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+<H1 class="no-header">curs_attr 3x 2024-04-27 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>attroff</B>, <B>wattroff</B>, <B>attron</B>, <B>wattron</B>, <B>attrset</B>, <B>wattrset</B>,
- <B>color_set</B>, <B>wcolor_set</B>, <B>standend</B>, <B>wstandend</B>, <B>standout</B>,
- <B>wstandout</B>, <B>attr_get</B>, <B>wattr_get</B>, <B>attr_off</B>, <B>wattr_off</B>,
- <B>attr_on</B>, <B>wattr_on</B>, <B>attr_set</B>, <B>wattr_set</B>, <B>chgat</B>, <B>wchgat</B>,
- <B>mvchgat</B>, <B>mvwchgat</B>, <B>PAIR_NUMBER</B> - <B>curses</B> character and win-
- dow attribute control routines
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attroff(int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattroff(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attron(int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattron(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attrset(int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattrset(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>attrs);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>color_set(short</B> <B>color_pair_number,</B> <B>void*</B> <B>opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wcolor_set(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>short</B> <B>color_pair_number,</B>
- <B>void*</B> <B>opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>standend(void);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wstandend(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>standout(void);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wstandout(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attr_get(attr_t</B> <B>*attrs,</B> <B>short</B> <B>*pair,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattr_get(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>*attrs,</B> <B>short</B> <B>*pair,</B>
- <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attr_off(attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattr_off(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attr_on(attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattr_on(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>attr_set(attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>short</B> <B>pair,</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wattr_set(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attrs,</B> <B>short</B> <B>pair,</B> <B>void</B>
- <B>*opts);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>chgat(int</B> <B>n,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attr,</B> <B>short</B> <B>color,</B>
- <B>const</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts)</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wchgat(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>n,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attr,</B>
- <B>short</B> <B>color,</B> <B>const</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts)</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvchgat(int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x,</B> <B>int</B> <B>n,</B> <B>attr_t</B> <B>attr,</B>
- <B>short</B> <B>color,</B> <B>const</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts)</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvwchgat(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x,</B> <B>int</B> <B>n,</B>
- <B>attr_t</B> <B>attr,</B> <B>short</B> <B>color,</B> <B>const</B> <B>void</B> <B>*opts)</B>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>chgat</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>color_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcolor_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandend</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>standout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandout</STRONG> - manipulate attributes of character cells in
+ <EM>curses</EM> windows
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- These routines manipulate the current attributes of the
- named window. The current attributes of a window apply to
- all characters that are written into the window with <B>wad-</B>
- <B>dch</B>, <B>waddstr</B> and <B>wprintw</B>. Attributes are a property of
- the character, and move with the character through any
- scrolling and insert/delete line/character operations. To
- the extent possible, they are displayed as appropriate
- modifications to the graphic rendition of characters put
- on the screen.
-
- The routine <B>attrset</B> sets the current attributes of the
- given window to <I>attrs</I>. The routine <B>attroff</B> turns off the
- named attributes without turning any other attributes on
- or off. The routine <B>attron</B> turns on the named attributes
- without affecting any others. The routine <B>standout</B> is the
- same as <B>attron(A_STANDOUT)</B>. The routine <B>standend</B> is the
- same as <B>attrset(A_NORMAL)</B> or <B>attrset(0)</B>, that is, it turns
- off all attributes.
-
- The routine <B>color_set</B> sets the current color of the given
- window to the foreground/background combination described
- by the color_pair_number. The parameter opts is reserved
- for future use, applications must supply a null pointer.
-
- The routine <B>wattr_get</B> returns the current attribute and
- color pair for the given window; <B>attr_get</B> returns the cur-
- rent attribute and color pair for <B>stdscr</B>. The remaining
- <B>attr_</B>* functions operate exactly like the corresponding
- <B>attr</B>* functions, except that they take arguments of type
- <B>attr_t</B> rather than <B>int</B>.
-
- The routine <B>chgat</B> changes the attributes of a given number
- of characters starting at the current cursor location of
- <B>stdscr</B>. It does not update the cursor and does not per-
- form wrapping. A character count of -1 or greater than
- the remaining window width means to change attributes all
- the way to the end of the current line. The <B>wchgat</B> func-
- tion generalizes this to any window; the <B>mvwchgat</B> function
- does a cursor move before acting. In these functions, the
- color argument is a color-pair index (as in the first
- argument of <I>init</I><B>_</B><I>pair</I>, see <B><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></B>). The <B>opts</B>
- argument is not presently used, but is reserved for the
- future (leave it <B>NULL</B>).
-
- <B>Attributes</B>
- The following video attributes, defined in <B><curses.h></B>, can
- be passed to the routines <B>attron</B>, <B>attroff</B>, and <B>attrset</B>, or
- OR'ed with the characters passed to <B>addch</B>.
-
- <B>A_NORMAL</B> Normal display (no highlight)
- <B>A_STANDOUT</B> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
- <B>A_UNDERLINE</B> Underlining
- <B>A_REVERSE</B> Reverse video
- <B>A_BLINK</B> Blinking
- <B>A_DIM</B> Half bright
- <B>A_BOLD</B> Extra bright or bold
- <B>A_PROTECT</B> Protected mode
- <B>A_INVIS</B> Invisible or blank mode
- <B>A_ALTCHARSET</B> Alternate character set
- <B>A_CHARTEXT</B> Bit-mask to extract a character
- <B>COLOR_PAIR(</B><I>n</I><B>)</B> Color-pair number <I>n</I>
-
- The following macro is the reverse of <B>COLOR_PAIR(</B><I>n</I><B>)</B>:
-
- <B>PAIR_NUMBER(</B><I>attrs</I>) Returns the pair number associated
- with the <B>COLOR_PAIR(</B><I>n</I><B>)</B> attribute.
-
- The return values of many of these routines are not mean-
- ingful (they are implemented as macro-expanded assignments
- and simply return their argument). The SVr4 manual page
- claims (falsely) that these routines always return <B>1</B>.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_get(attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_get(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_set(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
- Note that <B>attroff</B>, <B>wattroff</B>, <B>attron</B>, <B>wattron</B>, <B>attrset</B>,
- <B>wattrset</B>, <B>standend</B> and <B>standout</B> may be macros.
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_off(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_off(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_on(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_on(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attroff(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattroff(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attron(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattron(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attrset(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattrset(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- All these functions are supported in the XSI Curses stan-
- dard, Issue 4. The standard defined the dedicated type
- for highlights, <B>attr_t</B>, which is not defined in SVr4
- curses. The functions taking <B>attr_t</B> arguments are not sup-
- ported under SVr4.
-
- The XSI Curses standard states that whether the tradi-
- tional functions <B>attron</B>/<B>attroff</B>/<B>attrset</B> can manipulate
- attributes other than <B>A_BLINK</B>, <B>A_BOLD</B>, <B>A_DIM</B>, <B>A_REVERSE</B>,
- <B>A_STANDOUT</B>, or <B>A_UNDERLINE</B> is "unspecified". Under this
- implementation as well as SVr4 curses, these functions
- correctly manipulate all other highlights (specifically,
- <B>A_ALTCHARSET</B>, <B>A_PROTECT</B>, and <B>A_INVIS</B>).
-
- XSI Curses added the new entry points, <B>attr_get</B>, <B>attr_on</B>,
- <B>attr_off</B>, <B>attr_set</B>, <B>wattr_on</B>, <B>wattr_off</B>, <B>wattr_get</B>,
- <B>wattr_set</B>. These are intended to work with a new series
- of highlight macros prefixed with <B>WA_</B>.
-
- <B>WA_NORMAL</B> Normal display (no highlight)
- <B>WA_STANDOUT</B> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
- <B>WA_UNDERLINE</B> Underlining
- <B>WA_REVERSE</B> Reverse video
- <B>WA_BLINK</B> Blinking
- <B>WA_DIM</B> Half bright
- <B>WA_BOLD</B> Extra bright or bold
- <B>WA_ALTCHARSET</B> Alternate character set
-
- The XSI curses standard specifies that each pair of corre-
- sponding <B>A_</B> and <B>WA_</B>-using functions operates on the same
- current-highlight information.
-
- The XSI standard extended conformance level adds new high-
- lights <B>A_HORIZONTAL</B>, <B>A_LEFT</B>, <B>A_LOW</B>, <B>A_RIGHT</B>, <B>A_TOP</B>, <B>A_VER-</B>
- <B>TICAL</B> (and corresponding <B>WA_</B> macros for each) which this
- curses does not yet support.
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>chgat(int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvchgat(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>color_set(short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wcolor_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standend(void);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandend(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standout(void);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+ These routines manipulate the current attributes of the named window,
+ which then apply to all characters that are written into the window
+ with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddstr</STRONG> and <STRONG>wprintw</STRONG>. Attributes are a property of the
+ character, and move with the character through any scrolling and
+ insert/delete line/character operations. To the extent possible, they
+ are displayed as appropriate modifications to the graphic rendition of
+ characters put on the screen.
+
+ These routines do not affect the attributes used when erasing portions
+ of the window. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG> for functions which modify the
+ attributes used for erasing and clearing.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Window-Attributes">Window Attributes</a></H3><PRE>
+ There are two sets of functions:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> functions for manipulating the window attributes and color:
+ <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> functions for manipulating only the window attributes (not color):
+ <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>.
+
+ The <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> function sets the current attributes of the given window
+ to <EM>attrs</EM>, with color specified by <EM>pair</EM>.
+
+ Use <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG> to retrieve attributes for the given window.
+
+ Use <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG> to turn on window attributes, i.e., values
+ OR'd together in <EM>attr</EM>, without affecting other attributes. Use
+ <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG> to turn off window attributes, again values OR'd
+ together in <EM>attr</EM>, without affecting other attributes.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-Window-Attributes">Legacy Window Attributes</a></H3><PRE>
+ The X/Open window attribute routines which <EM>set</EM> or <EM>get</EM>, turn <EM>on</EM> or <EM>off</EM>
+ are extensions of older routines which assume that color pairs are OR'd
+ into the attribute parameter. These newer routines use similar names,
+ because X/Open simply added an underscore (<STRONG>_</STRONG>) for the newer names.
+
+ The <STRONG>int</STRONG> datatype used in the legacy routines is treated as if it is the
+ same size as <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> (used by <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">addch(3x)</A></STRONG>). It holds the common video
+ attributes (such as bold, reverse), as well as a few bits for color.
+ Those bits correspond to the <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG> symbol. The <STRONG>COLOR_PAIR</STRONG> macro
+ provides a value which can be OR'd into the attribute parameter. For
+ example, as long as that value fits into the <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG> mask, then these
+ calls produce similar results:
+
+ attrset(A_BOLD | COLOR_PAIR(<EM>pair</EM>));
+ attr_set(A_BOLD, <EM>pair</EM>, NULL);
+
+ However, if the value does not fit, then the <STRONG>COLOR_PAIR</STRONG> macro uses only
+ the bits that fit. For example, because in <EM>ncurses</EM> <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG> has eight
+ (8) bits, then <STRONG>COLOR_PAIR(</STRONG><EM>259</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG> is 4 (i.e., 259 is 4 more than the limit
+ 255).
+
+ The <STRONG>PAIR_NUMBER</STRONG> macro extracts a pair number from an <STRONG>int</STRONG> (or <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>).
+ For example, the <EM>input</EM> and <EM>output</EM> values in these statements would be
+ the same:
+
+ int value = A_BOLD | COLOR_PAIR(<EM>input</EM>);
+ int <EM>output</EM> = PAIR_NUMBER(value);
+
+ The <STRONG>attrset</STRONG> routine is a legacy feature predating SVr4 curses but kept
+ in X/Open Curses for the same reason that SVr4 curses kept it:
+ compatibility.
+
+ The remaining <STRONG>attr</STRONG>* functions operate exactly like the corresponding
+ <STRONG>attr_</STRONG>* functions, except that they take arguments of type <STRONG>int</STRONG> rather
+ than <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>.
+
+ There is no corresponding <STRONG>attrget</STRONG> function as such in X/Open Curses,
+ although <EM>ncurses</EM> provides <STRONG>getattrs</STRONG> (see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-Character-Rendition">Change Character Rendition</a></H3><PRE>
+ The routine <STRONG>chgat</STRONG> changes the attributes of a given number of
+ characters starting at the current cursor location of <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>. It does
+ not update the cursor and does not perform wrapping. A character count
+ of -1 or greater than the remaining window width means to change
+ attributes all the way to the end of the current line. The <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG>
+ function generalizes this to any window; the <STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG> function does a
+ cursor move before acting.
+
+ In these functions, the color <EM>pair</EM> argument is a color pair index (as
+ in the first argument of <STRONG>init_pair</STRONG>, see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-Window-Color">Change Window Color</a></H3><PRE>
+ The routine <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> sets the current color of the given window to the
+ foreground/background combination described by the color <EM>pair</EM>
+ parameter.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Standout">Standout</a></H3><PRE>
+ The routine <STRONG>standout</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attron(A_STANDOUT)</STRONG>. The routine
+ <STRONG>standend</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attrset(A_NORMAL)</STRONG> or <STRONG>attrset(0)</STRONG>, that is, it
+ turns off all attributes.
+
+ X/Open Curses does not mark these "restricted", because
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> they have well established legacy use, and
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> there is no ambiguity about the way the attributes might be
+ combined with a color pair.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Video-Attributes">Video Attributes</a></H3><PRE>
+ The following video attributes, defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, can be passed to
+ the routines <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, and <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, or OR'd with the characters
+ passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> (see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+
+ <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>A_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
+ <STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal
+ <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
+ <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
+ <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
+ <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
+ <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
+ <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG> Protected mode
+ <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG> Invisible or blank mode
+ <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
+ <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> Italics (non-X/Open extension)
+ <STRONG>A_CHARTEXT</STRONG> Bit-mask to extract a character
+ <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG> Bit-mask to extract a color (legacy routines)
+
+ These video attributes are supported by <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and related functions
+ (which also support the attributes recognized by <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, etc.):
+
+ <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>WA_HORIZONTAL</STRONG> Horizontal highlight
+ <STRONG>WA_LEFT</STRONG> Left highlight
+ <STRONG>WA_LOW</STRONG> Low highlight
+ <STRONG>WA_RIGHT</STRONG> Right highlight
+ <STRONG>WA_TOP</STRONG> Top highlight
+ <STRONG>WA_VERTICAL</STRONG> Vertical highlight
+
+ The return values of many of these routines are not meaningful (they
+ are implemented as macro-expanded assignments and simply return their
+ argument). The SVr4 manual page claims (falsely) that these routines
+ always return <STRONG>1</STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ All routines return the integer <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success, or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on failure.
+
+ X/Open Curses does not specify any error conditions.
+
+ This implementation
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the window pointer is null.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the color pair parameter for <STRONG>wcolor_set</STRONG> is
+ outside the range 0..COLOR_PAIRS-1.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> does not return an error if either of the parameters of <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>
+ used for retrieving attribute or color pair values is <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>.
+
+ Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
+ the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
+ These functions may be macros:
+
+ <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG>
+ and <STRONG>standout</STRONG>.
+
+ Color pair values can only be OR'd with attributes if the pair number
+ is less than 256. The alternate functions such as <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> can pass a
+ color pair value directly. However, <EM>ncurses</EM> ABI 4 and 5 simply OR this
+ value within the alternate functions. You must use <EM>ncurses</EM> ABI 6 to
+ support more than 256 color pairs.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
+ This implementation provides the <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> attribute for terminals which
+ have the <STRONG>enter_italics_mode</STRONG> (<STRONG>sitm</STRONG>) and <STRONG>exit_italics_mode</STRONG> (<STRONG>ritm</STRONG>)
+ capabilities. Italics are not mentioned in X/Open Curses. Unlike the
+ other video attributes, <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> is unrelated to the <STRONG>set_attributes</STRONG>
+ capabilities. This implementation makes the assumption that
+ <STRONG>exit_attribute_mode</STRONG> may also reset italics.
+
+ Each of the functions added by XSI Curses has a parameter <EM>opts</EM>, which
+ X/Open Curses still (after more than twenty years) documents as
+ reserved for future use, saying that it should be <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>. This
+ implementation uses that parameter in ABI 6 for the functions which
+ have a color pair parameter to support <EM>extended</EM> <EM>color</EM> <EM>pairs</EM>:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> For functions which modify the color, e.g., <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>,
+ if <EM>opts</EM> is set it is treated as a pointer to <STRONG>int</STRONG>, and used to set
+ the color pair instead of the <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM> parameter.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> For functions which retrieve the color, e.g., <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, if <EM>opts</EM> is
+ set it is treated as a pointer to <STRONG>int</STRONG>, and used to retrieve the
+ color pair as an <STRONG>int</STRONG> value, in addition to retrieving it via the
+ standard pointer to <STRONG>short</STRONG> parameter.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> For functions which turn attributes off, e.g., <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, the <EM>opts</EM>
+ parameter is ignored except except to check that it is <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+ These functions are described in X/Open Curses, Issue 4. The standard
+ defined the dedicated type for highlights, <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>, which was not
+ defined in SVr4 curses. The functions taking <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> arguments were not
+ supported under SVr4.
+
+ Very old versions of this library did not force an update of the screen
+ when changing the attributes. Use <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> to force the screen to
+ match the updated attributes.
+
+ X/Open Curses states that whether the traditional functions
+ <STRONG>attron</STRONG>/<STRONG>attroff</STRONG>/<STRONG>attrset</STRONG> can manipulate attributes other than <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG>, or <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> is "unspecified".
+ Under this implementation as well as SVr4 curses, these functions
+ correctly manipulate all other highlights (specifically, <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG>, and <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG>).
+
+ X/Open Curses added these entry points:
+
+ <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG>
+
+ The new functions are intended to work with a new series of highlight
+ macros prefixed with <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>. The older macros have direct counterparts in
+ the newer set of names:
+
+ <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <STRONG>WA_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
+ <STRONG>WA_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal
+ <STRONG>WA_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
+ <STRONG>WA_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
+ <STRONG>WA_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
+ <STRONG>WA_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
+ <STRONG>WA_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
+
+ <STRONG>WA_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
+
+ X/Open Curses does not assign values to these symbols, nor does it
+ state whether or not they are related to the similarly-named A_NORMAL,
+ etc.:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses specifies that each pair of corresponding <STRONG>A_</STRONG> and
+ <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>-using functions operates on the same current-highlight
+ information.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> However, in some implementations, those symbols have unrelated
+ values.
+
+ For example, the Solaris <EM>xpg4</EM> (X/Open) curses declares <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> to be
+ an unsigned short integer (16-bits), while <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> is a unsigned
+ integer (32-bits). The <STRONG>WA_</STRONG> symbols in this case are different from
+ the <STRONG>A_</STRONG> symbols because they are used for a smaller datatype which
+ does not represent <STRONG>A_CHARTEXT</STRONG> or <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG>.
+
+ In this implementation (as in many others), the values happen to be
+ the same because it simplifies copying information between <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>
+ and <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> variables.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Because <EM>ncurses</EM>'s <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> can hold a color pair (in the <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG>
+ field), a call to <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, or <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> may alter the
+ window's color. If the color pair information in the attribute
+ parameter is zero, no change is made to the window's color.
+
+ This is consistent with SVr4 curses; X/Open Curses does not specify
+ this.
+
+ The X/Open Curses extended conformance level adds new highlights
+ <STRONG>A_HORIZONTAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LEFT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_RIGHT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_TOP</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_VERTICAL</STRONG> (and
+ corresponding <STRONG>WA_</STRONG> macros for each). As of August 2013, no known
+ terminal provides these highlights (i.e., via the <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG> capability).
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
+ X/Open Curses is largely based on SVr4 curses, adding support for
+ "wide-characters" (not specific to Unicode). Some of the X/Open
+ differences from SVr4 curses address the way video attributes can be
+ applied to wide-characters. But aside from that, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG> and <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>
+ are similar. SVr4 curses provided the basic features for manipulating
+ video attributes. However, earlier versions of curses provided a part
+ of these features.
+
+ As seen in 2.8BSD, curses assumed 7-bit characters, using the eighth
+ bit of a byte to represent the <EM>standout</EM> feature (often implemented as
+ bold and/or reverse video). The BSD curses library provided functions
+ <STRONG>standout</STRONG> and <STRONG>standend</STRONG> which were carried along into X/Open Curses due
+ to their pervasive use in legacy applications.
+
+ Some terminals in the 1980s could support a variety of video
+ attributes, although the BSD curses library could do nothing with
+ those. System V (1983) provided an improved curses library. It
+ defined the <STRONG>A_</STRONG> symbols for use by applications to manipulate the other
+ attributes. There are few useful references for the chronology.
+
+ Goodheart's book <EM>UNIX</EM> <EM>Curses</EM> <EM>Explained</EM> (1991) describes SVr3 (1987),
+ commenting on several functions:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG> functions (and most of the functions
+ found in SVr4 but not in BSD curses) were introduced by System V,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the alternate character set feature with <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> was added in
+ SVr2 and improved in SVr3 (by adding <STRONG>acs_map[]</STRONG>),
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>start_color</STRONG> and related color-functions were introduced by System
+ V.3.2,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> pads, soft-keys were added in SVr3, and
+
+ Goodheart did not mention the background character or the <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> type.
+ Those are respectively SVr4 and X/Open features. He did mention the <STRONG>A_</STRONG>
+ constants, but did not indicate their values. Those were not the same
+ in different systems, even for those marked as System V.
+
+ Different Unix systems used different sizes for the bit-fields in
+ <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> for <EM>characters</EM> and <EM>colors</EM>, and took into account the different
+ integer sizes (32-bit versus 64-bit).
+
+ This table showing the number of bits for <STRONG>A_COLOR</STRONG> and <STRONG>A_CHARTEXT</STRONG> was
+ gleaned from the curses header files for various operating systems and
+ architectures. The inferred architecture and notes reflect the format
+ and size of the defined constants as well as clues such as the
+ alternate character set implementation. A 32-bit library can be used
+ on a 64-bit system, but not necessarily the reverse.
+
+ <STRONG>Bits</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>Year</STRONG> <STRONG>System</STRONG> <STRONG>Arch</STRONG> <STRONG>Color</STRONG> <STRONG>Char</STRONG> <STRONG>Notes</STRONG>
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1992 Solaris 5.2 32 6 17 SVr4 <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1992 HP-UX 9 32 no 8 SVr2 <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1992 AIX 3.2 32 no 23 SVr2 <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1994 OSF/1 r3 32 no 23 SVr2 <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1995 HP-UX 10.00 32 6 16 SVr3 <EM>curses</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>colr</EM>
+ 1995 HP-UX 10.00 32 6 8 SVr4, X/Open <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1995 Solaris 5.4 32/64 7 16 X/Open <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1996 AIX 4.2 32 7 16 X/Open <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1996 OSF/1 r4 32 6 16 X/Open <EM>curses</EM>
+ 1997 HP-UX 11.00 32 6 8 X/Open <EM>curses</EM>
+ 2000 U/Win 32/64 7/31 16 uses <EM>chtype</EM>
+
+ Notes:
+
+ Regarding HP-UX,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX 10.20 (1996) added support for 64-bit PA-RISC processors
+ in 1996.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX 10.30 (1997) marked "curses_colr" obsolete. That version
+ of curses was dropped with HP-UX 11.30 in 2006.
+
+ Regarding OSF/1 (and Tru64),
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> These used 64-bit hardware. Like <EM>ncurses</EM>, the OSF/1 curses
+ interface is not customized for 32-bit and 64-bit versions.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Unlike other systems which evolved from AT&T code, OSF/1
+ provided a new implementation for X/Open curses.
+
+ Regarding Solaris,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The initial release of Solaris was in 1992.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>xpg4</EM> (X/Open) curses was developed by MKS from 1990 to 1995.
+ Sun's copyright began in 1996.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Sun updated the X/Open curses interface after 64-bit support was
+ introduced in 1997, but did not modify the SVr4 curses
+ interface.
+
+ Regarding U/Win,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Development of the curses library began in 1991, stopped in
+ 2000.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Color support was added in 1998.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The library uses only <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> (no <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>).
+
+ Once X/Open curses was adopted in the mid-1990s, the constraint of a
+ 32-bit interface with many colors and wide-characters for <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> became
+ a moot point. The <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> structure (whose size and members are not
+ specified in X/Open Curses) could be extended as needed.
+
+ Other interfaces are rarely used now:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> BSD curses was improved slightly in 1993/1994 using Keith Bostic's
+ modification to make the library 8-bit clean for <STRONG>nvi(1)</STRONG>. He moved
+ <EM>standout</EM> attribute to a structure member.
+
+ The resulting 4.4BSD curses was replaced by <EM>ncurses</EM> over the next
+ ten years.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> U/Win is rarely used now.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></B>,
- <B><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></B>
+ncurses 6.5 2024-04-27 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Window-Attributes">Window Attributes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Legacy-Window-Attributes">Legacy Window Attributes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Change-Character-Rendition">Change Character Rendition</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Change-Window-Color">Change Window Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Standout">Standout</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Video-Attributes">Video Attributes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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