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and has all the other SYSV-curses enhancements over BSD curses.<P>
In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared that he
-considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and is encouraging the keepers of
-Unix releases such as BSD/OS, freeBSD and netBSD to switch over to
+considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and encouraged the keepers of
+Unix releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to switch over to
ncurses.<P>
The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux.
<H1>Release Notes</H1>
-This release is designed to be upward compatible from ncurses 5.0 and 5.3;
+This release is designed to be upward compatible from ncurses 5.0 through 5.6;
very few applications will require recompilation, depending on the platform.
-These are the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.3 release.
+These are the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.6 release.
<p>
Interface changes:
<ul>
- <li>add the remaining functions for X/Open curses wide-character
- support.
- <ul>
- <li>pecho_wchar()
- <li>slk_wset()
- </ul>
- These are only available if the library is configured using the
- <kbd>--enable-widec</kbd> option.
-
- <li>write <code>getyx()</code> and related 2-return macros in terms of
- <code>getcury()</code>,
- <code>getcurx()</code>, etc.
-
- <li>simplify ifdef for <code>bool</code> declaration in curses.h
-
- <li>modify ifdef's in curses.h that disabled use of
- <code>__attribute__()</code> for g++, since recent versions
- implement the cases which ncurses uses.
-
- <li>add <code>key_defined()</code> function, to tell which keycode a
- string is bound to.
+ <li>generate linkable stubs for some macros:
+ <br>
+ getattrs
+
</ul>
New features and improvements:
<ul>
<li>library
- <ul>
- <li>implement logic in lib_mouse.c to handle position reports which
- are generated when XFree86 xterm is initialized with private
- modes 1002 or 1003. These are returned to the application as the
- REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION mask, which was not implemented.
- <li>modify soft-key initialization to use A_REVERSE if A_STANDOUT
- would not be shown when colors are used, i.e., if ncv#1 is set in
- the terminfo as is done in "screen".
- <li>add configure option for FreeBSD sysmouse, --with-sysmouse, and
- implement library support for that.
- </ul>
+ <ul>
+ <li>new flavor of the ncurses library provides rudimentary
+ support for POSIX threads. Several functions are
+ reentrant, but most require either a window-level or
+ screen-level mutex.<br>
+ (This is <em>API</em>-compatible,
+ but not <em>ABI</em>-compatible with the normal library).
- <li>programs:
+ <li>add <code>NCURSES_OPAQUE</code> symbol to curses.h, will
+ use to make structs opaque in selected configurations.
- <ul>
- <li>tack:
-
- <ul>
- <li>allow it to run from fallback terminfo data.
- <li>reset colors after each color test, correct a place
- where <code>exit_standout_mode</code> was used instead of
- <code>exit_attribute_mode</code>.
- <li>improve <code>bce</code> test by making it set colors other
- than black on white.
- </ul>
-
- <li>tic:
-
- <ul>
- <li>handle a case where an entry has no
- description, and capabilities begin on the same line as the entry
- name.
- <li>allow a terminfo entry with a leading 2-character name.
- <li>improved warnings when suppressing items to fit in termcap's
- 1023-byte limit.
- <li>add check for multiple "tc=" clauses in a termcap.
- <li>correct logic for resolving "use=" clauses
- allow infocmp and tic to show cancelled capabilities.
- <li>check for incomplete line-drawing character mapping.
- <li>check for missing/empty/illegal terminfo name.
- </ul>
-
- <li>tput:
- <ul>
- <li>modify tput to use the same parameter analysis as tparm() does,
- to provide for user-defined strings, e.g., for xterm title, a
- corresponding capability might be
- title=\E]2;%p1%s^G,
- </ul>
-
- <li>tset:
-
- <ul>
- <li>use the system's default values for CKILL and other default
- control characters.
- <li>correct interchanged defaults for kill and interrupt
- characters, which caused it to report unnecessarily.
- </ul>
-
- </ul>
+ <li>add <code>NCURSES_EXT_FUNCS</code> and
+ <code>NCURSES_EXT_COLORS</code> symbols to curses.h to make
+ it simpler to tell if the extended functions and/or colors
+ are declared.
+
+ <li>add wresize() to C++ binding
+
+ <li>eliminate fixed-buffer vsprintf() calls in C++ binding.
+
+ <li>add several functions to C++ binding which wrap C functions
+ that pass a WINDOW* parameter.
+
+ <li>adapt mouse-handling code from menu library in form-library
+
+ <li>improve tracing for form library, showing created forms,
+ fields, etc.
+
+ <li>make $NCURSES_NO_PADDING feature work for termcap interface .
+
+ <li>add check to trace-file open, if the given name is a
+ directory, add ".log" to the name and try again.
+
+ <li>several new manpages: curs_legacy.3x, curs_memleaks.3x,
+ curs_opaque.3x and curs_threads.3x
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>programs:
+ <ul>
+ <li>modified three test-programs to demonstrate the threading
+ support in this version: ditto, rain, worm.
+
+ <li>several new test-programs: demo_panels, dots_mvcur,
+ inch_wide, inchs, key_name, key_names, savescreen,
+ savescreen.sh test_arrays, test_get_wstr, test_getstr,
+ test_instr, test_inwstr and test_opaque.
+
+ <li>add <code>adacurses-config</code> to the Ada95 install.
+
+ <li>modify tic <code>-f</code> option to format spaces as
+ <code>\s</code> to prevent them from being lost when that
+ is read back in unformatted strings.
+
+ <li>The <code>tack</code> program is now distributed separately
+ from ncurses.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>terminal database
+ <ul>
+ <li>added entries:
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>Eterm-256color</code>,
+ <code>Eterm-88color</code> and
+ <code>rxvt-88color</code>
+ <li><code>aterm</code>
+ <li><code>konsole-256color</code>
+ <li><code>mrxvt</code>
+ <li><code>screen.mlterm</code>
+ <li><code>screen.rxvt</code>
+ <li><code>teraterm4.59</code> is now the primary primary
+ teraterm entry, renamed original to
+ <code>teraterm2.3</code>
+ <li><code>9term</code> terminal
+ <li>Newbury Data entries
+ </ul>
+ <li>updated/improved entries:
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>gnome</code> to version 2.22.3
+ <li><code>h19</code>, <code>z100</code>
+ <li><code>konsole</code> to version 1.6.6
+ <li><code>mlterm</code>, <code>mlterm+pcfkeys</code>
+ <li><code>xterm</code>, and building-blocks for function-keys
+ to <a href="http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.log.html#xterm_230">xterm patch #230</a>.
+ </ul>
+ </ul>
</ul>
Major bug fixes:
<ul>
- <li>prevent recursion in wgetch() via wgetnstr() if the connection
- cannot be switched between cooked/raw modes because it is not a TTY.
+ <li>add logic to tic for cancelling strings in user-defined
+ capabilities
+ (this is <em>needed</em> for
+ current <code>konsole</code> terminfo entry).
- <li>correct a case in _nc_remove_string(), used by
- <code>define_key()</code>, to avoid infinite loop if the given string
- happens to be a substring of other strings which are assigned to keys.
+ <li>modify <code>mk-1st.awk</code> so the generated makefile rules for
+ linking or installing shared libraries do not first remove the
+ library, in case it is in use, e.g., <code>libncurses.so</code> by
+ <code>/bin/sh</code>.
- <li>modify logic of acsc to use the original character if no mapping is
- defined, rather than a null.
+ <li>correct check for notimeout() in wgetch().
- <li>several improvements for handling multi-cell display of wide
- characters.
- <ul>
- <li>modify setcchar() to allow converting control characters to complex
- characters.
- <li>correct handling of multibyte characters in waddch_literal() which
- force wrapping because they are started too late on the line.
- <li>modify setcchar() to allow for wchar_t input strings that have
- more than one spacing character.
- </ul>
-
- <li>other fixes for wide-character support:
- <ul>
- <li>rewrote lib_acs.c to allow PutAttrChar() to decide how to render
- alternate-characters, i.e., to work with Linux console and UTF-8
- locale.
- <li>implement a workaround so that line-drawing works with screen's
- crippled UTF-8 support (tested with 3.9.13). This only works with
- the wide-character support (--enable-widec); the normal library
- will simply suppress line-drawing when running in a UTF-8 locale in
- screen.
- <li>corrections to lib_get_wstr.c:
- <ul>
- <li>null-terminate buffer passed to setcchar(), which occasionally
- failed.
- <li>map special characters such as erase- and kill-characters into
- key-codes so those will work as expected even if they are not
- mentioned in the terminfo.
- </ul>
- </ul>
-
- <li>modify <code>setupterm()</code> to check if the terminfo and
- terminal-modes have already been read. This ensures that it does not
- reinvoke <code>def_prog_mode()</code> when an application calls more
- than one function, such as <code>tgetent()</code> and
- <code>initscr()</code>.
-
- <li>fix form_driver() cases for REQ_CLR_EOF, REQ_CLR_EOL, REQ_DEL_CHAR,
- REQ_DEL_PREV and REQ_NEW_LINE, which did not ensure the cursor was at
- the editing position before making modifications.
-
- <li>correct <code>keybound()</code>, which reported definitions in the
- wrong table, i.e., the list of definitions which are disabled by
- <code>keyok()</code>.
-
- <li>fixes related to safe_sprintf.c:
- <ul>
- <li>correct an allocation size in safe_sprintf.c for the "*" format
- code.
- <li>correct safe_sprintf.c to not return a null pointer if the format
- happens to be an empty string.
- <li>make return value from _nc_printf_string() consistent. Before,
- depending on whether --enable-safe-sprintf was used, it might not
- be cached for reallocating.
- </ul>
-
- <li>other low-level improvements to the optimization code include:
- <ul>
- <li>if the output is a socket or other non-tty device, use 1
- millisecond
- for the cost in mvcur; previously it was 9 milliseconds because the
- baudrate was not known.
- <li>modify lib_getch.c to avoid recursion via wgetnstr() when the
- input
- is not a tty and consequently mode-changes do not work.
- <li>fix several places in tack/pad.c which tested and used the
- parameter- and parameterless strings inconsistently.
- <li>change several tputs() calls in scrolling code to use putp(), to
- enable padding which may be needed for some terminals.
- <li>improve mvcur() by checking if it is safe to move when video
- attributes are set (msgr), and if not, reset/restore attributes
- within that function rather than doing it separately in the GoTo()
- function in tty_update.c.
- <li>use tputs() rather than putp() in a few cases in tty_update.c
- since the corresponding delays are proportional to the number of
- lines affected: repeat_char, clr_eos, change_scroll_region.
- </ul>
-
- <li>correct line/column reference in adjust_window(), needed to make
- special windows such as curscr track properly when resizing.
-
- <li>fix a potential recursion between napms() and _nc_timed_wait()
-
- <li>rewrote lib_insch.c, combining it with lib_insstr.c so both handle
- tab and other control characters consistently.
-
- <li>do not try to open gpm mouse driver if standard output is not a
- tty; the gpm library does not make this check.
+ <li>fix a sign-extension bug in infocmp's repair_acsc() function.
+
+ <li>change winnstr() to stop at the end of the line.
+
+ <li>make Ada95 demo_panels() example work.
+
+ <li>fix for adding a non-spacing character at the beginning of a line.
+
+ <li>fill in extended-color pair to make colors work
+ for wide-characters using extended-colors.
+
+ <li>improve refresh of window on top of multi-column characters,
+ taking into account split characters on left/right window
+ boundaries.
+
+ <li>modify <code>win_wchnstr()</code> to ensure that only a base cell
+ is returned for each multi-column character.
+
+ <li>improve <code>waddch()</code> and <code>winsch()</code> handling of
+ EILSEQ from <code>mbrtowc()</code> by using <code>unctrl()</code>
+ to display illegal bytes rather than trying to append further bytes
+ to make up a valid sequence.
+
+ <li>restore <code>curs_set()</code> state after
+ <code>endwin()</code>/<code>refresh()</code>
+
+ <li>modify <code>keyname()</code> to use "^X" form only if
+ <code>meta()</code> has been called, or if <code>keyname()</code>
+ is called without initializing curses, e.g., via
+ <code>initscr()</code> or <code>newterm()</code>.
+
+ <li>modify <code>unctrl()</code> to check codes in 128-255 range versus
+ <code>isprint()</code>.
+ If they are not printable, and locale was set, use a "M-" or "~"
+ sequence.
+
+ <li>improve <code>resizeterm()</code> by moving ripped-off lines, and
+ repainting the soft-keys.
+
+ <li>modify form library to accept control characters such as newline
+ in set_field_buffer(), which is compatible with Solaris.
+
+ <li>use <code>NCURSES_MOUSE_MASK()</code> in definition of
+ <code>BUTTON_RELEASE()</code>, etc., to make those work properly
+ with the <code>--enable-ext-mouse</code> configuration
+
+ <li>correct some functions in Ada95 binding which were using return
+ value from C where none was returned.
+
+ <li>reviewed/fixed issues reported by Coverity and Klocwork tools.
</ul>
Portability:
<ul>
<li>new options:
<dl>
- <dt>--with-abi-version option.
- <dd>addresses platforms where packagers have diverged from
- ncurses ABI numbering.
- <dt>--with-manpage-format=catonly
- <dd>addresses
- behavior of BSDI, allow install of man+cat files on NetBSD,
- whose behavior has diverged by requiring both to be present.
- <dt>--with-manpage-aliases
- <dd>extends
- "--with-manpage-aliases" to provide the option of generating
- ".so" files rather than symbolic links for manpage aliases.
- <dt>--with-rel-version
- <dd>workaround to force
- libtool on Darwin generate the "same" library names as with
- the "--with-shared" option. The Darwin ld program does not
- work well with a zero as the minor-version value.
- <dt>--with-trace
- <dd>simplifies defining TRACE to incorporate trace() in libraries.
+
+ <dt>--disable-big-strings
+ <dd>control whether static string tables are generated as single
+ large strings (to improve startup performance), or as array
+ of individual strings.
+
+ <dt>--disable-relink
+ <dd>control whether shared libraries are relinked (during install)
+ when rpath is enabled.
+
+ <dt>--disable-tic-depends
+ <dd>make explicit whether tic library depends on ncurses/ncursesw
+ library.
+
+ <dt>--enable-mixed-case
+ <dd>override the configure script's check if the filesystem
+ supports mixed-case filenames.
+ This allows one to control how the terminal database
+ maps to the filesystem.
+ For filesystems that do not support mixed-case, the library
+ uses generate 2-character (hexadecimal) codes for the
+ lower-level of the filesystem terminfo database
+
+ <dt>--enable-reentrant
+ <dd>builds a different flavor of the ncurses library (ncursest)
+ which improves reentrant use of the
+ library by reducing global and static variables
+ (see the "--with-pthread" option for the threaded support).
+
+ <dt>--enable-weak-symbols
+ <dd>use weak-symbols for linking to the POSIX thread library,
+ and use the same soname for the ncurses shared library
+ as the normal library (caveat: the ABI is for the threaded
+ library, which makes global data accessed via functions).
+
+ <dt>--with-pthread
+ <dd>build with the POSIX thread library (tested with AIX,
+ Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, HPUX, IRIX64, Solaris, Tru64).
+
+ <dt>--with-ticlib
+ <dd>build/install the tic-support functions in a separate library
+
</dl>
-
- <li>fixes/improvements for cross-compiling:
-
- <ul>
- <li>allow BUILD_CC and related configure script variables to be
- overridden from the environment.
- <li>use AC_CHECK_TOOL to get proper values for AR and LD for cross
- compiling.
- <li>use <code>$cross_compiling</code> variable in configure script
- rather than comparing <code>$host_alias</code> and
- <code>$target</code> alias, since "host" is traditionally misused
- in autoconf to refer to the target platform.
- <li>modify run_tic.in to avoid using wrong shared libraries when
- cross-compiling.
- </ul>
-
- <li>fixes for Mac OS X:
- <ul>
- <li>fix a redefinition of <code>$RANLIB</code> in the configure
- script when libtool is used.
- <li>modify MKlib_gen.sh to avoid passing "#" tokens through the C
- preprocessor. This works around Mac OS X's preprocessor, which
- insists on adding a blank on each side of the token.
- </ul>
-
- <li>workarounds for broken tools:
- <ul>
- <li>add configure check for wchar_t and wint_t types, rather than
- rely on preprocessor definitions. Also work around for gcc
- <code>fixinclude</code> bug which creates a shadow copy of
- curses.h if it sees these symbols apparently typedef'd.
- <li>modify configure script to omit -Winline for gcc 3.3, since
- that feature is broken.
- <li>several script fixes to work around the ironically named
- <em>POSIXLY_CORRECT</em> feature of GNU sed 4.0.
- <li>modify configure script to avoid using "head -1", which does
- not work if POSIXLY_CORRECT (sic) is set.
- <li>update configure script to reflect fix for
- AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL, which is broken in autoconf 2.5x for Mac
- OS X 10.2.3.
- <li>repair check for missing C++ compiler, which is broken in
- autoconf 2.5x by hardcoding it to g++.
- </ul>
-
- <li>corrected ifdef's relating to configure check for wchar_t, etc.
- <li>remove configure script check to allow -Wconversion for older
- versions of gcc
- <li>modify configure script to accommodate libtool 1.5, as well as
- add an parameter to the "--with-libtool" option which can specify
- the pathname of libtool.
- <li>change several sed scripts to avoid using "\+" since it is not a
- BRE (basic regular expression). One instance caused terminfo.5 to
- be misformatted on FreeBSD.
- <li>use '%' as sed substitute delimiter in run_tic script to avoid
- problems with pathname delimiters such as ':' and '@'.
- <li>add -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 if needed when configuring with
- "--enable-widec", to get <code>mbstate_t</code> declaration on HPUX
- 11.11.
- </ul>
-
- <li>library:
- <ul>
- <li>adjust include-options in CF_ETIP_DEFINES to avoid missing
- ncurses_dll.h, fixing special definitions that may be needed for
- etip.h.
- <li>modify CF_LIB_SUFFIX for Itanium releases of HP-UX, which use a
- ".so" suffix.
- <li>improve ifdef's to guard against redefinition of wchar_t and wint_t
- in curses.h.
- <li>remove an #undef for KEY_EVENT from curses.tail used in the
- experimental NCURSES_WGETCH_EVENTS feature. The #undef confuses
- Debian <code>dpkg</code>'s build script.
- </ul>
+
+ <li>improved options:
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>--enable-ext-colors
+ <dd>requires the wide-character configuration.
+
+ <dt>--with-chtype
+ <dd>ignore option value "unsigned" is always added to
+ the type in curses.h; do the same for --with-mmask-t.
+
+ <dt>--with-dmalloc
+ <dd>build-fix for redefinition of <code>strndup</code>.
+
+ <dt>--with-hashed-db
+ <dd>accepts a parameter which is the install-prefix of a given
+ Berkeley Database.
+
+ <dt>--with-hashed-db
+ <dd>the $LIBS environment variable overrides the search for the db
+ library.
+
+ <dt>--without-hashed-db
+ <dd>assumed when "--disable-database" is used.
+
+ </dl>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>other configure/build issues:
+ <ul>
+ <li>build-fixes for LynxOS
+ <li>modify shared-library rules to allow FreeBSD 3.x to use rpath.
+ <li>build-fix for FreeBSD "contemporary" TTY interface.
+ <li>build-fixes for AIX with libtool.
+ <li>build-fixes for Darwin and libtool.
+ <li>modify BeOS-specific ifdef's to build on Haiku.
+ <li>corrected gcc options for building shared libraries on Solaris
+ and IRIX64.
+ <li>change shared-library configuration for OpenBSD, make rpath work.
+ <li>build-fixes for using libutf8, e.g., on OpenBSD 3.7
+ <li>add "-e" option in ncurses/Makefile.in when generating source-files
+ to force earlier exit if the build environment fails unexpectedly.
+ <li>add support for shared libraries for QNX.
+ <li>change delimiter in <code>MKlib_gen.sh</code> from '%' to '@', to
+ avoid substitution by IBM xlc to '#' as part of its extensions to
+ digraphs.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>library:
+ <ul>
+ <li>rewrite wrapper for <code>wcrtomb()</code>, making it work on
+ Solaris. This is used in the form library to determine the length
+ of the buffer needed by <code>field_buffer</code>.
+ <li>add/use configure script macro CF_SIG_ATOMIC_T, use the corresponding
+ type for data manipulated by signal handlers.
+ <li>set locale in misc/ncurses-config.in since it uses a range
+ <li>disable GPM mouse support when $TERM does not happen to contain
+ "linux", since Gpm_Open() no longer limits its assertion to terminals
+ that it might handle, e.g., within "screen" in xterm.
+ <li>reset mouse file-descriptor when unloading GPM library.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>test programs:
+ <ul>
+ <li>update test programs to build/work with various UNIX curses for
+ comparisons.
+ </ul>
</ul>
<H1>Features of Ncurses</H1>
<UL>
<LI>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/OPEN curses
specification, XSI curses (that is, it implements all BASE level features,
-but not all EXTENDED features). Most EXTENDED-level features not directly
-concerned with wide-character support are implemented, including many
-function calls not supported under SVr4 curses (but portability of all
+and most EXTENDED features).
+It includes many function calls not supported under SVr4 curses
+(but portability of all
calls is documented so you can use the SVr4 subset only).
<LI>Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner
of the screen if your terminal has an insert-character capability.
<LI>Ada95 and C++ bindings.
-<LI>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and OS/2 console windows.
+<LI>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm
+and FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.
<LI>Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm package.
<LI>The function <CODE>wresize()</CODE> allows you to resize windows, preserving
their data.
you to better control the use of function keys,
e.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE,
or by defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key code.
-<LI>Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and XFree86 xterm.
+<LI>Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm, when configured
+using the <code>--enable-ext-colors</code> option.
+<LI>Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and modern xterm.
<LI>Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now features a
cursor-local-movement computation more efficient than either BSD's
or System V's.
<br>
<DT> pinfo
<DD> Lynx-like info browser.
-<A HREF="http://dione.ids.pl/~pborys/software/pinfo/">http://dione.ids.pl/~pborys/software/pinfo/</A>
+<A HREF="https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/">https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/</A>
<DT> tin
<DD> newsreader, supporting color, MIME
<A HREF="http://www.tin.org/">http://www.tin.org/</A>
-<DT> vh-1.6
-<DD> Volks-Hypertext browser for the Jargon File
-<br>
-<A HREF="http://www.debian.org/Packages/unstable/text/vh.html">http://www.debian.org/Packages/unstable/text/vh.html</A>
</DL>
as well as some that use ncurses for the terminfo support alone:
<DL>
<DT> minicom
<DD> terminal emulator
<br>
-<A HREF="http://www.netsonic.fi/~walker/minicom.html">http://www.netsonic.fi/~walker/minicom.html</A>
+<A HREF="http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/">
+http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/</A>
<DT> vile
<DD> vi-like-emacs
<br>
<H2>Other Related Resources</H2>
The distribution provides a newer version of the terminfo-format
-terminal description file maintained by
+terminal description file once maintained by
<A HREF="http://www.catb.org/~esr/terminfo/">Eric Raymond</A> .
Unlike the older version, the termcap and terminfo data are provided
-in the same file.<P>
+in the same file, and provides several user-definable extensions
+beyond the X/Open specification.<P>
You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
not covered in the terminfo file at