curs_kernel(3x) Library calls curs_kernel(3x)
def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode, reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode,
resetty, savetty, getsyx, setsyx, curs_set, mvcur, napms, ripoffline -
low-level curses routines
#include <curses.h>
int def_prog_mode(void);
int def_shell_mode(void);
int reset_prog_mode(void);
int reset_shell_mode(void);
int resetty(void);
int savetty(void);
void getsyx(int y, int x);
void setsyx(int y, int x);
int curs_set(int visibility);
int mvcur(int oldrow, int oldcol, int newrow, int newcol);
int napms(int ms);
int ripoffline(int line, int (*init)(WINDOW *, int));
The following routines give low-level access to various curses
capabilities. These routines typically are used inside library
routines.
The def_prog_mode and def_shell_mode routines save the current terminal
modes as the "program" (in curses) or "shell" (not in curses) state for
use by the reset_prog_mode and reset_shell_mode routines. This is done
automatically by initscr. There is one such save area for each screen
context allocated by newterm.
The reset_prog_mode and reset_shell_mode routines restore the terminal
to "program" (in curses) or "shell" (out of curses) state. These are
done automatically by endwin(3x) and, after an endwin, by doupdate, so
they normally are not called.
The resetty and savetty routines save and restore the state of the
terminal modes. savetty saves the current state in a buffer and
resetty restores the state to what it was at the last call to savetty.
getsyx stores the coordinates of virtual screen (newscr) cursor in y
and x. If newscr's leaveok(3x) output option is TRUE, getsyx stores -1
in both y and x. If lines have been removed from the top of the screen
using ripoffline, y includes these lines; therefore, y and x populated
by getsyx should be used only as arguments for setsyx.
Few applications use this feature; most call getyx(3x) instead.
setsyx sets the virtual screen (newscr) cursor location to (y, x).
setsyx(-1, -1) is equivalent to leaveok(newscr, TRUE).
getsyx and setsyx are designed to be used by a function that
manipulates curses windows but seeks to avoid changing the cursor
position. Such a function would first call getsyx, modify its windows'
content, call wnoutrefresh(3x) on them, call setsyx, then call
doupdate(3x).
Few applications use this feature; most call wmove(3x) instead.
The curs_set routine sets the cursor state to invisible, normal, or
very visible for visibility equal to 0, 1, or 2 respectively. If the
terminal supports the visibility requested, the previous cursor state
is returned; otherwise, ERR is returned.
mvcur provides low-level cursor motion. It takes effect immediately,
rather than at the next refresh. Unlike the other low-level output
functions, which either write to the standard output stream or are
passed a function pointer to perform output, mvcur uses a file
descriptor derived from the output stream parameter of newterm(3x).
One application of mvcur accompanies the temporary use of another
program to write to the terminal screen. For example, first call
refresh(3x) to ensure that the screen and the library's model of it is
up to date; then call reset_shell_mode; write to the screen with the
external application; call reset_prog_mode; and finally call mvcur to
set the cursor's location to where curses thinks it is, since the
library has no knowledge of how the external application moved it.
napms sleeps for ms milliseconds. If ms exceeds 30,000 (thirty
seconds), it is capped at that value.
ripoffline provides access to the same facility that slk_init(3x) uses
to reduce the size of the screen. ripoffline must be called before
initscr or newterm is called, to prepare these initial actions:
o If line is positive, a line is removed from the top of stdscr.
o if line is negative, a line is removed from the bottom.
When the resulting initialization is done inside initscr, the routine
init (supplied by the user) is called with two arguments:
o a window pointer to the one-line window that has been allocated and
o an integer with the number of columns in the window.
Inside this initialization routine, the integer variables LINES and
COLS (defined in <curses.h>) are not guaranteed to be accurate and
wrefresh or doupdate must not be called. It is allowable to call
wnoutrefresh during the initialization routine.
ripoffline can be called up to five times before calling initscr or
newterm.
Except for curs_set, these routines always return OK.
curs_set returns the previous cursor state, or ERR if the requested
visibility is not supported.
X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation
def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode, reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode
return ERR if the terminal was not initialized, or if the I/O call
to obtain the terminal settings fails.
ripoffline
returns ERR if the maximum number of ripped-off lines exceeds the
maximum (5).
Note that getsyx is a macro, so & is not necessary before the variables
y and x.
Older SVr4 man pages warn that the return value of curs_set "is
currently incorrect". This implementation gets it right, but it may be
unwise to count on the correctness of the return value anywhere else.
Both ncurses and SVr4 will call curs_set in endwin if curs_set has been
called to make the cursor other than normal, i.e., either invisible or
very visible. There is no way for ncurses to determine the initial
cursor state to restore that.
In ncurses, mvcur accepts -1 for either or both old coordinates. This
value tells ncurses that the old location is unknown, and that it must
use only absolute motion, as with the cursor_address (cup) capability,
rather than the least costly combination of absolute and relative
motion.
Applications employing ncurses extensions should condition their use on
the visibility of the NCURSES_VERSION preprocessor macro.
The virtual screen functions setsyx and getsyx are not described in
X/Open Curses, Issue 4. All other functions are as described in X/Open
Curses.
The SVr4 documentation describes setsyx and getsyx as having return
type int. This is misleading, as they are macros with no documented
semantics for the return value.
X/Open Curses notes:
"After use of mvcur(), the model Curses maintains of the state
of the terminal might not match the actual state of the
terminal. An application should touch and refresh the window
before resuming conventional use of Curses."
Both ncurses and SVr4 curses implement mvcur using the SCREEN data
allocated in either initscr(3x) or newterm(3x). X/Open Curses states
that the old location must be given for mvcur to accommodate terminals
that lack absolute cursor positioning.
If interrupted, ncurses restarts napms. That, and the limitation to 30
seconds, are different from other implementations.
curses(3x), curs_initscr(3x), curs_outopts(3x), curs_refresh(3x),
curs_scr_dump(3x), curs_slk(3x), curs_variables(3x)
ncurses 6.5 2024-06-08 curs_kernel(3x)