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+
+
+
+ ncurses - CRT screen handling and optimization package
+
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ #include
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ The ncurses library routines give the user a terminal-
+ independent method of updating character screens with
+ reasonable optimization. This implementation is ``new
+ curses'' (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for
+ 4.4BSD classic curses, which has been discontinued.
+
+ The ncurses routines emulate the curses(3X) library of
+ System V Release 4 UNIX, and the XPG4 curses standard (XSI
+ curses) but the ncurses library is freely redistributable
+ in source form. Differences from the SVr4 curses are
+ summarized under the EXTENSIONS and BUGS sections below
+ and described in detail in the EXTENSIONS and BUGS
+ sections of individual man pages.
+
+ A program using these routines must be linked with the
+ -lncurses option, or (if it has been generated) with the
+ debugging library -lncurses_g. (Your system integrator
+ may also have installed these libraries under the names
+ -lcurses and -lcurses_g.) The ncurses_g library generates
+ trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current
+ directory) that describe curses actions.
+
+ The ncurses package supports: overall screen, window and
+ pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading
+ terminal input; control over terminal and curses input and
+ output options; environment query routines; color
+ manipulation; use of soft label keys; terminfo
+ capabilities; and access to low-level terminal-
+ manipulation routines.
+
+ To initialize the routines, the routine initscr or newterm
+ must be called before any of the other routines that deal
+ with windows and screens are used. The routine endwin
+ must be called before exiting. To get character-at-a-time
+ input without echoing (most interactive, screen oriented
+ programs want this), the following sequence should be
+ used:
+
+ initscr(); cbreak(); noecho();
+
+ Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
+
+ nonl();
+ intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
+ keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
+
+ defined, must be output. This can be done by executing
+ the tput init command after the shell environment variable
+ TERM has been exported. tset(1) is usually responsible
+ for doing this. [See terminfo(5) for further details.]
+
+ The ncurses library permits manipulation of data
+ structures, called windows, which can be thought of as
+ two-dimensional arrays of characters representing all or
+ part of a CRT screen. A default window called stdscr,
+ which is the size of the terminal screen, is supplied.
+ Others may be created with newwin.
+
+ Note that curses does not handle overlapping windows,
+ that's done by the panel(3X) library. This means that you
+ can either use stdscr or divide the screen into tiled
+ windows and not using stdscr at all. Mixing the two will
+ result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects.
+
+ Windows are referred to by variables declared as WINDOW *.
+ These data structures are manipulated with routines
+ described here and elsewhere in the ncurses manual pages.
+ Among which the most basic routines are move and addch.
+ More general versions of these routines are included with
+ names beginning with w, allowing the user to specify a
+ window. The routines not beginning with w affect stdscr.)
+
+ After using routines to manipulate a window, refresh is
+ called, telling curses to make the user's CRT screen look
+ like stdscr. The characters in a window are actually of
+ type chtype, (character and attribute data) so that other
+ information about the character may also be stored with
+ each character.
+
+ Special windows called pads may also be manipulated.
+ These are windows which are not constrained to the size of
+ the screen and whose contents need not be completely
+ displayed. See curs_pad(3X) for more information.
+
+ In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video
+ attributes and colors may be supported, causing the
+ characters to show up in such modes as underlined, in
+ reverse video, or in color on terminals that support such
+ display enhancements. Line drawing characters may be
+ specified to be output. On input, curses is also able to
+ translate arrow and function keys that transmit escape
+ sequences into single values. The video attributes, line
+ drawing characters, and input values use names, defined in
+ , such as A_REVERSE, ACS_HLINE, and KEY_LEFT.
+
+ If the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS are set, or
+ if the program is executing in a window environment, line
+ and column information in the environment will override
+ of a screen is changeable (see ENVIRONMENT).
+
+ If the environment variable TERMINFO is defined, any
+ program using curses checks for a local terminal
+ definition before checking in the standard place. For
+ example, if TERM is set to att4424, then the compiled
+ terminal definition is found in
+
+ @DATADIR@/terminfo/a/att4424.
+
+ (The a is copied from the first letter of att4424 to avoid
+ creation of huge directories.) However, if TERMINFO is
+ set to $HOME/myterms, curses first checks
+
+ $HOME/myterms/a/att4424,
+
+ and if that fails, it then checks
+
+ @DATADIR@/terminfo/a/att4424.
+
+ This is useful for developing experimental definitions or
+ when write permission in @DATADIR@/terminfo is not
+ available.
+
+ The integer variables LINES and COLS are defined in
+ and will be filled in by initscr with the size
+ of the screen. The constants TRUE and FALSE have the
+ values 1 and 0, respectively.
+
+ The curses routines also define the WINDOW * variable
+ curscr which is used for certain low-level operations like
+ clearing and redrawing a screen containing garbage. The
+ curscr can be used in only a few routines.
+
+
+ Routine and Argument Names
+ Many curses routines have two or more versions. The
+ routines prefixed with w require a window argument. The
+ routines prefixed with p require a pad argument. Those
+ without a prefix generally use stdscr.
+
+ The routines prefixed with mv require a y and x coordinate
+ to move to before performing the appropriate action. The
+ mv routines imply a call to move before the call to the
+ other routine. The coordinate y always refers to the row
+ (of the window), and x always refers to the column. The
+ upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
+
+ The routines prefixed with mvw take both a window argument
+ and x and y coordinates. The window argument is always
+ specified before the coordinates.
+
+ WINDOW.
+
+ Option setting routines require a Boolean flag bf with the
+ value TRUE or FALSE; bf is always of type bool. The
+ variables ch and attrs below are always of type chtype.
+ The types WINDOW, SCREEN, bool, and chtype are defined in
+ . The type TERMINAL is defined in .
+ All other arguments are integers.
+
+
+ Routine Name Index
+ The following table lists each curses routine and the name
+ of the manual page on which it is described. Routines
+ flagged with `*' are ncurses-specific, not described by
+ XPG4 or present in SVr4.
+
+ center tab(/); l l l l . curses Routine Name/Manual Page
+ Name = addch/curs_addch(3X) addchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
+ addchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) addnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
+ addstr/curs_addstr(3X) attr_get/curs_attr(3X)
+ attr_off/curs_attr(3X) attr_on/curs_attr(3X)
+ attr_set/curs_attr(3X) attroff/curs_attr(3X)
+ attron/curs_attr(3X) attrset/curs_attr(3X)
+ baudrate/curs_termattrs(3X) beep/curs_beep(3X)
+ bkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) bkgdset/curs_bkgd(3X)
+ border/curs_border(3X) box/curs_border(3X)
+ can_change_color/curs_color(3X) cbreak/curs_inopts(3X)
+ chgat/curs_attr(3X) clear/curs_clear(3X)
+ clearok/curs_outopts(3X) clrtobot/curs_clear(3X)
+ clrtoeol/curs_clear(3X) color_content/curs_color(3X)
+ color_set/curs_attr(3X) copywin/curs_overlay(3X)
+ curs_set/curs_kernel(3X) def_prog_mode/curs_kernel(3X)
+ def_shell_mode/curs_kernel(3X) define_key/define_key(3X)*
+ del_curterm/curs_terminfo(3X) delay_output/curs_util(3X)
+ delch/curs_delch(3X) deleteln/curs_deleteln(3X)
+ delscreen/curs_initscr(3X) delwin/curs_window(3X)
+ derwin/curs_window(3X) doupdate/curs_refresh(3X)
+ dupwin/curs_window(3X) echo/curs_inopts(3X)
+ echochar/curs_addch(3X) endwin/curs_initscr(3X)
+ erase/curs_clear(3X) erasechar/curs_termattrs(3X)
+ filter/curs_util(3X) flash/curs_beep(3X)
+ flushinp/curs_util(3X) getbegyx/curs_getyx(3X)
+ getbkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) getch/curs_getch(3X)
+ getmaxyx/curs_getyx(3X) getmouse/curs_mouse(3X)*
+ getnstr/curs_getstr(3X) getparyx/curs_getyx(3X)
+ getstr/curs_getstr(3X) getsyx/curs_kernel(3X)
+ getwin/curs_util(3X) getyx/curs_getyx(3X)
+ halfdelay/curs_inopts(3X) has_colors/curs_color(3X)
+ has_ic/curs_termattrs(3X) has_il/curs_termattrs(3X)
+ has_key/curs_getch(3X)* hline/curs_border(3X)
+ idcok/curs_outopts(3X) idlok/curs_outopts(3X)
+ immedok/curs_outopts(3X) inch/curs_inch(3X)
+ initscr/curs_initscr(3X) innstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ insch/curs_insch(3X) insdelln/curs_deleteln(3X)
+ insertln/curs_deleteln(3X) insnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
+ insstr/curs_insstr(3X) instr/curs_instr(3X)
+ intrflush/curs_inopts(3X) is_linetouched/curs_touch(3X)
+ is_wintouched/curs_touch(3X) isendwin/curs_initscr(3X)
+ keyname/curs_util(3X) keyok/keyok(3X)*
+ keypad/curs_inopts(3X) killchar/curs_termattrs(3X)
+ leaveok/curs_outopts(3X) longname/curs_termattrs(3X)
+ mcprint/curs_print(3X)* meta/curs_inopts(3X)
+ mouseinterval/curs_mouse(3X)* mousemask/curs_mouse(3X)*
+ move/curs_move(3X) mvaddch/curs_addch(3X)
+ mvaddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X) mvaddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
+ mvaddnstr/curs_addstr(3X) mvaddstr/curs_addstr(3X)
+ mvchgat/curs_attr(3X) mvcur/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ mvdelch/curs_delch(3X) mvderwin/curs_window(3X)
+ mvgetch/curs_getch(3X) mvgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X)
+ mvgetstr/curs_getstr(3X) mvhline/curs_border(3X)
+ mvinch/curs_inch(3X) mvinchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
+ mvinchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) mvinnstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ mvinsch/curs_insch(3X) mvinsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
+ mvinsstr/curs_insstr(3X) mvinstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ mvprintw/curs_printw(3X) mvscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
+ mvwaddch/curs_addch(3X) mvwaddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
+ mvwaddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) mvwaddnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
+ mvwaddstr/curs_addstr(3X) mvwchgat/curs_attr(3X)
+ mvwdelch/curs_delch(3X) mvwgetch/curs_getch(3X)
+ mvwgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X) mvwgetstr/curs_getstr(3X)
+ mvwhline/curs_border(3X) mvwin/curs_window(3X)
+ mvwinch/curs_inch(3X) mvwinchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
+ mvwinchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) mvwinnstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ mvwinsch/curs_insch(3X) mvwinsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
+ mvwinsstr/curs_insstr(3X) mvwinstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ mvwprintw/curs_printw(3X) mvwscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
+ mvwvline/curs_border(3X) napms/curs_kernel(3X)
+ newpad/curs_pad(3X) newterm/curs_initscr(3X)
+ newwin/curs_window(3X) nl/curs_outopts(3X)
+ nocbreak/curs_inopts(3X) nodelay/curs_inopts(3X)
+ noecho/curs_inopts(3X) nonl/curs_outopts(3X)
+ noqiflush/curs_inopts(3X) noraw/curs_inopts(3X)
+ notimeout/curs_inopts(3X) overlay/curs_overlay(3X)
+ overwrite/curs_overlay(3X) pair_content/curs_color(3X)
+ pechochar/curs_pad(3X) pnoutrefresh/curs_pad(3X)
+ prefresh/curs_pad(3X) printw/curs_printw(3X)
+ putp/curs_terminfo(3X) putwin/curs_util(3X)
+ qiflush/curs_inopts(3X) raw/curs_inopts(3X)
+ redrawwin/curs_refresh(3X) refresh/curs_refresh(3X)
+ reset_prog_mode/curs_kernel(3X)
+ reset_shell_mode/curs_kernel(3X) resetty/curs_kernel(3X)
+ resizeterm/resizeterm(3X)* restartterm/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ ripoffline/curs_kernel(3X) savetty/curs_kernel(3X)
+ scanw/curs_scanw(3X) scr_dump/curs_scr_dump(3X)
+ scroll/curs_scroll(3X) scrollok/curs_outopts(3X)
+ set_curterm/curs_terminfo(3X) set_term/curs_initscr(3X)
+ setscrreg/curs_outopts(3X) setsyx/curs_kernel(3X)
+ setterm/curs_terminfo(3X) setupterm/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ slk_attr/curs_slk(3X)* slk_attr_off/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_attr_on/curs_slk(3X) slk_attr_set/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_attroff/curs_slk(3X) slk_attron/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_attrset/curs_slk(3X) slk_clear/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_color/curs_slk(3X) slk_init/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_label/curs_slk(3X) slk_noutrefresh/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_refresh/curs_slk(3X) slk_restore/curs_slk(3X)
+ slk_set/curs_slk(3X) slk_touch/curs_slk(3X)
+ standend/curs_attr(3X) standout/curs_attr(3X)
+ start_color/curs_color(3X) subpad/curs_pad(3X)
+ subwin/curs_window(3X) syncok/curs_window(3X)
+ termattrs/curs_termattrs(3X) termname/curs_termattrs(3X)
+ tgetent/curs_termcap(3X) tgetflag/curs_termcap(3X)
+ tgetnum/curs_termcap(3X) tgetstr/curs_termcap(3X)
+ tgoto/curs_termcap(3X) tigetflag/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ tigetnum/curs_terminfo(3X) tigetstr/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ timeout/curs_inopts(3X) touchline/curs_touch(3X)
+ touchwin/curs_touch(3X) tparm/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ tputs/curs_termcap(3X) tputs/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ typeahead/curs_inopts(3X) unctrl/curs_util(3X)
+ ungetch/curs_getch(3X) ungetmouse/curs_mouse(3X)*
+ untouchwin/curs_touch(3X) use_default_colors/dft_fgbg(3X)*
+ use_env/curs_util(3X) vidattr/curs_terminfo(3X)
+ vidputs/curs_terminfo(3X) vline/curs_border(3X)
+ vw_printw/curs_printw(3X) vw_scanw/curs_scanw(3X)
+ vwprintw/curs_printw(3X) vwscanw/curs_scanw(3X)
+ waddch/curs_addch(3X) waddchnstr/curs_addchstr(3X)
+ waddchstr/curs_addchstr(3X) waddnstr/curs_addstr(3X)
+ waddstr/curs_addstr(3X) wattr_get/curs_attr(3X)
+ wattr_off/curs_attr(3X) wattr_on/curs_attr(3X)
+ wattr_set/curs_attr(3X) wattroff/curs_attr(3X)
+ wattron/curs_attr(3X) wattrset/curs_attr(3X)
+ wbkgd/curs_bkgd(3X) wbkgdset/curs_bkgd(3X)
+ wborder/curs_border(3X) wchgat/curs_attr(3X)
+ wclear/curs_clear(3X) wclrtobot/curs_clear(3X)
+ wclrtoeol/curs_clear(3X) wcolor_set/curs_attr(3X)
+ wcursyncup/curs_window(3X) wdelch/curs_delch(3X)
+ wdeleteln/curs_deleteln(3X) wechochar/curs_addch(3X)
+ wenclose/curs_mouse(3X)* werase/curs_clear(3X)
+ wgetch/curs_getch(3X) wgetnstr/curs_getstr(3X)
+ wgetstr/curs_getstr(3X) whline/curs_border(3X)
+ winch/curs_inch(3X) winchnstr/curs_inchstr(3X)
+ winchstr/curs_inchstr(3X) winnstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ winsch/curs_insch(3X) winsdelln/curs_deleteln(3X)
+ winsertln/curs_deleteln(3X) winsnstr/curs_insstr(3X)
+ winsstr/curs_insstr(3X) winstr/curs_instr(3X)
+ wmouse_trafo/curs_mouse(3X) wmove/curs_move(3X)
+ wnoutrefresh/curs_refresh(3X) wprintw/curs_printw(3X)
+ wscrl/curs_scroll(3X) wsetscrreg/curs_outopts(3X)
+ wstandend/curs_attr(3X) wstandout/curs_attr(3X)
+ wsyncdown/curs_window(3X) wsyncup/curs_window(3X)
+ wtimeout/curs_inopts(3X) wtouchln/curs_touch(3X)
+ wvline/curs_border(3X)
+
+
+
+RETURN VALUE
+ Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure
+ and an integer value other than ERR upon successful
+ completion, unless otherwise noted in the routine
+ descriptions.
+
+ All macros return the value of the w version, except
+ setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx, getmaxyx. The
+ return values of setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx,
+ and getmaxyx are undefined (i.e., these should not be used
+ as the right-hand side of assignment statements).
+
+ Routines that return pointers return NULL on error.
+
+
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+ The following environment symbols are useful for
+ customizing the runtime behavior of the ncurses library.
+ The most important ones have been already discussed in
+ detail.
+
+ BAUDRATE
+ The debugging library checks this environment symbol
+ when the application has redirected output to a file.
+ The symbol's numeric value is used for the baudrate.
+ If no value is found ncurses uses 9600. This allows
+ testers to construct repeatable test-cases that take
+ into account costs that depend on baudrate.
+
+ CC When set, change occurrences of the command_character
+ (i.e., the cmdch capability) of the loaded terminfo
+ entries to the value of this symbol. Very few
+ terminfo entries provide this feature.
+
+ COLUMNS
+ Specify the width of the screen in characters.
+ Applications running in a windowing environment
+ usually are able to obtain the width of the window in
+ which they are executing. If neither the $COLUMNS
+ value nor the terminal's screen size is available,
+ ncurses uses the size which may be specified in the
+ terminfo database (i.e., the cols capability).
+
+ It is important that your application use a correct
+ size for the screen. However, this is not always
+ possible because your application may be running on a
+ host which does not honor NAWS (Negotiations About
+
+ Either COLUMNS or LINES symbols may be specified
+ independently. This is mainly useful to circumvent
+ legacy misfeatures of terminal descriptions, e.g.,
+ xterm which commonly specifies a 65 line screen. For
+ best results, lines and cols should not be specified
+ in a terminal description for terminals which are run
+ as emulations.
+
+ Use the use_env function to disable this feature.
+
+ ESCDELAY
+ Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which
+ ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a
+ function key. The default value, 1000 milliseconds,
+ is enough for most uses. However, it is made a
+ variable to accommodate unusual applications.
+
+ The most common instance where you may wish to change
+ this value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running
+ on a network. If the host cannot read characters
+ rapidly enough, it will have the same effect as if
+ the terminal did not send characters rapidly enough.
+ The library will still see a timeout.
+
+ Note that xterm mouse events are built up from
+ character sequences received from the xterm. If your
+ application makes heavy use of multiple-clicking, you
+ may wish to lengthen this default value because the
+ timeout applies to the composed multi-click event as
+ well as the individual clicks.
+
+ HOME Tells ncurses where your home directory is. That is
+ where it may read and write auxiliary terminal
+ descriptions:
+
+ $HOME/.termcap
+ $HOME/.terminfo
+
+ LINES
+ Like COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in
+ characters. See COLUMNS for a detailed description.
+
+ MOUSE_BUTTONS_123
+ This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port. It specifies
+ the order of buttons on the mouse. OS/2 numbers a
+ 3-button mouse inconsistently from other platforms:
+
+ 1 = left
+ 2 = right
+ 3 = middle.
+
+ 123 or 321. If it is not specified, ncurses uses
+ 132.
+
+ NCURSES_NO_PADDING
+ Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo
+ database are written for real "hardware" terminals.
+ Many people use terminal emulators which run in a
+ windowing environment and use curses-based
+ applications. Terminal emulators can duplicate all
+ of the important aspects of a hardware terminal, but
+ they do not have the same limitations. The chief
+ limitation of a hardware terminal from the standpoint
+ of your application is the management of dataflow,
+ i.e., timing. Unless a hardware terminal is
+ interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which does
+ flow control), it (or your application) must manage
+ dataflow, preventing overruns. The cheapest solution
+ (no hardware cost) is for your program to do this by
+ pausing after operations that the terminal does
+ slowly, such as clearing the display.
+
+ As a result, many terminal descriptions (including
+ the vt100) have delay times embedded. You may wish
+ to use these descriptions, but not want to pay the
+ performance penalty.
+
+ Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING symbol to disable all but
+ mandatory padding. Mandatory padding is used as a
+ part of special control sequences such as flash.
+
+ NCURSES_NO_SETBUF
+ Normally ncurses enables buffered output during
+ terminal initialization. This is done (as in SVr4
+ curses) for performance reasons. For testing
+ purposes, both of ncurses and certain applications,
+ this feature is made optional. Setting the
+ NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable disables output buffering,
+ leaving the output in the original (usually line
+ buffered) mode.
+
+ NCURSES_TRACE
+ During initialization, the ncurses debugging library
+ checks the NCURSES_TRACE symbol. If it is defined,
+ to a numeric value, ncurses calls the trace function,
+ using that value as the argument.
+
+ The argument values, which are defined in curses.h,
+ provide several types of information. When running
+ with traces enabled, your application will write the
+ file trace to the current directory.
+
+ TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is
+ If the ncurses library has been configured with
+ termcap support, ncurses will check for a terminal's
+ description in termcap form if it is not available in
+ the terminfo database.
+
+ The TERMCAP symbol contains either a terminal
+ description (with newlines stripped out), or a file
+ name telling where the information denoted by the
+ TERM symbol exists. In either case, setting it
+ directs ncurses to ignore the usual place for this
+ information, e.g., /etc/termcap.
+
+ TERMINFO
+ Overrides the directory in which ncurses searches for
+ your terminal description. This is the simplest, but
+ not the only way to change the list of directories.
+ The complete list of directories in order follows:
+
+ - the last directory to which ncurses wrote, if any,
+ is searched first.
+
+ - the directory specified by the TERMINFO symbol
+
+ - $HOME/.terminfo
+
+ - directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS symbol
+
+ - one or more directories whose names are configured
+ and compiled into the ncurses library, e.g.,
+ @DATADIR@/terminfo
+
+ TERMINFO_DIRS
+ Specifies a list of directories to search for
+ terminal descriptions. The list is separated by
+ colons (i.e., ":"). All of the terminal descriptions
+ are in terminfo form, which makes a subdirectory
+ named for the first letter of the terminal names
+ therein.
+
+ TERMPATH
+ If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then ncurses
+ checks the TERMPATH symbol. This is a list of
+ filenames separated by colons (i.e., ":"). If the
+ TERMPATH symbol is not set, ncurses looks in the
+ files /etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and
+ $HOME/.termcap, in that order.
+
+
+
+FILES
+ @DATADIR@/tabset
+ directory containing initialization files for the
+ terminal capability database @DATADIR@/terminfo
+ terminal capability database
+
+ terminfo(5) and 3X pages whose names begin "curs_" for
+ detailed routine descriptions.
+
+
+
+EXTENSIONS
+ The ncurses library can be compiled with an option
+ (-DUSE_GETCAP) that falls back to the old-style
+ /etc/termcap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a
+ terminfo entry corresponding to TERM. Use of this feature
+ is not recommended, as it essentially includes an entire
+ termcap compiler in the ncurses startup code, at
+ significant cost in core and startup cycles.
+
+ The ncurses library includes facilities for capturing
+ mouse events on certain terminals (including xterm). See
+ the curs_mouse(3X) manual page for details.
+
+ The ncurses library includes facilities for responding to
+ window resizing events, e.g., when running in an xterm.
+ See the resizeterm(3X) and wresize(3X) manual pages for
+ details. In addition, the library may be configured with
+ a SIGWINCH handler.
+
+ The ncurses library extends the fixed set of function key
+ capabilities of terminals by allowing the application
+ designer to define additional key sequences at runtime.
+ See the define_key(3X) and keyok(3X) manual pages for
+ details.
+
+ The ncurses library can exploit the capabilities of
+ terminals which implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49
+ controls, which allow an application to reset the terminal
+ to its original foreground and background colors. From
+ the users' perspective, the application is able to draw
+ colored text on a background whose color is set
+ independently, providing better control over color
+ contrasts. See the use_default_colors(3X) manual page for
+ details.
+
+ The ncurses library includes a function for directing
+ application output to a printer attached to the terminal
+ device. See the curs_print(3X) manual page for details.
+
+
+
+PORTABILITY
+ The ncurses library is intended to be BASE-level
+ conformant with the XSI Curses standard. Certain portions
+ of the EXTENDED XSI Curses functionality (including color
+ support) are supported. The following EXTENDED XSI Curses
+ calls in support of wide (multibyte) characters are not
+ yet implemented: add_wch, add_wchnstr, add_wchstr,
+ addnwstr, addwstr, bkgrnd, bkgrndset, border_set, box_set,
+ echo_wchar, erasewchar, get_wch, get_wstr, getbkgrnd,
+ getcchar, getn_wstr, getwchtype, hline_set, in_wch,
+ killwchar, mvadd_wch, mvadd_wchnstr, mvadd_wchstr,
+ mvaddnwstr, mvaddwstr, mvget_wch, mvget_wstr, mvgetn_wstr,
+ mvhline_set, mvin_wch, mvinnwstr, mvins_nwstr, mvins_wch,
+ mvins_wstr, mvinwchnstr, mvinwchstr, mvinwchstr, mvinwstr,
+ mvvline_set, mvwadd_wch, mvwadd_wchnstr, mvwadd_wchstr,
+ mvwaddnwstr, mvwaddwstr, mvwget_ch, mvwget_wch,
+ mvwget_wstr, mvwgetn_wstr, mvwhline_set, mvwin_wch,
+ mvwin_wchnstr, mvwin_wchstr, mvwinnwstr, mvwins_nwstr,
+ mvwins_wch, mvwins_wstr, mvwinwchnstr. mvwinwstr,
+ mvwvline_set, pecho_wchar, setcchar, slk_wset, term_attrs,
+ unget_wch, vhline_set, vid_attr, vid_puts, vline_set,
+ wadd_wch, wadd_wchnstr, wadd_wchstr, waddnwstr, waddwstr,
+ waddwstr, wbkgrnd, wbkgrndset, wbkgrndset, wborder_set,
+ wecho_wchar, wecho_wchar, wget_wch, wget_wstr, wgetbkgrnd,
+ wgetn_wstr, whline_set, win_wch, win_wchnstr, win_wchstr,
+ winnwstr, wins_nwstr, wins_wch, wins_wstr, winwchnstr,
+ winwchstr, winwstr, wunctrl, wvline_set,
+
+ A small number of local differences (that is, individual
+ differences between the XSI Curses and ncurses calls) are
+ described in PORTABILITY sections of the library man
+ pages.
+
+ The routine has_key is not part of XPG4, nor is it present
+ in SVr4. See the curs_getch(3X) manual page for details.
+
+ The routine slk_attr is not part of XPG4, nor is it
+ present in SVr4. See the curs_slk(3X) manual page for
+ details.
+
+ The routines getmouse, mousemask, ungetmouse,
+ mouseinterval, and wenclose relating to mouse interfacing
+ are not part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4. See
+ the curs_mouse(3X) manual page for details.
+
+ The routine mcprint was not present in any previous curses
+ implementation. See the curs_print(3X) manual page for
+ details.
+
+ The routine wresize is not part of XPG4, nor is it present
+ in SVr4. See the wresize(3X) manual page for details.
+
+ In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the
+ capabilities cr, ind, cub1, ff and tab activated
+ corresponding delay bits in the UNIX tty driver. In this
+ implementation, all padding is done by NUL sends. This
+ method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the
+ interface to the UNIX kernel significantly and increases
+ the package's portability correspondingly.
+
+ In the XSI standard and SVr4 manual pages, many entry
+ points have prototype arguments of the for char *const (or
+ (see section 3.5.4.1), these declarations are either (a)
+ meaningless, or (b) meaningless and illegal. The
+ declaration const char *x is a modifiable pointer to
+ unmodifiable data, but char *const x' is an unmodifiable
+ pointer to modifiable data. Given that C passes arguments
+ by value, *const as a formal type is at best
+ dubious. Some compilers choke on the prototypes.
+ Therefore, in this implementation, they have been changed
+ to const * globally.
+
+
+
+NOTES
+ The header file automatically includes the
+ header files and .
+
+ If standard output from a ncurses program is re-directed
+ to something which is not a tty, screen updates will be
+ directed to standard error. This was an undocumented
+ feature of AT&T System V Release 3 curses.
+
+
+
+AUTHORS
+ Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.
+ Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.
+
+
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