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- * @Id: curs_getch.3x,v 1.24 2003/12/27 18:46:06 tom Exp @
+ * @Id: curs_getch.3x,v 1.30 2006/12/02 17:02:53 tom Exp @
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<PRE>
<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
-<STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> - get
+ <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> - get
(or push back) characters from <STRONG>curses</STRONG> terminal keyboard
character from the window. In no-delay mode, if no input
is waiting, the value <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned. In delay mode, the
program waits until the system passes text through to the
- program. Depending on the setting of <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, this is
- after one character (cbreak mode), or after the first new-
+ program. Depending on the setting of <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, this is af-
+ ter one character (cbreak mode), or after the first new-
line (nocbreak mode). In half-delay mode, the program
waits until a character is typed or the specified timeout
has been reached.
lowing rules: If the character is the current erase char-
acter, left arrow, or backspace, the cursor is moved one
space to the left and that screen position is erased as if
- <STRONG>delch</STRONG> had been called. If the character value is any
- other <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG> define, the user is alerted with a <STRONG>beep</STRONG> call.
+ <STRONG>delch</STRONG> had been called. If the character value is any oth-
+ er <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG> define, the user is alerted with a <STRONG>beep</STRONG> call.
Otherwise the character is simply output to the screen.
If the window is not a pad, and it has been moved or modi-
fied since the last call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> will be
called before another character is read.
- If <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>, and a function key is pressed, the
- token for that function key is returned instead of the raw
- characters. Possible function keys are defined in
- <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> as macros with values outside the range of
- 8-bit characters whose names begin with <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG>. Thus, a
- variable intended to hold the return value of a function
- key must be of short size or larger.
+ If <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>, and a function key is pressed, the to-
+ ken for that function key is returned instead of the raw
+ characters. Possible function keys are defined in <STRONG><curs-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>es.h></STRONG> as macros with values outside the range of 8-bit
+ characters whose names begin with <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG>. Thus, a variable
+ intended to hold the return value of a function key must
+ be of short size or larger.
When a character that could be the beginning of a function
- key is received (which, on modern terminals, means an
- escape character), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> sets a timer. If the remainder
- of the sequence does not come in within the designated
- time, the character is passed through; otherwise, the
- function key value is returned. For this reason, many
- terminals experience a delay between the time a user
- presses the escape key and the escape is returned to the
- program.
+ key is received (which, on modern terminals, means an es-
+ cape character), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> sets a timer. If the remainder of
+ the sequence does not come in within the designated time,
+ the character is passed through; otherwise, the function
+ key value is returned. For this reason, many terminals
+ experience a delay between the time a user presses the es-
+ cape key and the escape is returned to the program.
The <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG> routine places <EM>ch</EM> back onto the input queue to
be returned by the next call to <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>. There is just one
input queue for all windows.
-
<STRONG>Function</STRONG> <STRONG>Keys</STRONG>
- The following function keys, defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, might
- be returned by <STRONG>getch</STRONG> if <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> has been enabled. Note
- that not all of these are necessarily supported on any
+ The following function keys, defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, might
+ be returned by <STRONG>getch</STRONG> if <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> has been enabled. Note
+ that not all of these are necessarily supported on any
particular terminal.
- <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Key</EM> <EM>name</EM>
- KEY_BREAK Break key
+ <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Key</EM> <EM>name</EM>
+ KEY_BREAK Break key
KEY_DOWN The four arrow keys ...
KEY_UP
KEY_LEFT
KEY_REFERENCE Ref(erence) key
KEY_REFRESH Refresh key
KEY_REPLACE Replace key
-
KEY_RESIZE Screen resized
KEY_RESTART Restart key
+
KEY_RESUME Resume key
KEY_SAVE Save key
KEY_SBEG Shifted beginning key
Keypad is arranged like this:
+
+-----+------+-------+
| <STRONG>A1</STRONG> | <STRONG>up</STRONG> | <STRONG>A3</STRONG> |
+-----+------+-------+
The <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> routine takes a key value from the above list,
and returns TRUE or FALSE according to whether the current
terminal type recognizes a key with that value. Note that
- a few values do not correspond to a real key, e.g.,
- KEY_RESIZE and KEY_MOUSE.
-
+ a few values do not correspond to a real key, e.g.,
+ <STRONG>KEY_RESIZE</STRONG> and <STRONG>KEY_MOUSE</STRONG>. See <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG> for more de-
+ tails about <STRONG>KEY_RESIZE</STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discus-
+ sion of <STRONG>KEY_MOUSE</STRONG>.
</PRE>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and an
+ All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and an
integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> (<STRONG>OK</STRONG> in the case of ungetch())
upon successful completion.
+ <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG>
+ returns an error if there is no more room in
+ the FIFO.
+
+ <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>
+ returns an error if the window pointer is
+ null, or if its timeout expires without having
+ any data.
+
</PRE>
<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
ing function-key sequence.
Note that some keys may be the same as commonly used con-
- trol keys, e.g., KEY_ENTER versus control/M, KEY_BACKSPACE
+ trol keys, e.g., <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> versus control/M, <STRONG>KEY_BACKSPACE</STRONG>
versus control/H. Some curses implementations may differ
according to whether they treat these control keys spe-
cially (and ignore the terminfo), or use the terminfo def-
initions. <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> uses the terminfo definition. If it
- says that KEY_ENTER is control/M, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> will return
- KEY_ENTER when you press control/M.
+ says that <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> is control/M, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> will return
+ <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> when you press control/M.
When using <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, or <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, nocbreak
mode (<STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>) and echo mode (<STRONG>echo</STRONG>) should not be used at
the same time. Depending on the state of the tty driver
- when each character is typed, the program may produce
- undesirable results.
+ when each character is typed, the program may produce un-
+ desirable results.
Note that <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG> may be macros.
The echo behavior of these functions on input of <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG> or
backspace characters was not specified in the SVr4 docu-
- mentation. This description is adopted from the XSI
- Curses standard.
+ mentation. This description is adopted from the XSI Curs-
+ es standard.
The behavior of <STRONG>getch</STRONG> and friends in the presence of han-
dled signals is unspecified in the SVr4 and XSI Curses
documentation. Under historical curses implementations,
- it varied depending on whether the operating system's
- implementation of handled signal receipt interrupts a
+ it varied depending on whether the operating system's im-
+ plementation of handled signal receipt interrupts a
<STRONG><A HREF="read.2.html">read(2)</A></STRONG> call in progress or not, and also (in some imple-
mentations) depending on whether an input timeout or non-
blocking mode has been set.
Programmers concerned about portability should be prepared
- for either of two cases: (a) signal receipt does not
- interrupt <STRONG>getch</STRONG>; (b) signal receipt interrupts <STRONG>getch</STRONG> and
+ for either of two cases: (a) signal receipt does not in-
+ terrupt <STRONG>getch</STRONG>; (b) signal receipt interrupts <STRONG>getch</STRONG> and
causes it to return ERR with <STRONG>errno</STRONG> set to <STRONG>EINTR</STRONG>. Under
the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> implementation, handled signals never inter-
rupt <STRONG>getch</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> function is unique to <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. We recommend
- that any code using it be conditionalized on the
- <STRONG>NCURSES_VERSION</STRONG> feature macro.
+ that any code using it be conditionalized on the <STRONG>NCURS-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>ES_VERSION</STRONG> feature macro.
</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>,
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>. <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+ Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) li-
+ brary are described in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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