X-Git-Url: http://ncurses.scripts.mit.edu/?p=ncurses.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fhtml%2Fman%2Fcurs_add_wch.3x.html;h=e1cbff48ee22f7119e61600dd514fcde443c2cda;hp=564c46003ab0afeb8e083f2238596330cfefa3f7;hb=HEAD;hpb=a8987e73ec254703634802b4f7ee30d3a485524d diff --git a/doc/html/man/curs_add_wch.3x.html b/doc/html/man/curs_add_wch.3x.html index 564c4600..64c645d5 100644 --- a/doc/html/man/curs_add_wch.3x.html +++ b/doc/html/man/curs_add_wch.3x.html @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ - - +
-- -curs_add_wch(3x) curs_add_wch(3x) +curs_add_wch(3x) Library calls curs_add_wch(3x) --
- add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, echo_wchar, - wecho_wchar - add a complex character and rendition to a - curses window, then advance the cursor +
+ add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, echo_wchar, wecho_wchar - add + a curses complex character to a window and advance the cursor --
+
#include <curses.h> - int add_wch( const cchar_t *wch ); - int wadd_wch( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch ); - int mvadd_wch( int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch ); - int mvwadd_wch( WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t - *wch ); - int echo_wchar( const cchar_t *wch ); - int wecho_wchar( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch ); + int add_wch(const cchar_t *wch); + int wadd_wch(WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch); + int mvadd_wch(int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch); + int mvwadd_wch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch); + int echo_wchar(const cchar_t *wch); + int wecho_wchar(WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch); --
- The add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, and mvwadd_wch functions - put the complex character wch into the given window at its - current position, which is then advanced. These functions - perform wrapping and special-character processing as fol- - lows: - - - If wch refers to a spacing character, then any previ- - ous character at that location is removed. A new - character specified by wch is placed at that location - with rendition specified by wch. The cursor then - advances to the next spacing character on the screen. - - - If wch refers to a non-spacing character, all previ- - ous characters at that location are preserved. The - non-spacing characters of wch are added to the spac- - ing complex character, and the rendition specified by - wch is ignored. - - - If the character part of wch is a tab, newline, - backspace or other control character, the window is - updated and the cursor moves as if addch(3x) were - called. - - The echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a - call to add_wch followed by a call to refresh. Similarly, - the wecho_wchar is functionally equivalent to a call to - wadd_wch followed by a call to wrefresh. The knowledge - that only a single character is being output is taken into - consideration and, for non-control characters, a consider- - able performance gain might be seen by using the *echo* + +
+ +
+ The add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, and mvwadd_wch functions put the + complex character wch into the given window at its current position, + which is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and special- + character processing as follows: + + o If wch refers to a spacing character, then any previous character + at that location is removed. A new character specified by wch is + placed at that location with rendition specified by wch. The + cursor then advances after this spacing character, to prepare for + writing the next character on the screen. + + The newly added spacing character is the base of the active complex + character. Subsequent non-spacing characters can be combined with + this base until another spacing character is written to the screen, + or the cursor is moved, e.g., using wmove. + + o If wch refers to a non-spacing character, it is appended to the + active complex character, retaining the previous characters at that + location. The rendition specified by wch is ignored. + + The cursor is not advanced after adding a non-spacing character. + Subsequent calls to add non-spacing characters will update the same + position. + + o If the character part of wch is a tab, newline, backspace or other + control character, the window is updated and the cursor moves as if + addch were called. + + +
+ The echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a call to add_wch + followed by a call to refresh(3x). Similarly, the wecho_wchar is + functionally equivalent to a call to wadd_wch followed by a call to + wrefresh. The knowledge that only a single character is being output + is taken into consideration and, for non-control characters, a + considerable performance gain might be seen by using the *echo* functions instead of their equivalents. --
- All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on - success. +
+ Like addch(3x), addch_wch accepts symbols which make it simple to draw + lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols + correspond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as addch(3x). + Unicode ASCII acsc --
- Note that add_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, and echo_wchar - may be macros. + ACS Name Default Default Char Glyph Name + ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + WACS_BLOCK 0x25ae # 0 solid square block + WACS_BOARD 0x2592 # h board of squares + WACS_BTEE 0x2534 + v bottom tee + WACS_BULLET 0x00b7 o ~ bullet + WACS_CKBOARD 0x2592 : a checker board (stipple) + WACS_DARROW 0x2193 v . arrow pointing down + WACS_DEGREE 0x00b0 ' f degree symbol + WACS_DIAMOND 0x25c6 + ` diamond + WACS_GEQUAL 0x2265 > > greater-than-or-equal-to + WACS_HLINE 0x2500 - q horizontal line + WACS_LANTERN 0x2603 # i lantern symbol + WACS_LARROW 0x2190 < , arrow pointing left + WACS_LEQUAL 0x2264 < y less-than-or-equal-to + WACS_LLCORNER 0x2514 + m lower left-hand corner + WACS_LRCORNER 0x2518 + j lower right-hand corner + WACS_LTEE 0x2524 + t left tee + WACS_NEQUAL 0x2260 ! | not-equal + WACS_PI 0x03c0 * { greek pi + WACS_PLMINUS 0x00b1 # g plus/minus + WACS_PLUS 0x253c + n plus + WACS_RARROW 0x2192 > + arrow pointing right + WACS_RTEE 0x251c + u right tee + WACS_S1 0x23ba - o scan line 1 + WACS_S3 0x23bb - p scan line 3 + WACS_S7 0x23bc - r scan line 7 + WACS_S9 0x23bd _ s scan line 9 + WACS_STERLING 0x00a3 f } pound-sterling symbol + WACS_TTEE 0x252c + w top tee + WACS_UARROW 0x2191 ^ - arrow pointing up + WACS_ULCORNER 0x250c + l upper left-hand corner + WACS_URCORNER 0x2510 + k upper right-hand corner + WACS_VLINE 0x2502 | x vertical line --
- All these functions are described in the XSI Curses stan- - dard, Issue 4. The defaults specified for forms-drawing - characters apply in the POSIX locale. + The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for + thick lines (acsc "J" to "V"): - XSI documents constants beginning with WACS_ which are - used for line-drawing. Those are not currently imple- - mented in ncurses. + Unicode ASCII acsc + ACS Name Default Default Char Glyph Name + ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + WACS_T_BTEE 0x253b + V thick tee pointing up + WACS_T_HLINE 0x2501 - Q thick horizontal line + WACS_T_LLCORNER 0x2517 + M thick lower left corner + WACS_T_LRCORNER 0x251b + J thick lower right corner + WACS_T_LTEE 0x252b + T thick tee pointing right + WACS_T_PLUS 0x254b + N thick large plus + WACS_T_RTEE 0x2523 + U thick tee pointing left + WACS_T_TTEE 0x2533 + W thick tee pointing down + WACS_T_ULCORNER 0x250f + L thick upper left corner + WACS_T_URCORNER 0x2513 + K thick upper right corner + WACS_T_VLINE 0x2503 | X thick vertical line + and for double-lines (acsc "A" to "I"): --
- curses(3x), curs_attr_get(3x), curs_clear(3x), curs_out- - opts(3x), curs_refresh(3x), putwc(3) + Unicode ASCII acsc + ACS Name Default Default Char Glyph Name + ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + WACS_D_BTEE 0x2569 + H double tee pointing up + WACS_D_HLINE 0x2550 - R double horizontal line + WACS_D_LLCORNER 0x255a + D double lower left corner + WACS_D_LRCORNER 0x255d + A double lower right corner + WACS_D_LTEE 0x2560 + F double tee pointing right + WACS_D_PLUS 0x256c + E double large plus + WACS_D_RTEE 0x2563 + G double tee pointing left + + WACS_D_TTEE 0x2566 + I double tee pointing down + WACS_D_ULCORNER 0x2554 + C double upper left corner + WACS_D_URCORNER 0x2557 + B double upper right corner + WACS_D_VLINE 0x2551 | Y double vertical line + + Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from + ncurses, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important + details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double + horizontal lines: + + o U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL + + o U+2501 BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL + + o U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL + + +
+ All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on success. + + X/Open Curses does not specify any error conditions. This + implementation returns an error + + o if the window pointer is null or + + o if it is not possible to add a complete character in the window. + + The latter may be due to different causes: + + o If scrollok(3x) is not enabled, writing a character at the lower + right margin succeeds. However, an error is returned because it is + not possible to wrap to a new line. + + o If an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a + sequence of bytes, or if it is not possible to add all of the + resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned. + + Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if + the position (y, x) is outside the window boundaries. + + +
+ Note that add_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, and echo_wchar may be macros. + + +
+ These functions are described in X/Open Curses, Issue 4. The defaults + specified for line-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale. + + +
+ X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined + as a pointer to cchar_t data, e.g., in the discussion of border_set. A + few implementations are problematic: + + o NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a wchar_t within a cchar_t. + + o HP-UX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the analogous + WACS_ symbols as if the ACS_ symbols were wide characters. The + misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not + used for line-drawing. + + X/Open Curses does not specify symbols for thick- or double-lines. + SVr4 curses implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms + of intermediate symbols. This implementation extends those symbols, + providing new definitions which are not in the SVr4 implementations. + + Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style + alternate character sets (i.e., the acsc capability), with their + corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not address + the aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters. + Existing implementations of Unix curses (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris) use only + the acsc character-mapping to provide this feature. As a result, those + implementations can only use single-byte line-drawing characters. + ncurses 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode values to solve these + problems. NetBSD curses incorporated that table in 2010. + + In this implementation, the Unicode values are used instead of the + terminal description's acsc mapping as discussed in ncurses(3x) for the + environment variable NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS. In contrast, for the same + cases, the line-drawing characters described in addch(3x) will use only + the ASCII default values. + + Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line- + drawing for curses: + + o The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics S1, S3, S7 + and S9 frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which + the terminal used. + + o The lantern is a special case. It originated with the AT&T 4410 + terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation + depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&T terminal. + + Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a storm lantern was + intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems. + + Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and + U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant + since they lie outside the BMP and as a result are not generally + available in terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in any case. + + Most storm lanterns have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against + tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney. + + For the tapering appearance, U+2603 was adequate. In use on a + terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls + it a snowman. + + Others have suggested these alternatives: <section> U+00A7 (section + mark), <Theta> U+0398 (theta), <Phi> U+03A6 (phi), <delta> U+03B4 + (delta), U+2327 (x in a rectangle), U+256C (forms double vertical + and horizontal), and U+2612 (ballot box with x). + + +
+ The complex character type cchar_t can store more than one wide + character (wchar_t). The X/Open Curses description does not mention + this possibility, describing only the cases where wch is a spacing + character or a non-spacing character. + + This implementation assumes that wch is constructed using setcchar(3x), + and in turn that the result + + o contains at most one spacing character in the beginning of its list + of wide characters, and zero or more non-spacing characters or + + o may hold one non-spacing character. + + In the latter case, ncurses adds the non-spacing character to the + active (base) spacing character. + + +
+ The TABSIZE variable is implemented in SVr4 and other versions of + curses, but is not specified by X/Open Curses (see curs_variables(3x)). + + +
+ curs_addch(3x) describes comparable functions of the ncurses library in + its non-wide-character configuration. + + curses(3x), curs_addwstr(3x), curs_add_wchstr(3x), curs_attr(3x), + curs_clear(3x), curs_getcchar(3x), curs_outopts(3x), curs_refresh(3x), + curs_variables(3x), putwc(3) - curs_add_wch(3x) +ncurses 6.5 2024-04-20 curs_add_wch(3x)-