+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TRACE
+#if USE_REENTRANT
+#define COUNT_OUTCHARS(n) _nc_count_outchars(n);
+#else
+#define COUNT_OUTCHARS(n) _nc_outchars += (n);
+#endif
+#else
+#define COUNT_OUTCHARS(n) /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#define RESET_OUTCHARS() COUNT_OUTCHARS(-_nc_outchars)
+
+#define UChar(c) ((unsigned char)(c))
+#define ChCharOf(c) ((c) & (chtype)A_CHARTEXT)
+#define ChAttrOf(c) ((c) & (chtype)A_ATTRIBUTES)
+
+#ifndef MB_LEN_MAX
+#define MB_LEN_MAX 8 /* should be >= MB_CUR_MAX, but that may be a function */
+#endif
+
+#if USE_WIDEC_SUPPORT /* { */
+#define isEILSEQ(status) (((size_t)status == (size_t)-1) && (errno == EILSEQ))
+
+#define init_mb(state) memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state))
+
+#if NCURSES_EXT_COLORS
+#define NulColor , 0
+#else
+#define NulColor /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#define NulChar 0,0,0,0 /* FIXME: see CCHARW_MAX */
+#define CharOf(c) ((c).chars[0])
+#define AttrOf(c) ((c).attr)
+
+#define AddAttr(c,a) AttrOf(c) |= ((a) & A_ATTRIBUTES)
+#define RemAttr(c,a) AttrOf(c) &= ~((a) & A_ATTRIBUTES)
+#define SetAttr(c,a) AttrOf(c) = ((a) & A_ATTRIBUTES) | WidecExt(c)
+
+#define NewChar2(c,a) { a, { c, NulChar } NulColor }
+#define NewChar(ch) NewChar2(ChCharOf(ch), ChAttrOf(ch))
+
+#if CCHARW_MAX == 5
+#define CharEq(a,b) (((a).attr == (b).attr) \
+ && (a).chars[0] == (b).chars[0] \
+ && (a).chars[1] == (b).chars[1] \
+ && (a).chars[2] == (b).chars[2] \
+ && (a).chars[3] == (b).chars[3] \
+ && (a).chars[4] == (b).chars[4] \
+ if_EXT_COLORS(&& (a).ext_color == (b).ext_color))
+#else
+#define CharEq(a,b) (!memcmp(&(a), &(b), sizeof(a)))
+#endif
+
+#define SetChar(ch,c,a) do { \
+ NCURSES_CH_T *_cp = &ch; \
+ memset(_cp, 0, sizeof(ch)); \
+ _cp->chars[0] = (c); \
+ _cp->attr = (a); \
+ if_EXT_COLORS(SetPair(ch, PAIR_NUMBER(a))); \
+ } while (0)
+#define CHREF(wch) (&wch)
+#define CHDEREF(wch) (*wch)
+#define ARG_CH_T NCURSES_CH_T *
+#define CARG_CH_T const NCURSES_CH_T *
+#define PUTC_DATA char PUTC_buf[MB_LEN_MAX]; int PUTC_i, PUTC_n; \
+ mbstate_t PUT_st; wchar_t PUTC_ch
+#define PUTC_INIT init_mb (PUT_st)
+#define PUTC(ch,b) do { if(!isWidecExt(ch)) { \
+ if (Charable(ch)) { \
+ fputc(CharOf(ch), b); \
+ COUNT_OUTCHARS(1); \
+ } else { \
+ PUTC_INIT; \
+ for (PUTC_i = 0; PUTC_i < CCHARW_MAX; ++PUTC_i) { \
+ PUTC_ch = (ch).chars[PUTC_i]; \
+ if (PUTC_ch == L'\0') \
+ break; \
+ PUTC_n = wcrtomb(PUTC_buf, \
+ (ch).chars[PUTC_i], &PUT_st); \
+ if (PUTC_n <= 0) { \
+ if (PUTC_ch && is8bits(PUTC_ch) && PUTC_i == 0) \
+ putc(PUTC_ch,b); \
+ break; \
+ } \
+ fwrite(PUTC_buf, (unsigned) PUTC_n, 1, b); \
+ } \
+ COUNT_OUTCHARS(PUTC_i); \
+ } } } while (0)
+
+#define BLANK NewChar2(' ', WA_NORMAL)
+#define ZEROS NewChar2('\0', WA_NORMAL)
+#define ISBLANK(ch) ((ch).chars[0] == L' ' && (ch).chars[1] == L'\0')
+
+ /*
+ * Wide characters cannot be represented in the A_CHARTEXT mask of
+ * attr_t's but an application might have set a narrow character there.
+ * But even in that case, it would only be a printable character, or
+ * zero. Otherwise we can use those bits to tell if a cell is the
+ * first or extension part of a wide character.
+ */
+#define WidecExt(ch) (AttrOf(ch) & A_CHARTEXT)
+#define isWidecBase(ch) (WidecExt(ch) == 1)
+#define isWidecExt(ch) (WidecExt(ch) > 1 && WidecExt(ch) < 32)
+#define SetWidecExt(dst, ext) AttrOf(dst) &= ~A_CHARTEXT, \
+ AttrOf(dst) |= (ext + 1)
+
+#define if_WIDEC(code) code
+#define Charable(ch) ((SP != 0 && SP->_legacy_coding) \
+ || (AttrOf(ch) & A_ALTCHARSET) \
+ || (!isWidecExt(ch) && \
+ (ch).chars[1] == L'\0' && \
+ _nc_is_charable(CharOf(ch))))
+
+#define L(ch) L ## ch
+#else /* }{ */
+#define CharOf(c) ChCharOf(c)
+#define AttrOf(c) ChAttrOf(c)
+#define AddAttr(c,a) c |= (a)
+#define RemAttr(c,a) c &= ~((a) & A_ATTRIBUTES)
+#define SetAttr(c,a) c = ((c) & ~A_ATTRIBUTES) | (a)
+#define NewChar(ch) (ch)
+#define NewChar2(c,a) ((c) | (a))
+#define CharEq(a,b) ((a) == (b))
+#define SetChar(ch,c,a) ch = (c) | (a)
+#define CHREF(wch) wch
+#define CHDEREF(wch) wch
+#define ARG_CH_T NCURSES_CH_T
+#define CARG_CH_T NCURSES_CH_T
+#define PUTC_DATA int data = 0
+#define PUTC(ch,b) do { data = CharOf(ch); putc(data,b); } while (0)
+
+#define BLANK (' '|A_NORMAL)
+#define ZEROS ('\0'|A_NORMAL)
+#define ISBLANK(ch) (CharOf(ch) == ' ')
+
+#define isWidecExt(ch) (0)
+#define if_WIDEC(code) /* nothing */
+
+#define L(ch) ch
+#endif /* } */
+
+#define AttrOfD(ch) AttrOf(CHDEREF(ch))
+#define CharOfD(ch) CharOf(CHDEREF(ch))
+#define SetChar2(wch,ch) SetChar(wch,ChCharOf(ch),ChAttrOf(ch))
+
+#define BLANK_ATTR A_NORMAL
+#define BLANK_TEXT L(' ')