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30 * @Id: curs_window.3x,v 1.43 2023/11/25 14:17:29 tom Exp @
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42 <H1 class="no-header">curs_window 3x 2023-11-25 ncurses 6.4 Library calls</H1>
44 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
49 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
50 <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>,
51 <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> - create and manipulate <EM>curses</EM> windows
54 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
55 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
57 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newwin(</STRONG>
58 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
59 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
60 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
61 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
62 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
63 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
64 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
65 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*derwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
66 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
67 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
68 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvderwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>par</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
69 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*dupwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
70 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
71 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>syncok(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
72 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wcursyncup(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
73 <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wsyncdown(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
76 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
78 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-newwin">newwin</a></H3><PRE>
79 Calling <STRONG>newwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
80 given number of lines and columns. The upper left-hand corner of the
82 line <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>,
83 column <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>
85 If either <EM>nlines</EM> or <EM>ncols</EM> is zero, they default to
86 <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
87 <STRONG>COLS</STRONG> <STRONG>-</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>.
89 A new full-screen window is created by calling <STRONG>newwin(0,0,0,0)</STRONG>.
91 Regardless of the function used for creating a new window (e.g.,
92 <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>), rather than a duplicate (with <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>),
93 all of the window modes are initialized to the default values. These
94 functions set window modes after a window is created:
96 <STRONG>idcok</STRONG> <STRONG>idlok</STRONG> <STRONG>immedok</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> <STRONG>leaveok</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>
97 <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgdset</STRONG> <STRONG>wbkgrndset</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>.
100 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-delwin">delwin</a></H3><PRE>
101 Calling <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> deletes the named window, freeing all memory associated
102 with it (it does not actually erase the window's screen image).
103 Subwindows must be deleted before the main window can be deleted.
106 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></H3><PRE>
107 Calling <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG> moves the window so that the upper left-hand corner is at
108 position (<EM>x</EM>, <EM>y</EM>). If the move would cause the window to be off the
109 screen, it is an error and the window is not moved. Moving subwindows
110 is allowed, but should be avoided.
113 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-subwin">subwin</a></H3><PRE>
114 Calling <STRONG>subwin</STRONG> creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the
115 given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>, and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>. The window is at
116 position (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>, <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM>) on the screen. The subwindow shares memory
117 with the window <EM>orig</EM>, its <EM>ancestor</EM>, so that changes made to one window
118 will affect both windows. When using this routine, it is necessary to
119 call <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> before calling <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> on the
123 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-derwin">derwin</a></H3><PRE>
124 Calling <STRONG>derwin</STRONG> is the same as calling <STRONG>subwin,</STRONG> except that <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM> and
125 <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM> are relative to the origin of the window <EM>orig</EM> rather than the
126 screen. There is no difference between the subwindows and the derived
130 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></H3><PRE>
131 Calling <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG> moves a derived window (or subwindow) inside its
132 parent window. The screen-relative parameters of the window are not
133 changed. This routine is used to display different parts of the parent
134 window at the same physical position on the screen.
137 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></H3><PRE>
138 Calling <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG> creates an exact duplicate of the window <EM>win</EM>.
141 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></H3><PRE>
142 Calling <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> touches all locations in ancestors of <EM>win</EM> that are
143 changed in <EM>win</EM>. If <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> is called with second argument <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> then
144 <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> is called automatically whenever there is a change in the
148 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></H3><PRE>
149 The <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> routine touches each location in <EM>win</EM> that has been
150 touched in any of its ancestor windows. This routine is called by
151 <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually.
154 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-wcursyncup">wcursyncup</a></H3><PRE>
155 The routine <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG> updates the current cursor position of all the
156 ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the
160 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
161 Routines that return an integer return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and
162 <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon
163 successful completion.
165 Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
167 X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation
169 <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>
170 returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
171 is the parent of another window.
173 <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>
174 returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
175 of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
176 window does not fit inside the parent window.
178 <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG>
179 returns an error if the window pointer is null.
181 This implementation also maintains a list of windows, and checks
182 that the pointer passed to <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is one that it created,
183 returning an error if it was not..
185 <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>
186 returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if some part of
187 the window would be placed off-screen.
189 <STRONG>mvwin</STRONG>
190 returns an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
191 is really a pad, or if some part of the window would be placed
194 <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>
195 will fail if either of its beginning ordinates is negative, or if
196 either the number of lines or columns is negative.
198 <STRONG>syncok</STRONG>
199 returns an error if the window pointer is null.
201 <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>
202 returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or if any
203 of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or if the resulting
204 window does not fit inside the parent window.
206 The functions which return a window pointer may also fail if there is
207 insufficient memory for its data structures. Any of these functions
208 will fail if the screen has not been initialized, i.e., with <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or
209 <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>.
212 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
213 If many small changes are made to the window, the <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> option could
216 Note that <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> may be a macro.
219 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
220 The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions.
222 X/Open Curses states regarding <STRONG>delwin</STRONG>:
224 <STRONG>o</STRONG> It must delete subwindows before deleting their parent.
226 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>delwin</STRONG> is asked to delete a parent window, it can only succeed
227 if the curses library keeps a list of the subwindows. SVr4 curses
228 kept a count of the number of subwindows rather than a list. It
229 simply returned <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> when asked to delete a subwindow. Solaris
230 X/Open curses does not even make that check, and will delete a
231 parent window which still has subwindows.
233 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Since release 4.0 (1996), ncurses maintains a list of windows for
234 each screen, to ensure that a window has no subwindows before
237 <STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD copied this feature of ncurses in 2003.
238 PDCurses follows the scheme used in Solaris X/Open curses.
241 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
242 The subwindow functions <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvderwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG>,
243 <STRONG>wcursyncup</STRONG>, and <STRONG>syncok</STRONG> are flaky, incompletely implemented, and not
246 System V's <EM>curses</EM> documentation is unclear about what <STRONG>wsyncup</STRONG> and
247 <STRONG>wsyncdown</STRONG> actually do. It seems to imply that they are supposed to
248 touch only those lines that are affected by changes to a window's
249 ancestors. The language here, and behavior of <EM>ncurses</EM>, is patterned on
250 the X/Open Curses standard; this approach may result in slower updates.
253 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
254 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
255 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
259 ncurses 6.4 2023-11-25 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
263 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
264 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
265 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
267 <li><a href="#h3-newwin">newwin</a></li>
268 <li><a href="#h3-delwin">delwin</a></li>
269 <li><a href="#h3-mvwin">mvwin</a></li>
270 <li><a href="#h3-subwin">subwin</a></li>
271 <li><a href="#h3-derwin">derwin</a></li>
272 <li><a href="#h3-mvderwin">mvderwin</a></li>
273 <li><a href="#h3-dupwin">dupwin</a></li>
274 <li><a href="#h3-wsyncup">wsyncup</a></li>
275 <li><a href="#h3-wsyncdown">wsyncdown</a></li>
276 <li><a href="#h3-wcursyncup">wcursyncup</a></li>
279 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
280 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
281 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
282 <li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
283 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>