-
-The ncurses (new curses) library is a free software emulation of
-curses in System V Release 4.0, and more. It uses terminfo format,
-supports pads and color
-and multiple highlights and forms characters and function-key mapping,
-and has all the other SYSV-curses enhancements over BSD curses.
-
-In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared that he
-considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and encouraged the keepers of
-Unix releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to switch over to
-ncurses.
-
-The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux.
-It has been in use for some time with OpenBSD as the system curses library,
-and on FreeBSD and NetBSD as an external package.
-It should port easily to any ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX.
-It has even been ported to OS/2 Warp!
-
-The distribution includes the library and support utilities, including a
-terminfo compiler tic(1), a decompiler infocmp(1), clear(1), tput(1), tset(1),
-and a termcap conversion tool captoinfo(1). Full manual pages are provided for
-the library and tools.
-
-This release is designed to be upward compatible from ncurses 5.0 through 5.5;
-very few applications will require recompilation, depending on the platform.
-These are the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.5 release.
-
-Interface changes:
-
-
generate linkable stubs for some macros:
-
- getbegx, getbegy, getcurx, getcury, getmaxx, getmaxy, getparx,
- getpary, getpary,
-
- and (for libncursesw)
-
- wgetbkgrnd
-
-
-New features and improvements:
-
-
library
-
-
support hashed databases for the terminal descriptions.
- This uses the Berkeley database, has been tested for
- several versions on different platforms.
-
-
add use_legacy_coding() function to support
- lynx's font-switching feature.
-
-
add extension nofilter(), to cancel a prior
- filter() call.
-
-
add/install a package config script, e.g.,
- ncurses5-config or
- ncursesw5-config, according to
- configuration options.
-
-
provide ifdef for NCURSES_NOMACROS which
- suppresses most macro definitions from curses.h, i.e.,
- where a macro is defined to override a function to improve
- performance.
-
-
make ifdef's consistent in curses.h for the
- extended colors so the header file can be used for the
- normal curses library. The header file installed for
- extended colors is a variation of the wide-character
- configuration.
-
-
improve tgetstr() by making the return value
- point into the user's buffer, if provided.
-
-
add ifdef's allowing ncurses to be built with
- tparm() using either varargs (the existing
- status), or using a fixed-parameter list (to match X/Open).
-
-
widen the test for xterm kmous a little to
- allow for other
- strings than "\E[M", e.g., for xterm-sco
- functionality in xterm.
-
-
modify wgetnstr() to return
- KEY_RESIZE if a sigwinch occurs.
-
-
move prototypes for wide-character trace functions from
- curses.tail to curses.wide to avoid accidental reference to
- those if _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is defined
- without ensuring that <wchar.h> is included.
-
-
change the way shared libraries (other than libtool) are
- installed. Rather than copying the build-tree's libraries,
- link the shared objects into the install directory. This
- makes the --with-rpath option work except with
- $(DESTDIR).
-
-
several improvements for rendering in hpterm. These are
- only available if the library is configured using
- --enable-xmc-glitch.
-
-
Add NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS and
- NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE environment variables
- to allow runtime suppression of the related hard-tabs and
- xmc-glitch features.
-
-
-
programs:
-
-
add new test programs: chgat.c, demo_altkeys.c,
- echochar.c, foldkeys.c, movewindow.c, redraw.c, (noting
- that existing test programs also were modified to test
- additional features).
-
-
modify tack to test extended capability function-key
- strings.
-
-
modify toe to access termcap data, e.g., via cgetent()
- functions, or as a text file if those are not available.
-
-
improve infocmp/tic -f option formatting.
-
-
add toe -a option, to show all databases.
- This uses new private interfaces in the ncurses library for
- iterating through the list of databases.
-
-
modify MKfallback.sh to use
- tic -x when constructing fallback tables to
- allow extended capabilities to be retrieved from a fallback entry.
-
-
-
terminal database
-
-
add terminfo entries for xfce terminal (xfce) and multi gnome terminal (mgt)
-
add nsterm-16color entry
-
updated mlterm terminfo entry
-
add kon, kon2 and jfbterm terminfo entry
-
remove invis capability from klone+sgr, mainly used by linux entry, since it does not really do this
-
add ka2, kb1, kb3, kc2 to vt220-keypad as an extension
-
add shifted up/down arrow codes to xterm-new as kind/kri strings
-
add hpterm-color terminfo entry
-
add 256color variants of terminfo entries for programs which are reported to implement this feature
-
correct order of use-clauses in rxvt-basic entry which made codes for f1-f4 vt100-style rather than vt220-style.
-
-
-Major bug fixes:
-
-
correct a typo in configure --with-bool option for the
- case where --without-cxx is used.
-
-
move assignment from environment variable ESCDELAY
- from initscr() down to newterm() so the
- environment variable affects timeouts for terminals opened with
- newterm() as well.
-
-
modify werase to clear multicolumn characters that
- extend into a derived window.
-
-
modify wchgat() to mark updated cells as changed so a
- refresh will repaint those cells.
-
-
correct logic in wadd_wch() and
- wecho_wch(), which did not guard against passing the
- multi-column attribute into a call on waddch(), e.g.,
- using data returned by win_wch()
-
-
fix redrawing of windows other than stdscr using
- wredrawln() by touching the corresponding rows in
- curscr.
-
-
reduce memory leaks in repeated calls to tgetent() by
- remembering the last TERMINAL* value allocated to hold
- the corresponding data and freeing that if the
- tgetent() result buffer is the same as the previous
- call.
-
-
modify read_termtype() so the term_names
- data is always allocated as part of the str_table, a
- better fix for a memory leak.
-
-
fix wins_nwstr(), which did not handle single-column
- non-8bit codes.
-
-
modify wbkgrnd() to avoid clearing the
- A_CHARTEXT attribute bits since those record the state
- of multicolumn characters.
-
-
improve SIGWINCH handling by postponing its effect
- during newterm(), etc., when allocating screens.
-
-
remove 970913 feature for copying subwindows as they are moved in
- mvwin().
-
-
add checks in waddchnstr() and
- wadd_wchnstr() to stop copying when a null character
- is found.
-
-
add some checks to ensure current position is within scrolling
- region before scrolling on a new line.
-
-
add a workaround to ACS mapping to allow applications such as
- test/blue.c to use the "PC ROM" characters by masking them with
- A_ALTCHARSET. This worked up til 5.5, but was lost in the revision
- of legacy coding.
-
-
-Portability:
-
-
configure script:
-
-
new options:
-
-
-
--with-hashed-db
-
Use Berkeley hashed database for storing terminfo data rather than storing
- each compiled entry in a separate binary file within a directory
- tree.
-
-
--without-dlsym
-
Do not use dlsym() to load GPM dynamically.
-
-
--with-valgrind
-
Simplify building for testing with valgrind.
-
-
--enable-wgetch-events
-
Compile with experimental wgetch-events code.
-
-
--enable-signed-char
-
Store booleans in "signed char" rather than "char".
-
-
-
-
improved options:
-
-
-
--disable-largefile
-
make the option work both ways.
-
-
--with-gpm
-
The option now accepts a parameter,
- i.e., the name of the dynamic GPM library to load via
- dlopen()
-
-
--disable-symlinks
-
The option now allows one to
- disable symlink() in tic even when
- link() does not work.
-
-
-
-
-
-
other configure/build issues:
remove special case for
- Darwin in CF_XOPEN_SOURCE configure macro.
-
-
add configure check to ensure that SIGWINCH is
- defined on platforms such as OS X which exclude that when
- _XOPEN_SOURCE, etc., are defined
-
-
use ld's -search_paths_first option on Darwin
- to work around odd search rules on that platform.
-
-
improve ifdef's for _POSIX_VDISABLE in tset to
- work with Mac OS X.
-
-
modify configure script to ensure that if the C compiler is
- used rather than the loader in making shared libraries, the
- $(CFLAGS) variable is also used.
-
-
use ${CC} rather than ${LD} in
- shared library rules for IRIX64, Solaris to help ensure
- that initialization sections are provided for extra linkage
- requirements, e.g., of C++ applications.
-
-
improve some shared-library configure scripting for Linux,
- FreeBSD and NetBSD to make
- --with-shlib-version work.
-
-
split up dependency of names.c and
- codes.c in ncurses/Makefile to
- work with parallel make.
-
-
modify MKlib_gen.sh to change
- preprocessor-expanded _Bool back to bool.
-
-
modify progs/Makefile.in to make
- tput init work properly with cygwin,
- i.e., do not pass a .exe in the reference
- string used in check_aliases.
-
-
-
library:
-
-
ignore wide-acs line-drawing characters that
- wcwidth() claims are not one-column. This is
- a workaround for Solaris' broken locale support.
-
-
reduce name-pollution in term.h by removing
- #define's for HAVE_xxx symbols.
-
-
fix #ifdef in c++/internal.h for
- QNX 6.1
-
-
-
test programs:
modify test/configure script
- to allow building test programs with PDCurses/X11.
-
-
modified test programs to allow some to work with NetBSD
- curses. Several do not because NetBSD curses implements a
- subset of X/Open curses, and also lacks much of SVr4
- additions. But it is enough for comparison.
-
-
improved test/configure to build test/ncurses
- on HPUX 11 using the vendor curses.
-
-
change configure script to produce
- test/Makefile from data file.
-
-
-
-
Features of Ncurses
-
-The ncurses package is fully compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:
-
-
-
All 257 of the SVr4 calls have been implemented (and are documented).
-
Full support for SVr4 curses features including keyboard mapping, color,
-forms-drawing with ACS characters, and automatic recognition of keypad
-and function keys.
-
An emulation of the SVr4 panels library, supporting
-a stack of windows with backing store, is included.
-
An emulation of the SVr4 menus library, supporting
-a uniform but flexible interface for menu programming, is included.
-
An emulation of the SVr4 form library, supporting
-data collection through on-screen forms, is included.
-
Binary terminfo entries generated by the ncurses tic(1) implementation
-are bit-for-bit-compatible with the entry format SVr4 curses uses.
-
The utilities have options to allow you to filter terminfo
-entries for use with less capable curses/terminfo
-versions such as the HP/UX and AIX ports.
-
-The ncurses package also has many useful extensions over SVr4:
-
-
-
The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/OPEN curses
-specification, XSI curses (that is, it implements all BASE level features,
-and most EXTENDED features).
-It includes many function calls not supported under SVr4 curses
-(but portability of all
-calls is documented so you can use the SVr4 subset only).
-
Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner
-of the screen if your terminal has an insert-character capability.
-
Ada95 and C++ bindings.
-
Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm
-and FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.
-
Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm package.
-
The function wresize() allows you to resize windows, preserving
-their data.
-
The function use_default_colors() allows you to
-use the terminal's default colors for the default color pair,
-achieving the effect of transparent colors.
-
The functions keyok()
-and define_key() allow
-you to better control the use of function keys,
-e.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE,
-or by defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key code.
-
Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and modern xterm.
-
Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now features a
-cursor-local-movement computation more efficient than either BSD's
-or System V's.
-
Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code incorporates
-a novel, simple, and cheap algorithm that enables it to make optimal
-use of hardware scrolling, line-insertion, and line-deletion
-for screen-line movements. This algorithm is more powerful than
-the 4.4BSD curses quickch() routine.
-
Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch. The
-screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight if the magic-
-cookie unattributed spaces required just before the beginning and
-after the end would step on a non-space character. It will
-automatically shift highlight boundaries when doing so would make it
-possible to draw the highlight without changing the visual appearance
-of the screen.
-
It is possible to generate the library with a list of pre-loaded
-fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve those terminal types even
-when no terminfo tree or termcap file is accessible (this may be useful
-for support of screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user mode).
-
The tic(1)/captoinfo utility provided with ncurses has the
-ability to translate many termcaps from the XENIX, IBM and
-AT&T extension sets.
-
A BSD-like tset(1) utility is provided.
-
The ncurses library and utilities will automatically read terminfo
-entries from $HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile to that directory
-if it exists and the user has no write access to the system directory.
-This feature makes it easier for users to have personal terminfo entries
-without giving up access to the system terminfo directory.
-
You may specify a path of directories to search for compiled
-descriptions with the environment variable TERMINFO_DIRS (this
-generalizes the feature provided by TERMINFO under stock System V.)
-
In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not just to
-other entries in the same source file (as in System V) but also to
-compiled entries in either the system terminfo directory or the user's
-$HOME/.terminfo directory.
-
A script (capconvert) is provided to help BSD users
-transition from termcap to terminfo. It gathers the information in a
-TERMCAP environment variable and/or a ~/.termcap local entries file
-and converts it to an equivalent local terminfo tree under $HOME/.terminfo.
-
Automatic fallback to the /etc/termcap file can be compiled in
-when it is not possible to build a terminfo tree. This feature is neither
-fast nor cheap, you don't want to use it unless you have to,
-but it's there.
-
The table-of-entries utility toe makes it easy for users to
-see exactly what terminal types are available on the system.
-
The library meets the XSI requirement that every macro entry
-point have a corresponding function which may be linked (and will be
-prototype-checked) if the macro definition is disabled with
-#undef.
-
An HTML "Introduction to Programming with NCURSES" document provides
-a narrative introduction to the curses programming interface.
-
-
-
State of the Package
-
-Numerous bugs present in earlier versions have been fixed; the
-library is far more reliable than it used to be. Bounds checking in many
-`dangerous' entry points has been improved. The code is now type-safe
-according to gcc -Wall. The library has been checked for malloc leaks and
-arena corruption by the Purify memory-allocation tester.
-
-The ncurses code has been tested with a wide variety of applications
-including (versions starting with those noted):
-
-
-The ncurses distribution includes a selection of test programs (including
-a few games).
-
-
Who's Who and What's What
-
-Zeyd Ben-Halim
-started it from a previous package pcurses, written by Pavel Curtis.
-Eric S. Raymond
-continued development.
-Jürgen Pfeifer wrote most of the form and menu libraries.
-Ongoing work is being done by
-Thomas Dickey.
-Thomas Dickey
-acts as the maintainer for the Free Software Foundation,
-which holds the copyright on ncurses.
-Contact the current maintainers at
-bug-ncurses@gnu.org.
-
-
-To join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to
-bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org containing the line:
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ Announcing ncurses 5.9
+
+
+
+
+
+
Announcing ncurses 5.9
The ncurses (new curses)
+ library is a free software emulation of curses in System V
+ Release 4.0, and more. It uses terminfo format, supports pads and
+ color and multiple highlights and forms characters and
+ function-key mapping, and has all the other SYSV-curses
+ enhancements over BSD curses.
+
+
In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared
+ that he considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and encouraged the
+ keepers of Unix releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to
+ switch over to ncurses.
+
+
The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux. It has been in
+ use for some time with OpenBSD as the system curses library, and
+ on FreeBSD and NetBSD as an external package. It should port
+ easily to any ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX. It has even been ported
+ to OS/2 Warp!
+
+
The distribution includes the library and support utilities,
+ including a terminfo compiler tic(1), a decompiler infocmp(1),
+ clear(1), tput(1), tset(1), and a termcap conversion tool
+ captoinfo(1). Full manual pages are provided for the library and
+ tools.
This release is designed to be upward
+ compatible from ncurses 5.0 through 5.8; very few applications
+ will require recompilation, depending on the platform. These are
+ the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.8 release.
+
+ This is a bug-fix release, correcting a small number of urgent problems
+ in the ncurses library from the 5.8 release.
+
+ It also improves the Ada95 binding:
+
+
fixes a longstanding portability problem with its use of the
+ set_field_type
+ function. Because that function uses variable-length argument lists,
+ its interface with gnat does not work with certain platforms.
+
improves configurability and portability, particularly when built
+ separately from the main ncurses tree. The 5.8 release introduced
+ scripts which can be used to construct separate tarballs for the
+ Ada95 and ncurses examples.
+
Those were a proof of concept. For the 5.9 release, those
+ scripts are augmented with rpm- and dpkg-scripts used in test builds
+ against a variety of gnat- and system ncurses versions as old as
+ gnat 3.15 and ncurses 5.4 (see snapshots and systems tested
+ here.
+
additional improvements were made for portability of the
+ ncurses examples, adding rpm- and dpkg-scripts for test-builds.
+ See
+ this page
+ for snapshots and other information.
+
+
+
Features of Ncurses
The ncurses package is fully
+ compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:
+
+
+
All 257 of the SVr4 calls have been implemented (and are
+ documented).
+
+
Full support for SVr4 curses features including keyboard
+ mapping, color, forms-drawing with ACS characters, and
+ automatic recognition of keypad and function keys.
+
+
An emulation of the SVr4 panels library, supporting a stack
+ of windows with backing store, is included.
+
+
An emulation of the SVr4 menus library, supporting a
+ uniform but flexible interface for menu programming, is
+ included.
+
+
An emulation of the SVr4 form library, supporting data
+ collection through on-screen forms, is included.
+
+
Binary terminfo entries generated by the ncurses tic(1)
+ implementation are bit-for-bit-compatible with the entry format
+ SVr4 curses uses.
+
+
The utilities have options to allow you to filter terminfo
+ entries for use with less capable
+ curses/terminfo versions such
+ as the HP/UX and AIX ports.
+
The ncurses package also has many useful extensions over
+ SVr4:
+
+
+
The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the
+ X/OPEN curses specification, XSI curses (that is, it implements
+ all BASE level features, and most EXTENDED features). It
+ includes many function calls not supported under SVr4 curses
+ (but portability of all calls is documented so you can use the
+ SVr4 subset only).
+
+
Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the
+ rightmost-bottommost corner of the screen if your terminal has
+ an insert-character capability.
+
+
Ada95 and C++ bindings.
+
+
Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and
+ FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.
+
+
Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm
+ package.
+
+
The function wresize allows you to resize
+ windows, preserving their data.
+
+
The function use_default_colors allows you to
+ use the terminal's default colors for the default color pair,
+ achieving the effect of transparent colors.
+
+
The functions keyok and
+ define_key allow you to better control the use of
+ function keys, e.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE, or by
+ defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key
+ code.
+
+
Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm, when
+ configured using the --enable-ext-colors
+ option.
+
+
Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm
+ and modern xterm.
+
+
Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now
+ features a cursor-local-movement computation more efficient
+ than either BSD's or System V's.
+
+
Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code
+ incorporates a novel, simple, and cheap algorithm that enables
+ it to make optimal use of hardware scrolling, line-insertion,
+ and line-deletion for screen-line movements. This algorithm is
+ more powerful than the 4.4BSD curses quickch
+ routine.
+
+
Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch.
+ The screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight if
+ the magic- cookie unattributed spaces required just before the
+ beginning and after the end would step on a non-space
+ character. It will automatically shift highlight boundaries
+ when doing so would make it possible to draw the highlight
+ without changing the visual appearance of the screen.
+
+
It is possible to generate the library with a list of
+ pre-loaded fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve
+ those terminal types even when no terminfo tree or termcap file
+ is accessible (this may be useful for support of
+ screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user
+ mode).
+
+
The tic(1)/captoinfo utility provided with ncurses has the
+ ability to translate many termcaps from the XENIX, IBM and
+ AT&T extension sets.
+
+
A BSD-like tset(1) utility is provided.
+
+
The ncurses library and utilities will automatically read
+ terminfo entries from $HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile
+ to that directory if it exists and the user has no write access
+ to the system directory. This feature makes it easier for users
+ to have personal terminfo entries without giving up access to
+ the system terminfo directory.
+
+
You may specify a path of directories to search for
+ compiled descriptions with the environment variable
+ TERMINFO_DIRS (this generalizes the feature provided by
+ TERMINFO under stock System V.)
+
+
In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not
+ just to other entries in the same source file (as in System V)
+ but also to compiled entries in either the system terminfo
+ directory or the user's $HOME/.terminfo directory.
+
+
A script (capconvert) is provided to help
+ BSD users transition from termcap to terminfo. It gathers the
+ information in a TERMCAP environment variable and/or a
+ ~/.termcap local entries file and converts it to an equivalent
+ local terminfo tree under $HOME/.terminfo.
+
+
Automatic fallback to the /etc/termcap file can be compiled
+ in when it is not possible to build a terminfo tree. This
+ feature is neither fast nor cheap, you don't want to use it
+ unless you have to, but it's there.
+
+
The table-of-entries utility toe makes it
+ easy for users to see exactly what terminal types are available
+ on the system.
+
+
The library meets the XSI requirement that every macro
+ entry point have a corresponding function which may be linked
+ (and will be prototype-checked) if the macro definition is
+ disabled with #undef.
+
+
An HTML "Introduction to Programming with NCURSES" document
+ provides a narrative introduction to the curses programming
+ interface.
+
+
+
State of the Package
Numerous bugs present in earlier
+ versions have been fixed; the library is far more reliable than
+ it used to be. Bounds checking in many `dangerous' entry points
+ has been improved. The code is now type-safe according to gcc
+ -Wall. The library has been checked for malloc leaks and arena
+ corruption by the Purify memory-allocation tester.
+
+
The ncurses code has been tested with a wide variety of
+ applications including (versions starting with those noted):
The ncurses distribution includes a selection of test programs
+ (including a few games).
+
+
Who's Who and What's What
Zeyd Ben-Halim started it from
+ a previous package pcurses, written by Pavel Curtis. Eric S.
+ Raymond continued development. Jürgen Pfeifer wrote most of
+ the form and menu libraries. Ongoing work is being done by
+ Thomas Dickey.
+ Thomas Dickey acts as the maintainer for the Free Software
+ Foundation, which holds the copyright on ncurses. Contact the
+ current maintainers at bug-ncurses@gnu.org.
+
+
To join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to
+ bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org containing the line:
+
subscribe <name>@<host.domain>
-
-
-This list is open to anyone interested in helping with the development and
-testing of this package.
Extended-level XPG4 conformance, with internationalization support.
-
Ports to more systems, including DOS and Windows.
-
-We need people to help with these projects. If you are interested in working
-on them, please join the ncurses list.
-
-
Other Related Resources
-
-The distribution provides a newer version of the terminfo-format
-terminal description file once maintained by
-Eric Raymond .
-Unlike the older version, the termcap and terminfo data are provided
-in the same file, and provides several user-definable extensions
-beyond the X/Open specification.
-
-You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
-not covered in the terminfo file at
-Richard Shuford's
-archive .
-
-
-
+
+
+
This list is open to anyone interested in helping with the
+ development and testing of this package.
Extended-level XPG4 conformance, with internationalization
+ support.
+
+
Ports to more systems, including DOS and Windows.
+
We need people to help with these projects. If you are
+ interested in working on them, please join the ncurses list.
+
+
Other Related Resources
The distribution provides a newer
+ version of the terminfo-format terminal description file once
+ maintained by Eric
+ Raymond . Unlike the older version, the termcap and
+ terminfo data are provided in the same file, and provides several
+ user-definable extensions beyond the X/Open specification.
+
+
You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
+ not covered in the terminfo file at
+ Richard Shuford's archive .