X-Git-Url: https://ncurses.scripts.mit.edu/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fhtml%2Fman%2Fcurs_termcap.3x.html;h=f701f8a1322f80c35055fc75b61043b18e9170d7;hb=8890c8f28a1db5995ef17f52a7d8c0b9cf574210;hp=7960750f5e66aebd96d3eb328341de3dbe8126a7;hpb=b0b1980be11bba618d84beb8b30ac94e2c820602;p=ncurses.git diff --git a/doc/html/man/curs_termcap.3x.html b/doc/html/man/curs_termcap.3x.html index 7960750f..f701f8a1 100644 --- a/doc/html/man/curs_termcap.3x.html +++ b/doc/html/man/curs_termcap.3x.html @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ - +
+ +- -curs_termcap(3x) curs_termcap(3x) +curs_termcap(3x) curs_termcap(3x) --
- PC, UP, BC, ospeed, tgetent, tgetflag, tgetnum, tgetstr, - tgoto, tputs - direct curses interface to the terminfo - capability database +
+ PC, UP, BC, ospeed, tgetent, tgetflag, tgetnum, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs - + direct curses interface to the terminfo capability database --
+
#include <curses.h> #include <term.h> @@ -63,171 +60,209 @@ extern short ospeed; int tgetent(char *bp, const char *name); - int tgetflag(char *id); - int tgetnum(char *id); - char *tgetstr(char *id, char **area); + int tgetflag(const char *id); + int tgetnum(const char *id); + char *tgetstr(const char *id, char **area); char *tgoto(const char *cap, int col, int row); int tputs(const char *str, int affcnt, int (*putc)(int)); --
- These routines are included as a conversion aid for pro- - grams that use the termcap library. Their parameters are - the same and the routines are emulated using the terminfo - database. Thus, they can only be used to query the capa- - bilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has been - compiled. - - INITIALIZATION +
+ These routines are included as a conversion aid for programs that use + the termcap library. Their parameters are the same and the routines + are emulated using the terminfo database. Thus, they can only be used + to query the capabilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has + been compiled. + + +
The tgetent routine loads the entry for name. It returns: 1 on success, - 0 if there is no such entry (or that it is a generic - type, having too little information for curses ap- - plications to run), and + 0 if there is no such entry (or that it is a generic type, having + too little information for curses applications to run), and -1 if the terminfo database could not be found. This differs from the termcap library in two ways: - o The emulation ignores the buffer pointer bp. The - termcap library would store a copy of the terminal - description in the area referenced by this pointer. - However, ncurses stores its terminal descriptions - in compiled binary form, which is not the same + o The emulation ignores the buffer pointer bp. The termcap li- + brary would store a copy of the terminal description in the area + referenced by this pointer. However, ncurses stores its termi- + nal descriptions in compiled binary form, which is not the same thing. - o There is a difference in return codes. The termcap - library does not check if the terminal description - is marked with the generic capability, or if the - terminal description has cursor-addressing. + o There is a difference in return codes. The termcap library does + not check if the terminal description is marked with the generic + capability, or if the terminal description has cursor-address- + ing. - CAPABILITY VALUES - The tgetflag routine gets the boolean entry for id, or ze- - ro if it is not available. - The tgetnum routine gets the numeric entry for id, or -1 - if it is not available. +
+ The tgetflag routine gets the boolean entry for id, or zero if it is + not available. - The tgetstr routine returns the string entry for id, or - zero if it is not available. Use tputs to output the re- - turned string. The return value will also be copied to - the buffer pointed to by area, and the area value will be - updated to point past the null ending this value. + The tgetnum routine gets the numeric entry for id, or -1 if it is not + available. - Only the first two characters of the id parameter of tget- - flag, tgetnum and tgetstr are compared in lookups. + The tgetstr routine returns the string entry for id, or zero if it is + not available. Use tputs to output the returned string. The area pa- + rameter is used as follows: - FORMATTING CAPABILITIES - The tgoto routine instantiates the parameters into the - given capability. The output from this routine is to be - passed to tputs. + o It is assumed to be the address of a pointer to a buffer managed + by the calling application. - The tputs routine is described on the curs_terminfo(3x) - manual page. It can retrieve capabilities by either term- - cap or terminfo name. + o However, ncurses checks to ensure that area is not NULL, and al- + so that the resulting buffer pointer is not NULL. If either + check fails, the area parameter is ignored. - GLOBAL VARIABLES - The variables PC, UP and BC are set by tgetent to the ter- - minfo entry's data for pad_char, cursor_up and - backspace_if_not_bs, respectively. UP is not used by - ncurses. PC is used in the tdelay_output function. BC is - used in the tgoto emulation. The variable ospeed is set - by ncurses in a system-specific coding to reflect the ter- - minal speed. + o If the checks succeed, ncurses also copies the return value to + the buffer pointed to by area, and the area value will be updat- + ed to point past the null ending this value. + o The return value itself is an address in the terminal descrip- + tion which is loaded into memory. --
- Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an in- - teger return ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 only specifies - "an integer value other than ERR") upon successful comple- - tion. + Only the first two characters of the id parameter of tgetflag, tgetnum + and tgetstr are compared in lookups. - Routines that return pointers return NULL on error. +
+ The tgoto routine expands the given capability using the parameters. --
- If you call tgetstr to fetch ca or any other parameterized - string, be aware that it will be returned in terminfo no- - tation, not the older and not-quite-compatible termcap no- - tation. This will not cause problems if all you do with - it is call tgoto or tparm, which both expand terminfo- - style strings as terminfo. (The tgoto function, if con- - figured to support termcap, will check if the string is - indeed terminfo-style by looking for "%p" parameters or - "$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap-style parser if the - string does not appear to be terminfo). - - Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in - string capabilities differ from termcap's, tputs("50"); - will put out a literal "50" rather than busy-waiting for - 50 milliseconds. Cope with it. - - Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's sgr - string. One consequence of this is that termcap applica- - tions assume me (terminfo sgr0) does not reset the alter- - nate character set. This implementation checks for, and - modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to accom- - modate termcap's limitation in this respect. + o Because the capability may have padding characters, the output of + tgoto should be passed to tputs rather than some other output func- + tion such as printf. + o While tgoto is assumed to be used for the two-parameter cursor po- + sitioning capability, termcap applications also use it for single- + parameter capabilities. --
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func- - tions. However, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may - be removed in future versions. - - Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages - documented the return values of tgetent correctly, though - all three were in fact returned ever since SVr1. In par- - ticular, an omission in the XSI Curses documentation has - been misinterpreted to mean that tgetent returns OK or - ERR. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide - compatibility with the termcap library, that is a defect - in XCurses, Issue 4, Version 2 rather than in ncurses. - - External variables are provided for support of certain - termcap applications. However, termcap applications' use - of those variables is poorly documented, e.g., not distin- - guishing between input and output. In particular, some - applications are reported to declare and/or modify ospeed. - - The comment that only the first two characters of the id - parameter are used escapes many application developers. - The original BSD 4.2 termcap library (and historical - relics thereof) did not require a trailing null NUL on the - parameter name passed to tgetstr, tgetnum and tgetflag. - Some applications assume that the termcap interface does - not require the trailing NUL for the parameter name. Tak- - ing into account these issues: - - o As a special case, tgetflag matched against a single- - character identifier provided that was at the end of - the terminal description. You should not rely upon - this behavior in portable programs. This implementa- - tion disallows matches against single-character capa- - bility names. - - o This implementation disallows matches by the termcap - interface against extended capability names which are - longer than two characters. + Doing this shows a quirk in tgoto: most hardware terminals use cur- + sor addressing with row first, but the original developers of the + termcap interface chose to put the column parameter first. The + tgoto function swaps the order of parameters. It does this also + for calls requiring only a single parameter. In that case, the + first parameter is merely a placeholder. + o Normally the ncurses library is compiled with terminfo support. In + that case, tgoto uses tparm(3x) (a more capable formatter). --
+ However, tparm is not a termcap feature, and portable termcap ap- + plications should not rely upon its availability. + + The tputs routine is described on the curs_terminfo(3x) manual page. + It can retrieve capabilities by either termcap or terminfo name. + + +
+ The variables PC, UP and BC are set by tgetent to the terminfo entry's + data for pad_char, cursor_up and backspace_if_not_bs, respectively. UP + is not used by ncurses. PC is used in the tdelay_output function. BC + is used in the tgoto emulation. The variable ospeed is set by ncurses + in a system-specific coding to reflect the terminal speed. + + +
+ Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an integer return + ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other + than ERR") upon successful completion. + + Routines that return pointers return NULL on error. + + +
+ If you call tgetstr to fetch ca or any other parameterized string, be + aware that it will be returned in terminfo notation, not the older and + not-quite-compatible termcap notation. This will not cause problems if + all you do with it is call tgoto or tparm, which both expand terminfo- + style strings as terminfo. (The tgoto function, if configured to sup- + port termcap, will check if the string is indeed terminfo-style by + looking for "%p" parameters or "$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap- + style parser if the string does not appear to be terminfo). + + Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in string capa- + bilities differ from termcap's, tputs("50"); will put out a literal + "50" rather than busy-waiting for 50 milliseconds. Cope with it. + + Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's sgr string. One + consequence of this is that termcap applications assume me (terminfo + sgr0) does not reset the alternate character set. This implementation + checks for, and modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to ac- + commodate termcap's limitation in this respect. + + +
+ These functions are provided for supporting legacy applications, and + should not be used in new programs: + + o The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions. Howev- + er, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may be removed in future + versions. + + o X/Open Curses, Issue 5 (December 2007) marked the termcap interface + (along with vwprintw and vwscanw) as withdrawn. + + Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages documented the + return values of tgetent correctly, though all three were in fact re- + turned ever since SVr1. In particular, an omission in the XSI Curses + documentation has been misinterpreted to mean that tgetent returns OK + or ERR. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide compati- + bility with the termcap library, that is a defect in XCurses, Issue 4, + Version 2 rather than in ncurses. + + External variables are provided for support of certain termcap applica- + tions. However, termcap applications' use of those variables is poorly + documented, e.g., not distinguishing between input and output. In par- + ticular, some applications are reported to declare and/or modify os- + peed. + + The comment that only the first two characters of the id parameter are + used escapes many application developers. The original BSD 4.2 termcap + library (and historical relics thereof) did not require a trailing null + NUL on the parameter name passed to tgetstr, tgetnum and tgetflag. + Some applications assume that the termcap interface does not require + the trailing NUL for the parameter name. Taking into account these is- + sues: + + o As a special case, tgetflag matched against a single-character + identifier provided that was at the end of the terminal descrip- + tion. You should not rely upon this behavior in portable programs. + This implementation disallows matches against single-character ca- + pability names. + + o This implementation disallows matches by the termcap interface + against extended capability names which are longer than two charac- + ters. + + +
curses(3x), terminfo(5), term_variables(3x), putc(3). - http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html + https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html - curs_termcap(3x) + curs_termcap(3x)-