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<HEAD>
<TITLE>Announcing ncurses @VERSION@</TITLE>
<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<BODY>
and has all the other SYSV-curses enhancements over BSD curses.<P>
In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared that he
-considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and is encouraging the keepers of
-Unix releases such as BSD/OS, freeBSD and netBSD to switch over to
+considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and encouraged the keepers of
+Unix releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to switch over to
ncurses.<P>
-The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux. It should port easily to
-any ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX. It has even been ported to OS/2 Warp!<P>
+The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux.
+It has been in use for some time with OpenBSD as the system curses library,
+and on FreeBSD and NetBSD as an external package.
+It should port easily to any ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX.
+It has even been ported to OS/2 Warp!<P>
The distribution includes the library and support utilities, including a
terminfo compiler tic(1), a decompiler infocmp(1), clear(1), tput(1), tset(1),
The ncurses distribution is available via anonymous FTP at
the GNU distribution site
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses</A>.
-It is also available at
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses</A>.
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/</A> .
+<br>It is also available at
+<A HREF="ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</A> .
<H1>Release Notes</H1>
-We decided to release ncurses as a new whole number release (5.0) because it
-incorporates several interface changes, including some that would invalidate
-existing shared libraries. These are the highlights from the change-log
-since ncurses 4.2 release.
+This release is designed to be upward compatible from ncurses 5.0 through 5.6;
+very few applications will require recompilation, depending on the platform.
+These are the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.6 release.
<p>
Interface changes:
<ul>
- <li>The principal source of changes to the interface comes from the
- release of X/Open Curses in 1997. Earlier versions of ncurses (4.0
- and before) were based on a draft version of the specification. The
- release version adds parameters to some functions to support the
- evolving internationalization of curses. These summarize the impact:
-<ul>
- <li>modified several prototypes to correspond with 1997 version of
- X/Open Curses (affects ABI since developers have used attr_get).
-
- <li>corrected prototypes for slk_* functions, using chtype rather than
- attr_t.
-
- <li>the slk_attr_{set,off,on} functions need an additional void*
- parameter according to XSI.
-
- <li>correct macros for wattr_set, wattr_get, separate wattrset macro from
- these to preserve behavior that allows attributes to be combined with
- color pair numbers.
-
- <li>reviewed/updated curses.h, term.h against X/Open Curses Issue 4
- Version 2. This includes making some parameters NCURSES_CONST
- rather than const, e.g., in termcap.h.
+ <li>generate linkable stubs for some macros:
+ <br>
+ getattrs
- <li>reviewed/corrected macros in curses.h as per XSI document.
-
- <li>add set_a_attributes and set_pglen_inch to terminfo structure, as per
- XSI and Solaris 2.5.
</ul>
- <li>The newest version of the X/Open Curses is implemented on Solaris
- and other vendor's systems. It adds new features to the terminfo
- descriptions:
+New features and improvements:
<ul>
- <li>implement tparm %l format.
-
- <li>implement tparm printf-style width and precision for %s, %d, %x, %o
- as per XSI.
+ <li>library
+ <ul>
+ <li>new flavor of the ncurses library provides rudimentary
+ support for POSIX threads. Several functions are
+ reentrant, but most require either a window-level or
+ screen-level mutex.<br>
+ (This is <em>API</em>-compatible,
+ but not <em>ABI</em>-compatible with the normal library).
+
+ <li>add <code>NCURSES_OPAQUE</code> symbol to curses.h, will
+ use to make structs opaque in selected configurations.
+
+ <li>add <code>NCURSES_EXT_FUNCS</code> and
+ <code>NCURSES_EXT_COLORS</code> symbols to curses.h to make
+ it simpler to tell if the extended functions and/or colors
+ are declared.
+
+ <li>add wresize() to C++ binding
+
+ <li>eliminate fixed-buffer vsprintf() calls in C++ binding.
+
+ <li>add several functions to C++ binding which wrap C functions
+ that pass a WINDOW* parameter.
+
+ <li>adapt mouse-handling code from menu library in form-library
+
+ <li>improve tracing for form library, showing created forms,
+ fields, etc.
+
+ <li>make $NCURSES_NO_PADDING feature work for termcap interface .
+
+ <li>add check to trace-file open, if the given name is a
+ directory, add ".log" to the name and try again.
+
+ <li>several new manpages: curs_legacy.3x, curs_memleaks.3x,
+ curs_opaque.3x and curs_threads.3x
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>programs:
+ <ul>
+ <li>modified three test-programs to demonstrate the threading
+ support in this version: ditto, rain, worm.
+
+ <li>several new test-programs: demo_panels, dots_mvcur,
+ inch_wide, inchs, key_name, key_names, savescreen,
+ savescreen.sh test_arrays, test_get_wstr, test_getstr,
+ test_instr, test_inwstr and test_opaque.
+
+ <li>add <code>adacurses-config</code> to the Ada95 install.
+
+ <li>modify tic <code>-f</code> option to format spaces as
+ <code>\s</code> to prevent them from being lost when that
+ is read back in unformatted strings.
+
+ <li>The <code>tack</code> program is now distributed separately
+ from ncurses.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>terminal database
+ <ul>
+ <li>added entries:
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>Eterm-256color</code>,
+ <code>Eterm-88color</code> and
+ <code>rxvt-88color</code>
+ <li><code>aterm</code>
+ <li><code>konsole-256color</code>
+ <li><code>mrxvt</code>
+ <li><code>screen.mlterm</code>
+ <li><code>screen.rxvt</code>
+ <li><code>teraterm4.59</code> is now the primary primary
+ teraterm entry, renamed original to
+ <code>teraterm2.3</code>
+ <li><code>9term</code> terminal
+ <li>Newbury Data entries
+ </ul>
+ <li>updated/improved entries:
+ <ul>
+ <li><code>gnome</code> to version 2.22.3
+ <li><code>h19</code>, <code>z100</code>
+ <li><code>konsole</code> to version 1.6.6
+ <li><code>mlterm</code>, <code>mlterm+pcfkeys</code>
+ <li><code>xterm</code>, and building-blocks for function-keys
+ to <a href="http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.log.html#xterm_230">xterm patch #230</a>.
+ </ul>
+ </ul>
</ul>
- <li>We made additional changes to reduce impact by future interface
- changes:
+Major bug fixes:
<ul>
- <li>rename key_names[] array to _nc_key_names since it is not part of
- the curses interface.
+ <li>add logic to tic for cancelling strings in user-defined
+ capabilities
+ (this is <em>needed</em> for
+ current <code>konsole</code> terminfo entry).
- <li>move macro winch to a function, to hide details of struct ldat
-</ul>
- <li>modify configure script to embed ABI in shared libraries for HP-UX
- 10.x (detailed request by Tim Mooney).
+ <li>modify <code>mk-1st.awk</code> so the generated makefile rules for
+ linking or installing shared libraries do not first remove the
+ library, in case it is in use, e.g., <code>libncurses.so</code> by
+ <code>/bin/sh</code>.
- <li>modify configuration of shared libraries on Digital Unix so that
- versioning is embedded in the library, rather than implied by
- links (patch by Tim Mooney).
-</ul>
-New features:
-<ul>
- <li>enable sigwinch handler by default.
+ <li>correct check for notimeout() in wgetch().
- <li>turn on hashmap scrolling code by default
+ <li>fix a sign-extension bug in infocmp's repair_acsc() function.
- <li>improved support for termcap applications
-<ul>
- <li>modify tput to accept termcap names as an alternative to terminfo
- names.
+ <li>change winnstr() to stop at the end of the line.
- <li>provide support for termcap PC variable by copying it from terminfo
- data and using it as the padding character in tputs.
+ <li>make Ada95 demo_panels() example work.
- <li>provide support for termcap ospeed variable by copying it from the
- internal cur_term member, and using ospeed as the baudrate
- reference for the delay_output and tputs functions.
+ <li>fix for adding a non-spacing character at the beginning of a line.
- <li>change name-comparisons in lib_termcap to compare no more than 2
- characters.
+ <li>fill in extended-color pair to make colors work
+ for wide-characters using extended-colors.
- <li>add configure option --enable-tcap-names, which essentially
- allows users to define new capabilities as in termcap.
-</ul>
- <li>add mouse support to ncurses menus.
+ <li>improve refresh of window on top of multi-column characters,
+ taking into account split characters on left/right window
+ boundaries.
+
+ <li>modify <code>win_wchnstr()</code> to ensure that only a base cell
+ is returned for each multi-column character.
+
+ <li>improve <code>waddch()</code> and <code>winsch()</code> handling of
+ EILSEQ from <code>mbrtowc()</code> by using <code>unctrl()</code>
+ to display illegal bytes rather than trying to append further bytes
+ to make up a valid sequence.
- <li>add mouse and dll support for OS/2 EMX
+ <li>restore <code>curs_set()</code> state after
+ <code>endwin()</code>/<code>refresh()</code>
- <li>modify terminfo parsing to accept octal and hexadecimal constants
+ <li>modify <code>keyname()</code> to use "^X" form only if
+ <code>meta()</code> has been called, or if <code>keyname()</code>
+ is called without initializing curses, e.g., via
+ <code>initscr()</code> or <code>newterm()</code>.
- <li>add configure option --enable-no-padding, to allow environment
- variable $NCURSES_NO_PADDING to eliminate non-mandatory padding,
- thereby making terminal emulators (e.g., for vt100) a little more
- efficient.
+ <li>modify <code>unctrl()</code> to check codes in 128-255 range versus
+ <code>isprint()</code>.
+ If they are not printable, and locale was set, use a "M-" or "~"
+ sequence.
- <li>modify lib_color.c to eliminate dependency on orig_colors and
- orig_pair, since SVr4 curses does not require these either, but
- uses them when they are available.
+ <li>improve <code>resizeterm()</code> by moving ripped-off lines, and
+ repainting the soft-keys.
- <li>add -f option to infocmp and tic, which formats the terminfo
- if/then/else/endif so that they are readable (with newlines and
- tabs).
+ <li>modify form library to accept control characters such as newline
+ in set_field_buffer(), which is compatible with Solaris.
- <li>modify tic to compile into %'char' form in preference to %{number},
- since that is a little more efficient.
+ <li>use <code>NCURSES_MOUSE_MASK()</code> in definition of
+ <code>BUTTON_RELEASE()</code>, etc., to make those work properly
+ with the <code>--enable-ext-mouse</code> configuration
+
+ <li>correct some functions in Ada95 binding which were using return
+ value from C where none was returned.
+
+ <li>reviewed/fixed issues reported by Coverity and Klocwork tools.
</ul>
-Major bug fixes:
+
+Portability:
<ul>
- <li>modify lib_tstp.c to block SIGTTOU when handling SIGTSTP, fixes a
- problem where ncurses applications which were run via a shell script
- would hang when given a ^Z. Also, check if the terminal's process
- group is consistent, i.e., a shell has not taken ownership of it,
- before deciding to save the current terminal settings in the SIGTSTP
- handler.
-
- <li>suppress sc/rc capabilities from terminal description if they appear
- in smcup/rmcup. This affects only scrolling optimization, to fix a
- problem reported by several people with xterm's alternate screen,
- though the problem is more general.
-
- <li>modify relative_move and tputs to avoid an interaction with the
- BSD-style padding. The relative_move function could produce a string
- to replace on the screen which began with a numeric character, which
- was then interpreted by tputs as padding.
-
- <li>modify setupterm so that cancelled strings are treated the same as
- absent strings, cancelled and absent booleans false (does not affect
- tic, infocmp).
-
- <li>modify lib_vidattr.c to allow for terminal types (e.g., xterm-color)
- which may reset all attributes in the 'op' capability, so that colors
- are set before turning on bold and other attributes, but still after
- turning attributes off.
-
- <li>use 'access()' to check if ncurses library should be permitted to
- open or modify files with fopen/open/link/unlink/remove calls, in
- case the calling application is running in setuid mode.
-
- <li>correction to doupdate, for case where terminal does not support
- insert/delete character. The logic did not check that there was a
- difference in alignment of changes to old/new screens before
- repainting the whole non-blank portion of the line. Modified to fall
- through into logic that reduces by the portion which does not differ.
+ <li>configure script:
+ <ul>
+ <li>new options:
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>--disable-big-strings
+ <dd>control whether static string tables are generated as single
+ large strings (to improve startup performance), or as array
+ of individual strings.
+
+ <dt>--disable-relink
+ <dd>control whether shared libraries are relinked (during install)
+ when rpath is enabled.
+
+ <dt>--disable-tic-depends
+ <dd>make explicit whether tic library depends on ncurses/ncursesw
+ library.
+
+ <dt>--enable-mixed-case
+ <dd>override the configure script's check if the filesystem
+ supports mixed-case filenames.
+ This allows one to control how the terminal database
+ maps to the filesystem.
+ For filesystems that do not support mixed-case, the library
+ uses generate 2-character (hexadecimal) codes for the
+ lower-level of the filesystem terminfo database
+
+ <dt>--enable-reentrant
+ <dd>builds a different flavor of the ncurses library (ncursest)
+ which improves reentrant use of the
+ library by reducing global and static variables
+ (see the "--with-pthread" option for the threaded support).
+
+ <dt>--enable-weak-symbols
+ <dd>use weak-symbols for linking to the POSIX thread library,
+ and use the same soname for the ncurses shared library
+ as the normal library (caveat: the ABI is for the threaded
+ library, which makes global data accessed via functions).
+
+ <dt>--with-pthread
+ <dd>build with the POSIX thread library (tested with AIX,
+ Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, HPUX, IRIX64, Solaris, Tru64).
+
+ <dt>--with-ticlib
+ <dd>build/install the tic-support functions in a separate library
+
+ </dl>
+
+ <li>improved options:
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>--enable-ext-colors
+ <dd>requires the wide-character configuration.
+
+ <dt>--with-chtype
+ <dd>ignore option value "unsigned" is always added to
+ the type in curses.h; do the same for --with-mmask-t.
+
+ <dt>--with-dmalloc
+ <dd>build-fix for redefinition of <code>strndup</code>.
+
+ <dt>--with-hashed-db
+ <dd>accepts a parameter which is the install-prefix of a given
+ Berkeley Database.
+
+ <dt>--with-hashed-db
+ <dd>the $LIBS environment variable overrides the search for the db
+ library.
+
+ <dt>--without-hashed-db
+ <dd>assumed when "--disable-database" is used.
+
+ </dl>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>other configure/build issues:
+ <ul>
+ <li>build-fixes for LynxOS
+ <li>modify shared-library rules to allow FreeBSD 3.x to use rpath.
+ <li>build-fix for FreeBSD "contemporary" TTY interface.
+ <li>build-fixes for AIX with libtool.
+ <li>build-fixes for Darwin and libtool.
+ <li>modify BeOS-specific ifdef's to build on Haiku.
+ <li>corrected gcc options for building shared libraries on Solaris
+ and IRIX64.
+ <li>change shared-library configuration for OpenBSD, make rpath work.
+ <li>build-fixes for using libutf8, e.g., on OpenBSD 3.7
+ <li>add "-e" option in ncurses/Makefile.in when generating source-files
+ to force earlier exit if the build environment fails unexpectedly.
+ <li>add support for shared libraries for QNX.
+ <li>change delimiter in <code>MKlib_gen.sh</code> from '%' to '@', to
+ avoid substitution by IBM xlc to '#' as part of its extensions to
+ digraphs.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>library:
+ <ul>
+ <li>rewrite wrapper for <code>wcrtomb()</code>, making it work on
+ Solaris. This is used in the form library to determine the length
+ of the buffer needed by <code>field_buffer</code>.
+ <li>add/use configure script macro CF_SIG_ATOMIC_T, use the corresponding
+ type for data manipulated by signal handlers.
+ <li>set locale in misc/ncurses-config.in since it uses a range
+ <li>disable GPM mouse support when $TERM does not happen to contain
+ "linux", since Gpm_Open() no longer limits its assertion to terminals
+ that it might handle, e.g., within "screen" in xterm.
+ <li>reset mouse file-descriptor when unloading GPM library.
+ </ul>
+
+ <li>test programs:
+ <ul>
+ <li>update test programs to build/work with various UNIX curses for
+ comparisons.
+ </ul>
</ul>
<H1>Features of Ncurses</H1>
<UL>
<LI>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/OPEN curses
specification, XSI curses (that is, it implements all BASE level features,
-but not all EXTENDED features). Most EXTENDED-level features not directly
-concerned with wide-character support are implemented, including many
-function calls not supported under SVr4 curses (but portability of all
+and most EXTENDED features).
+It includes many function calls not supported under SVr4 curses
+(but portability of all
calls is documented so you can use the SVr4 subset only).
<LI>Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner
of the screen if your terminal has an insert-character capability.
<LI>Ada95 and C++ bindings.
-<LI>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and OS/2 console windows.
+<LI>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm
+and FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.
<LI>Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm package.
<LI>The function <CODE>wresize()</CODE> allows you to resize windows, preserving
their data.
you to better control the use of function keys,
e.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE,
or by defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key code.
-<LI>Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and XFree86 xterm.
+<LI>Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm, when configured
+using the <code>--enable-ext-colors</code> option.
+<LI>Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and modern xterm.
<LI>Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now features a
cursor-local-movement computation more efficient than either BSD's
or System V's.
<DL>
<DT> cdk
<DD> Curses Development Kit
-<A HREF="http://www.vexus.ca/CDK.html">Curses Development Kit</a>
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/cdk">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/cdk</A>.
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://invisible-island.net/cdk/">http://invisible-island.net/cdk/</A>
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://www.vexus.ca/products/CDK/">http://www.vexus.ca/products/CDK/</a>
<DT> ded
<DD> directory-editor
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ded">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ded</A>.
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://invisible-island.net/ded/">http://invisible-island.net/ded/</A>
<DT> dialog
<DD> the underlying application used in Slackware's setup, and the basis
for similar applications on GNU/Linux.
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://invisible-island.net/dialog/">http://invisible-island.net/dialog/</A>
<DT> lynx
<DD> the character-screen WWW browser
-<DT> Midnight Commander 4.1
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://lynx.isc.org/release/">http://lynx.isc.org/release/</A>
+<DT> Midnight Commander
<DD> file manager
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://www.ibiblio.org/mc/">http://www.ibiblio.org/mc/</A>
<DT> mutt
<DD> mail utility
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://www.mutt.org/">http://www.mutt.org/</A>
<DT> ncftp
<DD> file-transfer utility
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://www.ncftp.com/">http://www.ncftp.com/</A>
<DT> nvi
<DD> New vi versions 1.50 are able to use ncurses versions 1.9.7 and later.
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://www.bostic.com/vi/">http://www.bostic.com/vi/</A>
+<br>
+<DT> pinfo
+<DD> Lynx-like info browser.
+<A HREF="https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/">https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/</A>
<DT> tin
<DD> newsreader, supporting color, MIME
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.akk.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/news/clients/tin-unoff">ftp://ftp.akk.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/news/clients/tin-unoff</A>.
-<DT> taper
-<DD> tape archive utility
-<DT> vh-1.6
-<DD> Volks-Hypertext browser for the Jargon File
+<A HREF="http://www.tin.org/">http://www.tin.org/</A>
</DL>
as well as some that use ncurses for the terminfo support alone:
<DL>
<DT> minicom
<DD> terminal emulator
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/">
+http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/</A>
<DT> vile
<DD> vi-like-emacs
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/vile">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/vile</A>.
+<br>
+<A HREF="http://invisible-island.net/vile/">http://invisible-island.net/vile/</A>
</DL>
<P>
<H2>Who's Who and What's What</H2>
-The original developers of ncurses are <A
-HREF="mailto:zmbenhal@netcom.com">Zeyd Ben-Halim</A> and
-<A HREF="http://www.ccil.org/~esr/home.html">Eric S. Raymond</A>.
+Zeyd Ben-Halim
+started it from a previous package pcurses, written by Pavel Curtis.
+Eric S. Raymond
+continued development.
+Jürgen Pfeifer wrote most of the form and menu libraries.
Ongoing work is being done by
-<A HREF="mailto:dickey@clark.net">Thomas Dickey</A>
-and
-<A HREF="mailto:juergen.pfeifer@gmx.net">Jürgen Pfeifer</A>.
-<A HREF="mailto:dickey@clark.net">Thomas Dickey</A>
-acts as the maintainer for the Free Software Foundation, which holds the
-copyright on ncurses.
+<A HREF="mailto:dickey@invisible-island.net">Thomas Dickey</A>.
+Thomas Dickey
+acts as the maintainer for the Free Software Foundation,
+which holds the copyright on ncurses.
Contact the current maintainers at
<A HREF="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">bug-ncurses@gnu.org</A>.
<P>
testing of this package.<P>
Beta versions of ncurses and patches to the current release are made available at
-<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses</A>.
+<A HREF="ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</A> .
<H2>Future Plans</H2>
<UL>
<H2>Other Related Resources</H2>
-The distribution includes and uses a version of the terminfo-format
-terminal description file maintained by Eric Raymond.
-<A HREF="http://earthspace.net/~esr/terminfo">http://earthspace.net/~esr/terminfo</A>.<P>
+The distribution provides a newer version of the terminfo-format
+terminal description file once maintained by
+<A HREF="http://www.catb.org/~esr/terminfo/">Eric Raymond</A> .
+Unlike the older version, the termcap and terminfo data are provided
+in the same file, and provides several user-definable extensions
+beyond the X/Open specification.<P>
You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
not covered in the terminfo file at
<A HREF="http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal_index.html">Richard Shuford's
-archive</A>.
+archive</A> .
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