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+<H1 class="no-header">curs_getch 3x</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
+<STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, <B>mvwgetch</B>, <B>ungetch</B>, <B>has_key</B> - get
- (or push back) characters from <B>curses</B> terminal keyboard
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
- <B>int</B> <B>getch(void);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wgetch(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvgetch(int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvwgetch(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>ungetch(int</B> <B>ch);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>has_key(int</B> <B>ch);</B>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> - get
+ (or push back) characters from <STRONG>curses</STRONG> terminal keyboard
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- The <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B> and <B>mvwgetch</B>, routines read a
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
+
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>getch(void);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wgetch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win);</EM>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvgetch(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwgetch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>ungetch(int</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>has_key(int</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Reading-characters">Reading characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG> and <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, routines read a
character from the window. In no-delay mode, if no input
- is waiting, the value <B>ERR</B> is returned. In delay mode, the
+ is waiting, the value <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned. In delay mode, the
program waits until the system passes text through to the
- program. Depending on the setting of <B>cbreak</B>, this is
- after one character (cbreak mode), or after the first new-
+ program. Depending on the setting of <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, this is af-
+ ter one character (cbreak mode), or after the first new-
line (nocbreak mode). In half-delay mode, the program
waits until a character is typed or the specified timeout
has been reached.
- Unless <B>noecho</B> has been set, then the character will also
- be echoed into the designated window according to the fol-
- lowing rules: If the character is the current erase char-
- acter, left arrow, or backspace, the cursor is moved one
- space to the left and that screen position is erased as if
- <B>delch</B> had been called. If the character value is any
- other <B>KEY_</B> define, the user is alerted with a <B>beep</B> call.
- Otherwise the character is simply output to the screen.
+ If <STRONG>echo</STRONG> is enabled, and the window is not a pad, then the
+ character will also be echoed into the designated window
+ according to the following rules:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the character is the current erase character, left
+ arrow, or backspace, the cursor is moved one space to
+ the left and that screen position is erased as if
+ <STRONG>delch</STRONG> had been called.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the character value is any other <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG> define, the
+ user is alerted with a <STRONG>beep</STRONG> call.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the character is a carriage-return, and if <STRONG>nl</STRONG> is
+ enabled, it is translated to a line-feed after echo-
+ ing.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise the character is simply output to the
+ screen.
If the window is not a pad, and it has been moved or modi-
- fied since the last call to <B>wrefresh</B>, <B>wrefresh</B> will be
+ fied since the last call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> will be
called before another character is read.
- If <B>keypad</B> is <B>TRUE</B>, and a function key is pressed, the
- token for that function key is returned instead of the raw
- characters. Possible function keys are defined in
- <B><curses.h></B> as macros with values outside the range of
- 8-bit characters whose names begin with <B>KEY_.</B> Thus, a
- variable intended to hold the return value of a function
- key must be of short size or larger.
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Keypad-mode">Keypad mode</a></H3><PRE>
+ If <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>, and a function key is pressed, the to-
+ ken for that function key is returned instead of the raw
+ characters:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The predefined function keys are listed in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
+ as macros with values outside the range of 8-bit char-
+ acters. Their names begin with <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Other (user-defined) function keys which may be de-
+ fined using <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG> have no names, but also are
+ expected to have values outside the range of 8-bit
+ characters.
+
+ Thus, a variable intended to hold the return value of a
+ function key must be of short size or larger.
When a character that could be the beginning of a function
- key is received (which, on modern terminals, means an
- escape character), <B>curses</B> sets a timer. If the remainder
- of the sequence does not come in within the designated
- time, the character is passed through; otherwise, the
- function key value is returned. For this reason, many
- terminals experience a delay between the time a user
- presses the escape key and the escape is returned to the
- program.
-
- The <B>ungetch</B> routine places <I>ch</I> back onto the input queue to
- be returned by the next call to <B>wgetch</B>. Note that there
- is, in effect, just one input queue for all windows.
-
-
- <B>Function</B> <B>Keys</B>
- The following function keys, defined in <B><curses.h></B>, might
- be returned by <B>getch</B> if <B>keypad</B> has been enabled. Note
- that not all of these are necessarily supported on any
- particular terminal.
-
- <I>Name</I> <I>Key</I> <I>name</I>
-
- KEY_BREAK Break key
- KEY_DOWN The four arrow keys ...
- KEY_UP
- KEY_LEFT
- KEY_RIGHT
- KEY_HOME Home key (upward+left arrow)
- KEY_BACKSPACE Backspace
- KEY_F0 Function keys; space for 64 keys
- is reserved.
- KEY_F(<I>n</I>) For 0 <= <I>n</I> <= 63
- KEY_DL Delete line
- KEY_IL Insert line
- KEY_DC Delete character
- KEY_IC Insert char or enter insert mode
- KEY_EIC Exit insert char mode
- KEY_CLEAR Clear screen
- KEY_EOS Clear to end of screen
- KEY_EOL Clear to end of line
- KEY_SF Scroll 1 line forward
- KEY_SR Scroll 1 line backward (reverse)
- KEY_NPAGE Next page
- KEY_PPAGE Previous page
- KEY_STAB Set tab
- KEY_CTAB Clear tab
- KEY_CATAB Clear all tabs
- KEY_ENTER Enter or send
- KEY_SRESET Soft (partial) reset
- KEY_RESET Reset or hard reset
- KEY_PRINT Print or copy
- KEY_LL Home down or bottom (lower left).
- KEY_A1 Upper left of keypad
- KEY_A3 Upper right of keypad
- KEY_B2 Center of keypad
- KEY_C1 Lower left of keypad
- KEY_C3 Lower right of keypad
- KEY_BTAB Back tab key
- KEY_BEG Beg(inning) key
- KEY_CANCEL Cancel key
-
- KEY_CLOSE Close key
- KEY_COMMAND Cmd (command) key
- KEY_COPY Copy key
- KEY_CREATE Create key
- KEY_END End key
- KEY_EXIT Exit key
- KEY_FIND Find key
- KEY_HELP Help key
- KEY_MARK Mark key
- KEY_MESSAGE Message key
- KEY_MOUSE Mouse event read
- KEY_MOVE Move key
- KEY_NEXT Next object key
- KEY_OPEN Open key
- KEY_OPTIONS Options key
- KEY_PREVIOUS Previous object key
- KEY_REDO Redo key
- KEY_REFERENCE Ref(erence) key
- KEY_REFRESH Refresh key
- KEY_REPLACE Replace key
- KEY_RESIZE Screen resized
- KEY_RESTART Restart key
- KEY_RESUME Resume key
- KEY_SAVE Save key
- KEY_SBEG Shifted beginning key
- KEY_SCANCEL Shifted cancel key
- KEY_SCOMMAND Shifted command key
- KEY_SCOPY Shifted copy key
- KEY_SCREATE Shifted create key
- KEY_SDC Shifted delete char key
- KEY_SDL Shifted delete line key
- KEY_SELECT Select key
- KEY_SEND Shifted end key
- KEY_SEOL Shifted clear line key
- KEY_SEXIT Shifted exit key
- KEY_SFIND Shifted find key
- KEY_SHELP Shifted help key
- KEY_SHOME Shifted home key
- KEY_SIC Shifted input key
- KEY_SLEFT Shifted left arrow key
- KEY_SMESSAGE Shifted message key
- KEY_SMOVE Shifted move key
- KEY_SNEXT Shifted next key
- KEY_SOPTIONS Shifted options key
- KEY_SPREVIOUS Shifted prev key
- KEY_SPRINT Shifted print key
- KEY_SREDO Shifted redo key
- KEY_SREPLACE Shifted replace key
- KEY_SRIGHT Shifted right arrow
- KEY_SRSUME Shifted resume key
- KEY_SSAVE Shifted save key
- KEY_SSUSPEND Shifted suspend key
- KEY_SUNDO Shifted undo key
-
- KEY_SUSPEND Suspend key
- KEY_UNDO Undo key
+ key is received (which, on modern terminals, means an es-
+ cape character), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> sets a timer. If the remainder of
+ the sequence does not come in within the designated time,
+ the character is passed through; otherwise, the function
+ key value is returned. For this reason, many terminals
+ experience a delay between the time a user presses the es-
+ cape key and the escape is returned to the program.
+
+ In <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>, the timer normally expires after the value in
+ <STRONG>ESCDELAY</STRONG> (see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>). If <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>,
+ the timer does not expire; it is an infinite (or very
+ large) value. Because function keys usually begin with an
+ escape character, the terminal may appear to hang in no-
+ timeout mode after pressing the escape key until another
+ key is pressed.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Ungetting-characters">Ungetting characters</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG> routine places <EM>ch</EM> back onto the input queue to
+ be returned by the next call to <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>. There is just one
+ input queue for all windows.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Predefined-key-codes">Predefined key-codes</a></H3><PRE>
+ The following special keys are defined in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Except for the special case <STRONG>KEY_RESIZE</STRONG>, it is neces-
+ sary to enable <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> for <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to return these codes.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Not all of these are necessarily supported on any par-
+ ticular terminal.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The naming convention may seem obscure, with some ap-
+ parent misspellings (such as "RSUME" for "resume").
+ The names correspond to the long terminfo capability
+ names for the keys, and were defined long ago, in the
+ 1980s.
+
+ <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Key</EM> <EM>name</EM>
+ -------------------------------------------------
+ KEY_BREAK Break key
+ KEY_DOWN The four arrow keys ...
+ KEY_UP
+ KEY_LEFT
+ KEY_RIGHT
+ KEY_HOME Home key (upward+left arrow)
+ KEY_BACKSPACE Backspace
+ KEY_F0 Function keys; space for 64 keys
+ is reserved.
+ KEY_F(<EM>n</EM>) For 0 <= <EM>n</EM> <= 63
+ KEY_DL Delete line
+ KEY_IL Insert line
+ KEY_DC Delete character
+ KEY_IC Insert char or enter insert mode
+ KEY_EIC Exit insert char mode
+ KEY_CLEAR Clear screen
+ KEY_EOS Clear to end of screen
+ KEY_EOL Clear to end of line
+ KEY_SF Scroll 1 line forward
+ KEY_SR Scroll 1 line backward (reverse)
+ KEY_NPAGE Next page
+ KEY_PPAGE Previous page
+
+ KEY_STAB Set tab
+ KEY_CTAB Clear tab
+ KEY_CATAB Clear all tabs
+ KEY_ENTER Enter or send
+ KEY_SRESET Soft (partial) reset
+ KEY_RESET Reset or hard reset
+ KEY_PRINT Print or copy
+ KEY_LL Home down or bottom (lower left)
+ KEY_A1 Upper left of keypad
+ KEY_A3 Upper right of keypad
+ KEY_B2 Center of keypad
+ KEY_C1 Lower left of keypad
+ KEY_C3 Lower right of keypad
+ KEY_BTAB Back tab key
+ KEY_BEG Beg(inning) key
+ KEY_CANCEL Cancel key
+ KEY_CLOSE Close key
+ KEY_COMMAND Cmd (command) key
+ KEY_COPY Copy key
+ KEY_CREATE Create key
+ KEY_END End key
+ KEY_EXIT Exit key
+ KEY_FIND Find key
+ KEY_HELP Help key
+ KEY_MARK Mark key
+ KEY_MESSAGE Message key
+ KEY_MOUSE Mouse event read
+ KEY_MOVE Move key
+ KEY_NEXT Next object key
+ KEY_OPEN Open key
+ KEY_OPTIONS Options key
+ KEY_PREVIOUS Previous object key
+ KEY_REDO Redo key
+ KEY_REFERENCE Ref(erence) key
+ KEY_REFRESH Refresh key
+ KEY_REPLACE Replace key
+ KEY_RESIZE Screen resized
+ KEY_RESTART Restart key
+ KEY_RESUME Resume key
+ KEY_SAVE Save key
+ KEY_SBEG Shifted beginning key
+ KEY_SCANCEL Shifted cancel key
+ KEY_SCOMMAND Shifted command key
+ KEY_SCOPY Shifted copy key
+ KEY_SCREATE Shifted create key
+ KEY_SDC Shifted delete char key
+ KEY_SDL Shifted delete line key
+ KEY_SELECT Select key
+ KEY_SEND Shifted end key
+ KEY_SEOL Shifted clear line key
+ KEY_SEXIT Shifted exit key
+ KEY_SFIND Shifted find key
+ KEY_SHELP Shifted help key
+ KEY_SHOME Shifted home key
+ KEY_SIC Shifted input key
+ KEY_SLEFT Shifted left arrow key
+ KEY_SMESSAGE Shifted message key
+ KEY_SMOVE Shifted move key
+ KEY_SNEXT Shifted next key
+ KEY_SOPTIONS Shifted options key
+ KEY_SPREVIOUS Shifted prev key
+ KEY_SPRINT Shifted print key
+ KEY_SREDO Shifted redo key
+ KEY_SREPLACE Shifted replace key
+ KEY_SRIGHT Shifted right arrow
+
+ KEY_SRSUME Shifted resume key
+ KEY_SSAVE Shifted save key
+ KEY_SSUSPEND Shifted suspend key
+ KEY_SUNDO Shifted undo key
+ KEY_SUSPEND Suspend key
+ KEY_UNDO Undo key
Keypad is arranged like this:
+-----+------+-------+
- | <B>A1</B> | <B>up</B> | <B>A3</B> |
+ | <STRONG>A1</STRONG> | <STRONG>up</STRONG> | <STRONG>A3</STRONG> |
+-----+------+-------+
- |<B>left</B> | <B>B2</B> | <B>right</B> |
+ |<STRONG>left</STRONG> | <STRONG>B2</STRONG> | <STRONG>right</STRONG> |
+-----+------+-------+
- | <B>C1</B> | <B>down</B> | <B>C3</B> |
+ | <STRONG>C1</STRONG> | <STRONG>down</STRONG> | <STRONG>C3</STRONG> |
+-----+------+-------+
- The <B>has_key</B> routine takes a key value from the above list,
- and returns TRUE or FALSE according as the current termi-
- nal type recognizes a key with that value.
+ A few of these predefined values do <EM>not</EM> correspond to a
+ real key:
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>KEY_RESIZE</STRONG> is returned when the <STRONG>SIGWINCH</STRONG> signal has
+ been detected (see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+ This code is returned whether or not <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> has been
+ enabled.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>KEY_MOUSE</STRONG> is returned for mouse-events (see
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>). This code relies upon whether or not
+ <STRONG><A HREF="keypad.3x.html">keypad(3x)</A></STRONG> has been enabled, because (e.g., with <EM>xterm</EM>
+ mouse prototocol) ncurses must read escape sequences,
+ just like a function key.
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- All routines return the integer <B>ERR</B> upon failure and an
- integer value other than <B>ERR</B> (<B>OK</B> in the case of ungetch())
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Testing-key-codes">Testing key-codes</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> routine takes a key-code value from the above
+ list, and returns <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> or <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> according to whether the
+ current terminal type recognizes a key with that value.
+
+ The library also supports these extensions:
+
+ <STRONG>define_key</STRONG>
+ defines a key-code for a given string (see <STRONG>de-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">fine_key(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+
+ <STRONG>key_defined</STRONG>
+ checks if there is a key-code defined for a given
+ string (see <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>).
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and an
+ integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> (<STRONG>OK</STRONG> in the case of ungetch())
upon successful completion.
+ <STRONG>ungetch</STRONG>
+ returns ERR if there is no more room in the FIFO.
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>
+ returns ERR if the window pointer is null, or if
+ its timeout expires without having any data.
+
+ Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor move-
+ ment using <STRONG>wmove</STRONG>, and return an error if the position is
+ outside the window, or if the window pointer is null.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
Use of the escape key by a programmer for a single charac-
- ter function is discouraged, as it will cause a delay of
+ ter function is discouraged, as it will cause a delay of
up to one second while the keypad code looks for a follow-
ing function-key sequence.
- When using <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, or <B>mvwgetch</B>, nocbreak
- mode (<B>nocbreak</B>) and echo mode (<B>echo</B>) should not be used at
+ Some keys may be the same as commonly used control keys,
+ e.g., <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> versus control/M, <STRONG>KEY_BACKSPACE</STRONG> versus
+ control/H. Some curses implementations may differ accord-
+ ing to whether they treat these control keys specially
+ (and ignore the terminfo), or use the terminfo defini-
+ tions. <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> uses the terminfo definition. If it says
+ that <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> is control/M, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> will return <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG>
+ when you press control/M.
+
+ Generally, <STRONG>KEY_ENTER</STRONG> denotes the character(s) sent by the
+ <EM>Enter</EM> key on the numeric keypad:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the terminal description lists the most useful keys,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>Enter</EM> key on the regular keyboard is already han-
+ dled by the standard ASCII characters for carriage-re-
+ turn and line-feed,
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> depending on whether <STRONG>nl</STRONG> or <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> was called, pressing
+ "Enter" on the regular keyboard may return either a
+ carriage-return or line-feed, and finally
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> "Enter or send" is the standard description for this
+ key.
+
+ When using <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, or <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG>, nocbreak
+ mode (<STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>) and echo mode (<STRONG>echo</STRONG>) should not be used at
the same time. Depending on the state of the tty driver
- when each character is typed, the program may produce
- undesirable results.
+ when each character is typed, the program may produce un-
+ desirable results.
- Note that <B>getch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, and <B>mvwgetch</B> may be macros.
+ Note that <STRONG>getch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvgetch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>mvwgetch</STRONG> may be macros.
Historically, the set of keypad macros was largely defined
by the extremely function-key-rich keyboard of the AT&T
7300, aka 3B1, aka Safari 4. Modern personal computers
usually have only a small subset of these. IBM PC-style
- consoles typically support little more than <B>KEY_UP</B>,
- <B>KEY_DOWN</B>, <B>KEY_LEFT</B>, <B>KEY_RIGHT</B>, <B>KEY_HOME</B>, <B>KEY_END</B>,
- <B>KEY_NPAGE</B>, <B>KEY_PPAGE</B>, and function keys 1 through 12. The
- Ins key is usually mapped to <B>KEY_IC</B>.
+ consoles typically support little more than <STRONG>KEY_UP</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>KEY_DOWN</STRONG>, <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>, <STRONG>KEY_RIGHT</STRONG>, <STRONG>KEY_HOME</STRONG>, <STRONG>KEY_END</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>KEY_NPAGE</STRONG>, <STRONG>KEY_PPAGE</STRONG>, and function keys 1 through 12. The
+ Ins key is usually mapped to <STRONG>KEY_IC</STRONG>.
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
The *get* functions are described in the XSI Curses stan-
dard, Issue 4. They read single-byte characters only.
- The standard specifies that they return <B>ERR</B> on failure,
+ The standard specifies that they return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on failure,
but specifies no error conditions.
- The echo behavior of these functions on input of <B>KEY_</B> or
+ The echo behavior of these functions on input of <STRONG>KEY_</STRONG> or
backspace characters was not specified in the SVr4 docu-
- mentation. This description is adopted from the XSI
- Curses standard.
+ mentation. This description is adopted from the XSI Curs-
+ es standard.
- The behavior of <B>getch</B> and friends in the presence of han-
+ The behavior of <STRONG>getch</STRONG> and friends in the presence of han-
dled signals is unspecified in the SVr4 and XSI Curses
documentation. Under historical curses implementations,
- it varied depending on whether the operating system's
- implementation of handled signal receipt interrupts a
- <B><A HREF="read.2.html">read(2)</A></B> call in progress or not, and also (in some imple-
+ it varied depending on whether the operating system's im-
+ plementation of handled signal receipt interrupts a
+ <STRONG>read(2)</STRONG> call in progress or not, and also (in some imple-
mentations) depending on whether an input timeout or non-
- blocking mode hsd been set.
-
- Programmers concerned about portability should be prepared
- for either of two cases: (a) signal receipt does not
- interrupt <B>getch</B>; (b) signal receipt interrupts <B>getch</B> and
- causes it to return ERR with <B>errno</B> set to <B>EINTR</B>. Under
- the <B>ncurses</B> implementation, handled signals never inter-
- rupt <B>getch</B>.
-
- The <B>has_key</B> function is unique to <B>ncurses</B>. We recommend
- that any code using it be conditionalized on the
- <B>NCURSES_VERSION</B> feature macro.
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></B>,
- <B><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></B>. <B><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></B>.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ blocking mode has been set.
+ <STRONG>KEY_MOUSE</STRONG> is mentioned in XSI Curses, along with a few re-
+ lated terminfo capabilities, but no higher-level functions
+ use the feature. The implementation in ncurses is an ex-
+ tension.
+ <STRONG>KEY_RESIZE</STRONG> is an extension first implemented for ncurses.
+ NetBSD curses later added this extension.
+ Programmers concerned about portability should be prepared
+ for either of two cases: (a) signal receipt does not in-
+ terrupt <STRONG>getch</STRONG>; (b) signal receipt interrupts <STRONG>getch</STRONG> and
+ causes it to return ERR with <STRONG>errno</STRONG> set to <STRONG>EINTR</STRONG>. Under
+ the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> implementation, handled signals never inter-
+ rupt <STRONG>getch</STRONG>.
+ The <STRONG>has_key</STRONG> function is unique to <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. We recommend
+ that any code using it be conditionalized on the <STRONG>NCURS-</STRONG>
+ <STRONG>ES_VERSION</STRONG> feature macro.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) li-
+ brary are described in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Reading-characters">Reading characters</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Keypad-mode">Keypad mode</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Ungetting-characters">Ungetting characters</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Predefined-key-codes">Predefined key-codes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Testing-key-codes">Testing key-codes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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