Pfeifer and Thomas E. Dickey revised and improved the library.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fB\%curses\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_variables\fP(3X)
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