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-
-
-
- ncurses - CRT screen handling and optimization package
-
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
- #include
-
-
-
-DESCRIPTION
- The ncurses library routines give the user a terminal-
- independent method of updating character screens with
- reasonable optimization. This implementation is ``new
- curses'' (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for
- 4.4BSD classic curses, which has been discontinued.
-
- The ncurses routines emulate the curses(3X) library of
- System V Release 4 UNIX, and the XPG4 curses standard (XSI
- curses) but the ncurses library is freely redistributable
- in source form. Differences from the SVr4 curses are
- summarized under the EXTENSIONS and BUGS sections below
- and described in detail in the EXTENSIONS and BUGS
- sections of individual man pages.
-
- A program using these routines must be linked with the
- -lncurses option, or (if it has been generated) with the
- debugging library -lncurses_g. (Your system integrator
- may also have installed these libraries under the names
- -lcurses and -lcurses_g.) The ncurses_g library generates
- trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current
- directory) that describe curses actions.
-
- The ncurses package supports: overall screen, window and
- pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading
- terminal input; control over terminal and curses input and
- output options; environment query routines; color
- manipulation; use of soft label keys; terminfo
- capabilities; and access to low-level terminal-
- manipulation routines.
-
- To initialize the routines, the routine initscr or newterm
- must be called before any of the other routines that deal
- with windows and screens are used. The routine endwin
- must be called before exiting. To get character-at-a-time
- input without echoing (most interactive, screen oriented
- programs want this), the following sequence should be
- used:
-
- initscr(); cbreak(); noecho();
-
- Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
-
- nonl();
- intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
- keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
-
- defined, must be output. This can be done by executing
- the tput init command after the shell environment variable
- TERM has been exported. tset(1) is usually responsible
- for doing this. [See terminfo(5) for further details.]
-
- The ncurses library permits manipulation of data
- structures, called windows, which can be thought of as
- two-dimensional arrays of characters representing all or
- part of a CRT screen. A default window called stdscr,
- which is the size of the terminal screen, is supplied.
- Others may be created with newwin.
-
- Note that curses does not handle overlapping windows,
- that's done by the panel(3X) library. This means that you
- can either use stdscr or divide the screen into tiled
- windows and not using stdscr at all. Mixing the two will
- result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects.
-
- Windows are referred to by variables declared as WINDOW *.
- These data structures are manipulated with routines
- described here and elsewhere in the ncurses manual pages.
- Among which the most basic routines are move and addch.
- More general versions of these routines are included with
- names beginning with w, allowing the user to specify a
- window. The routines not beginning with w affect stdscr.)
-
- After using routines to manipulate a window, refresh is
- called, telling curses to make the user's CRT screen look
- like stdscr. The characters in a window are actually of
- type chtype, (character and attribute data) so that other
- information about the character may also be stored with
- each character.
-
- Special windows called pads may also be manipulated.
- These are windows which are not constrained to the size of
- the screen and whose contents need not be completely
- displayed. See curs_pad(3X) for more information.
-
- In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video
- attributes and colors may be supported, causing the
- characters to show up in such modes as underlined, in
- reverse video, or in color on terminals that support such
- display enhancements. Line drawing characters may be
- specified to be output. On input, curses is also able to
- translate arrow and function keys that transmit escape
- sequences into single values. The video attributes, line
- drawing characters, and input values use names, defined in
- , such as A_REVERSE, ACS_HLINE, and KEY_LEFT.
-
- If the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS are set, or
- if the program is executing in a window environment, line
- and column information in the environment will override
- of a screen is changeable (see ENVIRONMENT).
-
- If the environment variable TERMINFO is defined, any
- program using curses checks for a local terminal
- definition before checking in the standard place. For
- example, if TERM is set to att4424, then the compiled
- terminal definition is found in
-
- @DATADIR@/terminfo/a/att4424.
-
- (The a is copied from the first letter of att4424 to avoid
- creation of huge directories.) However, if TERMINFO is
- set to $HOME/myterms, curses first checks
-
- $HOME/myterms/a/att4424,
-
- and if that fails, it then checks
-
- @DATADIR@/terminfo/a/att4424.
-
- This is useful for developing experimental definitions or
- when write permission in @DATADIR@/terminfo is not
- available.
-
- The integer variables LINES and COLS are defined in
- and will be filled in by initscr with the size
- of the screen. The constants TRUE and FALSE have the
- values 1 and 0, respectively.
-
- The curses routines also define the WINDOW * variable
- curscr which is used for certain low-level operations like
- clearing and redrawing a screen containing garbage. The
- curscr can be used in only a few routines.
-
-
- Routine and Argument Names
- Many curses routines have two or more versions. The
- routines prefixed with w require a window argument. The
- routines prefixed with p require a pad argument. Those
- without a prefix generally use stdscr.
-
- The routines prefixed with mv require a y and x coordinate
- to move to before performing the appropriate action. The
- mv routines imply a call to move before the call to the
- other routine. The coordinate y always refers to the row
- (of the window), and x always refers to the column. The
- upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
-
- The routines prefixed with mvw take both a window argument
- and x and y coordinates. The window argument is always
- specified before the coordinates.
-
- WINDOW.
-
- Option setting routines require a Boolean flag bf with the
- value TRUE or FALSE; bf is always of type bool. The
- variables ch and attrs below are always of type chtype.
- The types WINDOW, SCREEN, bool, and chtype are defined in
- . The type TERMINAL is defined in .
- All other arguments are integers.
-
-
- Routine Name Index
- The following table lists each curses routine and the name
- of the manual page on which it is described. Routines
- flagged with `*' are ncurses-specific, not described by
- XPG4 or present in SVr4.
-
- center tab(/); l l l l . curses Routine Name/Manual Page
- Name = addch/curs_addch(3X) addchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
- addchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) addnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
- addstr/curs_addstr(3X) attr_get/curs_attr(3X)
- attr_off/curs_attr(3X) attr_on/curs_attr(3X)
- attr_set/curs_attr(3X) attroff/curs_attr(3X)
- attron/curs_attr(3X) attrset/curs_attr(3X)
- baudrate/curs_termattrs(3X) beep/curs_beep(3X)
- bkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) bkgdset/curs_bkgd(3X)
- border/curs_border(3X) box/curs_border(3X)
- can_change_color/curs_color(3X) cbreak/curs_inopts(3X)
- chgat/curs_attr(3X) clear/curs_clear(3X)
- clearok/curs_outopts(3X) clrtobot/curs_clear(3X)
- clrtoeol/curs_clear(3X) color_content/curs_color(3X)
- color_set/curs_attr(3X) copywin/curs_overlay(3X)
- curs_set/curs_kernel(3X) def_prog_mode/curs_kernel(3X)
- def_shell_mode/curs_kernel(3X) define_key/define_key(3X)*
- del_curterm/curs_terminfo(3X) delay_output/curs_util(3X)
- delch/curs_delch(3X) deleteln/curs_deleteln(3X)
- delscreen/curs_initscr(3X) delwin/curs_window(3X)
- derwin/curs_window(3X) doupdate/curs_refresh(3X)
- dupwin/curs_window(3X) echo/curs_inopts(3X)
- echochar/curs_addch(3X) endwin/curs_initscr(3X)
- erase/curs_clear(3X) erasechar/curs_termattrs(3X)
- filter/curs_util(3X) flash/curs_beep(3X)
- flushinp/curs_util(3X) getbegyx/curs_getyx(3X)
- getbkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) getch/curs_getch(3X)
- getmaxyx/curs_getyx(3X) getmouse/curs_mouse(3X)*
- getnstr/curs_getstr(3X) getparyx/curs_getyx(3X)
- getstr/curs_getstr(3X) getsyx/curs_kernel(3X)
- getwin/curs_util(3X) getyx/curs_getyx(3X)
- halfdelay/curs_inopts(3X) has_colors/curs_color(3X)
- has_ic/curs_termattrs(3X) has_il/curs_termattrs(3X)
- has_key/curs_getch(3X)* hline/curs_border(3X)
- idcok/curs_outopts(3X) idlok/curs_outopts(3X)
- immedok/curs_outopts(3X) inch/curs_inch(3X)
- initscr/curs_initscr(3X) innstr/curs_instr(3X)
- insch/curs_insch(3X) insdelln/curs_deleteln(3X)
- insertln/curs_deleteln(3X) insnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
- insstr/curs_insstr(3X) instr/curs_instr(3X)
- intrflush/curs_inopts(3X) is_linetouched/curs_touch(3X)
- is_wintouched/curs_touch(3X) isendwin/curs_initscr(3X)
- keyname/curs_util(3X) keyok/keyok(3X)*
- keypad/curs_inopts(3X) killchar/curs_termattrs(3X)
- leaveok/curs_outopts(3X) longname/curs_termattrs(3X)
- mcprint/curs_print(3X)* meta/curs_inopts(3X)
- mouseinterval/curs_mouse(3X)* mousemask/curs_mouse(3X)*
- move/curs_move(3X) mvaddch/curs_addch(3X)
- mvaddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X) mvaddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
- mvaddnstr/curs_addstr(3X) mvaddstr/curs_addstr(3X)
- mvchgat/curs_attr(3X) mvcur/curs_terminfo(3X)
- mvdelch/curs_delch(3X) mvderwin/curs_window(3X)
- mvgetch/curs_getch(3X) mvgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X)
- mvgetstr/curs_getstr(3X) mvhline/curs_border(3X)
- mvinch/curs_inch(3X) mvinchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
- mvinchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) mvinnstr/curs_instr(3X)
- mvinsch/curs_insch(3X) mvinsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
- mvinsstr/curs_insstr(3X) mvinstr/curs_instr(3X)
- mvprintw/curs_printw(3X) mvscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
- mvwaddch/curs_addch(3X) mvwaddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
- mvwaddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) mvwaddnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
- mvwaddstr/curs_addstr(3X) mvwchgat/curs_attr(3X)
- mvwdelch/curs_delch(3X) mvwgetch/curs_getch(3X)
- mvwgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X) mvwgetstr/curs_getstr(3X)
- mvwhline/curs_border(3X) mvwin/curs_window(3X)
- mvwinch/curs_inch(3X) mvwinchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
- mvwinchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) mvwinnstr/curs_instr(3X)
- mvwinsch/curs_insch(3X) mvwinsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
- mvwinsstr/curs_insstr(3X) mvwinstr/curs_instr(3X)
- mvwprintw/curs_printw(3X) mvwscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
- mvwvline/curs_border(3X) napms/curs_kernel(3X)
- newpad/curs_pad(3X) newterm/curs_initscr(3X)
- newwin/curs_window(3X) nl/curs_outopts(3X)
- nocbreak/curs_inopts(3X) nodelay/curs_inopts(3X)
- noecho/curs_inopts(3X) nonl/curs_outopts(3X)
- noqiflush/curs_inopts(3X) noraw/curs_inopts(3X)
- notimeout/curs_inopts(3X) overlay/curs_overlay(3X)
- overwrite/curs_overlay(3X) pair_content/curs_color(3X)
- pechochar/curs_pad(3X) pnoutrefresh/curs_pad(3X)
- prefresh/curs_pad(3X) printw/curs_printw(3X)
- putp/curs_terminfo(3X) putwin/curs_util(3X)
- qiflush/curs_inopts(3X) raw/curs_inopts(3X)
- redrawwin/curs_refresh(3X) refresh/curs_refresh(3X)
- reset_prog_mode/curs_kernel(3X)
- reset_shell_mode/curs_kernel(3X) resetty/curs_kernel(3X)
- resizeterm/resizeterm(3X)* restartterm/curs_terminfo(3X)
- ripoffline/curs_kernel(3X) savetty/curs_kernel(3X)
- scanw/curs_scanw(3X) scr_dump/curs_scr_dump(3X)
- scroll/curs_scroll(3X) scrollok/curs_outopts(3X)
- set_curterm/curs_terminfo(3X) set_term/curs_initscr(3X)
- setscrreg/curs_outopts(3X) setsyx/curs_kernel(3X)
- setterm/curs_terminfo(3X) setupterm/curs_terminfo(3X)
- slk_attr/curs_slk(3X)* slk_attr_off/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_attr_on/curs_slk(3X) slk_attr_set/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_attroff/curs_slk(3X) slk_attron/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_attrset/curs_slk(3X) slk_clear/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_color/curs_slk(3X) slk_init/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_label/curs_slk(3X) slk_noutrefresh/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_refresh/curs_slk(3X) slk_restore/curs_slk(3X)
- slk_set/curs_slk(3X) slk_touch/curs_slk(3X)
- standend/curs_attr(3X) standout/curs_attr(3X)
- start_color/curs_color(3X) subpad/curs_pad(3X)
- subwin/curs_window(3X) syncok/curs_window(3X)
- termattrs/curs_termattrs(3X) termname/curs_termattrs(3X)
- tgetent/curs_termcap(3X) tgetflag/curs_termcap(3X)
- tgetnum/curs_termcap(3X) tgetstr/curs_termcap(3X)
- tgoto/curs_termcap(3X) tigetflag/curs_terminfo(3X)
- tigetnum/curs_terminfo(3X) tigetstr/curs_terminfo(3X)
- timeout/curs_inopts(3X) touchline/curs_touch(3X)
- touchwin/curs_touch(3X) tparm/curs_terminfo(3X)
- tputs/curs_termcap(3X) tputs/curs_terminfo(3X)
- typeahead/curs_inopts(3X) unctrl/curs_util(3X)
- ungetch/curs_getch(3X) ungetmouse/curs_mouse(3X)*
- untouchwin/curs_touch(3X) use_default_colors/dft_fgbg(3X)*
- use_env/curs_util(3X) vidattr/curs_terminfo(3X)
- vidputs/curs_terminfo(3X) vline/curs_border(3X)
- vw_printw/curs_printw(3X) vw_scanw/curs_scanw(3X)
- vwprintw/curs_printw(3X) vwscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
- waddch/curs_addch(3X) waddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
- waddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) waddnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
- waddstr/curs_addstr(3X) wattr_get/curs_attr(3X)
- wattr_off/curs_attr(3X) wattr_on/curs_attr(3X)
- wattr_set/curs_attr(3X) wattroff/curs_attr(3X)
- wattron/curs_attr(3X) wattrset/curs_attr(3X)
- wbkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) wbkgdset/curs_bkgd(3X)
- wborder/curs_border(3X) wchgat/curs_attr(3X)
- wclear/curs_clear(3X) wclrtobot/curs_clear(3X)
- wclrtoeol/curs_clear(3X) wcolor_set/curs_attr(3X)
- wcursyncup/curs_window(3X) wdelch/curs_delch(3X)
- wdeleteln/curs_deleteln(3X) wechochar/curs_addch(3X)
- wenclose/curs_mouse(3X)* werase/curs_clear(3X)
- wgetch/curs_getch(3X) wgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X)
- wgetstr/curs_getstr(3X) whline/curs_border(3X)
- winch/curs_inch(3X) winchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
- winchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) winnstr/curs_instr(3X)
- winsch/curs_insch(3X) winsdelln/curs_deleteln(3X)
- winsertln/curs_deleteln(3X) winsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
- winsstr/curs_insstr(3X) winstr/curs_instr(3X)
- wmouse_trafo/curs_mouse(3X) wmove/curs_move(3X)
- wnoutrefresh/curs_refresh(3X) wprintw/curs_printw(3X)
- wscrl/curs_scroll(3X) wsetscrreg/curs_outopts(3X)
- wstandend/curs_attr(3X) wstandout/curs_attr(3X)
- wsyncdown/curs_window(3X) wsyncup/curs_window(3X)
- wtimeout/curs_inopts(3X) wtouchln/curs_touch(3X)
- wvline/curs_border(3X)
-
-
-
-RETURN VALUE
- Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure
- and an integer value other than ERR upon successful
- completion, unless otherwise noted in the routine
- descriptions.
-
- All macros return the value of the w version, except
- setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx, getmaxyx. The
- return values of setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx,
- and getmaxyx are undefined (i.e., these should not be used
- as the right-hand side of assignment statements).
-
- Routines that return pointers return NULL on error.
-
-
-
-ENVIRONMENT
- The following environment symbols are useful for
- customizing the runtime behavior of the ncurses library.
- The most important ones have been already discussed in
- detail.
-
- BAUDRATE
- The debugging library checks this environment symbol
- when the application has redirected output to a file.
- The symbol's numeric value is used for the baudrate.
- If no value is found ncurses uses 9600. This allows
- testers to construct repeatable test-cases that take
- into account costs that depend on baudrate.
-
- CC When set, change occurrences of the command_character
- (i.e., the cmdch capability) of the loaded terminfo
- entries to the value of this symbol. Very few
- terminfo entries provide this feature.
-
- COLUMNS
- Specify the width of the screen in characters.
- Applications running in a windowing environment
- usually are able to obtain the width of the window in
- which they are executing. If neither the $COLUMNS
- value nor the terminal's screen size is available,
- ncurses uses the size which may be specified in the
- terminfo database (i.e., the cols capability).
-
- It is important that your application use a correct
- size for the screen. However, this is not always
- possible because your application may be running on a
- host which does not honor NAWS (Negotiations About
-
- Either COLUMNS or LINES symbols may be specified
- independently. This is mainly useful to circumvent
- legacy misfeatures of terminal descriptions, e.g.,
- xterm which commonly specifies a 65 line screen. For
- best results, lines and cols should not be specified
- in a terminal description for terminals which are run
- as emulations.
-
- Use the use_env function to disable this feature.
-
- ESCDELAY
- Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which
- ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a
- function key. The default value, 1000 milliseconds,
- is enough for most uses. However, it is made a
- variable to accommodate unusual applications.
-
- The most common instance where you may wish to change
- this value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running
- on a network. If the host cannot read characters
- rapidly enough, it will have the same effect as if
- the terminal did not send characters rapidly enough.
- The library will still see a timeout.
-
- Note that xterm mouse events are built up from
- character sequences received from the xterm. If your
- application makes heavy use of multiple-clicking, you
- may wish to lengthen this default value because the
- timeout applies to the composed multi-click event as
- well as the individual clicks.
-
- HOME Tells ncurses where your home directory is. That is
- where it may read and write auxiliary terminal
- descriptions:
-
- $HOME/.termcap
- $HOME/.terminfo
-
- LINES
- Like COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in
- characters. See COLUMNS for a detailed description.
-
- MOUSE_BUTTONS_123
- This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port. It specifies
- the order of buttons on the mouse. OS/2 numbers a
- 3-button mouse inconsistently from other platforms:
-
- 1 = left
- 2 = right
- 3 = middle.
-
- 123 or 321. If it is not specified, ncurses uses
- 132.
-
- NCURSES_NO_PADDING
- Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo
- database are written for real "hardware" terminals.
- Many people use terminal emulators which run in a
- windowing environment and use curses-based
- applications. Terminal emulators can duplicate all
- of the important aspects of a hardware terminal, but
- they do not have the same limitations. The chief
- limitation of a hardware terminal from the standpoint
- of your application is the management of dataflow,
- i.e., timing. Unless a hardware terminal is
- interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which does
- flow control), it (or your application) must manage
- dataflow, preventing overruns. The cheapest solution
- (no hardware cost) is for your program to do this by
- pausing after operations that the terminal does
- slowly, such as clearing the display.
-
- As a result, many terminal descriptions (including
- the vt100) have delay times embedded. You may wish
- to use these descriptions, but not want to pay the
- performance penalty.
-
- Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING symbol to disable all but
- mandatory padding. Mandatory padding is used as a
- part of special control sequences such as flash.
-
- NCURSES_NO_SETBUF
- Normally ncurses enables buffered output during
- terminal initialization. This is done (as in SVr4
- curses) for performance reasons. For testing
- purposes, both of ncurses and certain applications,
- this feature is made optional. Setting the
- NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable disables output buffering,
- leaving the output in the original (usually line
- buffered) mode.
-
- NCURSES_TRACE
- During initialization, the ncurses debugging library
- checks the NCURSES_TRACE symbol. If it is defined,
- to a numeric value, ncurses calls the trace function,
- using that value as the argument.
-
- The argument values, which are defined in curses.h,
- provide several types of information. When running
- with traces enabled, your application will write the
- file trace to the current directory.
-
- TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is
- If the ncurses library has been configured with
- termcap support, ncurses will check for a terminal's
- description in termcap form if it is not available in
- the terminfo database.
-
- The TERMCAP symbol contains either a terminal
- description (with newlines stripped out), or a file
- name telling where the information denoted by the
- TERM symbol exists. In either case, setting it
- directs ncurses to ignore the usual place for this
- information, e.g., /etc/termcap.
-
- TERMINFO
- Overrides the directory in which ncurses searches for
- your terminal description. This is the simplest, but
- not the only way to change the list of directories.
- The complete list of directories in order follows:
-
- - the last directory to which ncurses wrote, if any,
- is searched first.
-
- - the directory specified by the TERMINFO symbol
-
- - $HOME/.terminfo
-
- - directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS symbol
-
- - one or more directories whose names are configured
- and compiled into the ncurses library, e.g.,
- @DATADIR@/terminfo
-
- TERMINFO_DIRS
- Specifies a list of directories to search for
- terminal descriptions. The list is separated by
- colons (i.e., ":"). All of the terminal descriptions
- are in terminfo form, which makes a subdirectory
- named for the first letter of the terminal names
- therein.
-
- TERMPATH
- If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then ncurses
- checks the TERMPATH symbol. This is a list of
- filenames separated by colons (i.e., ":"). If the
- TERMPATH symbol is not set, ncurses looks in the
- files /etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and
- $HOME/.termcap, in that order.
-
-
-
-FILES
- @DATADIR@/tabset
- directory containing initialization files for the
- terminal capability database @DATADIR@/terminfo
- terminal capability database
-
- terminfo(5) and 3X pages whose names begin "curs_" for
- detailed routine descriptions.
-
-
-
-EXTENSIONS
- The ncurses library can be compiled with an option
- (-DUSE_GETCAP) that falls back to the old-style
- /etc/termcap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a
- terminfo entry corresponding to TERM. Use of this feature
- is not recommended, as it essentially includes an entire
- termcap compiler in the ncurses startup code, at
- significant cost in core and startup cycles.
-
- The ncurses library includes facilities for capturing
- mouse events on certain terminals (including xterm). See
- the curs_mouse(3X) manual page for details.
-
- The ncurses library includes facilities for responding to
- window resizing events, e.g., when running in an xterm.
- See the resizeterm(3X) and wresize(3X) manual pages for
- details. In addition, the library may be configured with
- a SIGWINCH handler.
-
- The ncurses library extends the fixed set of function key
- capabilities of terminals by allowing the application
- designer to define additional key sequences at runtime.
- See the define_key(3X) and keyok(3X) manual pages for
- details.
-
- The ncurses library can exploit the capabilities of
- terminals which implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49
- controls, which allow an application to reset the terminal
- to its original foreground and background colors. From
- the users' perspective, the application is able to draw
- colored text on a background whose color is set
- independently, providing better control over color
- contrasts. See the use_default_colors(3X) manual page for
- details.
-
- The ncurses library includes a function for directing
- application output to a printer attached to the terminal
- device. See the curs_print(3X) manual page for details.
-
-
-
-PORTABILITY
- The ncurses library is intended to be BASE-level
- conformant with the XSI Curses standard. Certain portions
- of the EXTENDED XSI Curses functionality (including color
- support) are supported. The following EXTENDED XSI Curses
- calls in support of wide (multibyte) characters are not
- yet implemented: add_wch, add_wchnstr, add_wchstr,
- addnwstr, addwstr, bkgrnd, bkgrndset, border_set, box_set,
- echo_wchar, erasewchar, get_wch, get_wstr, getbkgrnd,
- getcchar, getn_wstr, getwchtype, hline_set, in_wch,
- killwchar, mvadd_wch, mvadd_wchnstr, mvadd_wchstr,
- mvaddnwstr, mvaddwstr, mvget_wch, mvget_wstr, mvgetn_wstr,
- mvhline_set, mvin_wch, mvinnwstr, mvins_nwstr, mvins_wch,
- mvins_wstr, mvinwchnstr, mvinwchstr, mvinwchstr, mvinwstr,
- mvvline_set, mvwadd_wch, mvwadd_wchnstr, mvwadd_wchstr,
- mvwaddnwstr, mvwaddwstr, mvwget_ch, mvwget_wch,
- mvwget_wstr, mvwgetn_wstr, mvwhline_set, mvwin_wch,
- mvwin_wchnstr, mvwin_wchstr, mvwinnwstr, mvwins_nwstr,
- mvwins_wch, mvwins_wstr, mvwinwchnstr. mvwinwstr,
- mvwvline_set, pecho_wchar, setcchar, slk_wset, term_attrs,
- unget_wch, vhline_set, vid_attr, vid_puts, vline_set,
- wadd_wch, wadd_wchnstr, wadd_wchstr, waddnwstr, waddwstr,
- waddwstr, wbkgrnd, wbkgrndset, wbkgrndset, wborder_set,
- wecho_wchar, wecho_wchar, wget_wch, wget_wstr, wgetbkgrnd,
- wgetn_wstr, whline_set, win_wch, win_wchnstr, win_wchstr,
- winnwstr, wins_nwstr, wins_wch, wins_wstr, winwchnstr,
- winwchstr, winwstr, wunctrl, wvline_set,
-
- A small number of local differences (that is, individual
- differences between the XSI Curses and ncurses calls) are
- described in PORTABILITY sections of the library man
- pages.
-
- The routine has_key is not part of XPG4, nor is it present
- in SVr4. See the curs_getch(3X) manual page for details.
-
- The routine slk_attr is not part of XPG4, nor is it
- present in SVr4. See the curs_slk(3X) manual page for
- details.
-
- The routines getmouse, mousemask, ungetmouse,
- mouseinterval, and wenclose relating to mouse interfacing
- are not part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4. See
- the curs_mouse(3X) manual page for details.
-
- The routine mcprint was not present in any previous curses
- implementation. See the curs_print(3X) manual page for
- details.
-
- The routine wresize is not part of XPG4, nor is it present
- in SVr4. See the wresize(3X) manual page for details.
-
- In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the
- capabilities cr, ind, cub1, ff and tab activated
- corresponding delay bits in the UNIX tty driver. In this
- implementation, all padding is done by NUL sends. This
- method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the
- interface to the UNIX kernel significantly and increases
- the package's portability correspondingly.
-
- In the XSI standard and SVr4 manual pages, many entry
- points have prototype arguments of the for char *const (or
- (see section 3.5.4.1), these declarations are either (a)
- meaningless, or (b) meaningless and illegal. The
- declaration const char *x is a modifiable pointer to
- unmodifiable data, but char *const x' is an unmodifiable
- pointer to modifiable data. Given that C passes arguments
- by value, *const as a formal type is at best
- dubious. Some compilers choke on the prototypes.
- Therefore, in this implementation, they have been changed
- to const * globally.
-
-
-
-NOTES
- The header file automatically includes the
- header files and .
-
- If standard output from a ncurses program is re-directed
- to something which is not a tty, screen updates will be
- directed to standard error. This was an undocumented
- feature of AT&T System V Release 3 curses.
-
-
-
-AUTHORS
- Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.
- Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.
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