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-<H1>curs_termcap 3x</H1>
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+<H1 class="no-header">curs_termcap 3X</H1>
<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
-<STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+<B><A HREF="curs_termcap.3X.html">curs_termcap(3X)</A></B> <B><A HREF="curs_termcap.3X.html">curs_termcap(3X)</A></B>
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG>, <STRONG>BC</STRONG>, <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> - direct <STRONG>curses</STRONG> interface to the terminfo
- capability database
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+ <B>PC</B>, <B>UP</B>, <B>BC</B>, <B>ospeed</B>, <B>tgetent</B>, <B>tgetflag</B>, <B>tgetnum</B>, <B>tgetstr</B>, <B>tgoto</B>, <B>tputs</B> -
+ <B>curses</B> emulation of termcap
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
- <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><term.h></STRONG>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+ <B>#include</B> <B><curses.h></B>
+ <B>#include</B> <B><term.h></B>
- <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>PC;</STRONG>
- <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>UP;</STRONG>
- <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>BC;</STRONG>
- <STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>ospeed;</STRONG>
+ <B>extern</B> <B>char</B> <B>PC;</B>
+ <B>extern</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B> <B>UP;</B>
+ <B>extern</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B> <B>BC;</B>
+ <B>extern</B> <B>short</B> <B>ospeed;</B>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetent(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*bp,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*name);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetflag(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetnum(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgetstr(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id,</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>**area);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgoto(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*cap,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>col,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>row);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*str,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>affcnt,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(int));</STRONG>
+ <B>int</B> <B>tgetent(char</B> <B>*</B><I>bp</I><B>,</B> <B>const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>name</I><B>);</B>
+ <B>int</B> <B>tgetflag(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>id</I><B>);</B>
+ <B>int</B> <B>tgetnum(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>id</I><B>);</B>
+ <B>char</B> <B>*tgetstr(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>id</I><B>,</B> <B>char</B> <B>**</B><I>area</I><B>);</B>
+ <B>char</B> <B>*tgoto(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>cap</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>col</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>row</I><B>);</B>
+ <B>int</B> <B>tputs(const</B> <B>char</B> <B>*</B><I>str</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <I>affcnt</I><B>,</B> <B>int</B> <B>(*</B><I>putc</I><B>)(int));</B>
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- These routines are included as a conversion aid for pro-
- grams that use the <EM>termcap</EM> library. Their parameters are
- the same and the routines are emulated using the <EM>terminfo</EM>
- database. Thus, they can only be used to query the capa-
- bilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has been
- compiled.
-
- The <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> routine loads the entry for <EM>name</EM>. It returns
- 1 on success, 0 if there is no such entry, and -1 if the
- terminfo database could not be found. The emulation ig-
- nores the buffer pointer <EM>bp</EM>.
-
- The <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG> routine gets the boolean entry for <EM>id</EM>, or ze-
- ro if it is not available.
-
- The <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> routine gets the numeric entry for <EM>id</EM>, or -1
- if it is not available.
-
- The <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> routine returns the string entry for <EM>id</EM>, or
- zero if it is not available. Use <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> to output the re-
- turned string. The return value will also be copied to
- the buffer pointed to by <EM>area</EM>, and the <EM>area</EM> value will be
- updated to point past the null ending this value.
-
- Only the first two characters of the <STRONG>id</STRONG> parameter of <STRONG>tget-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>flag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> are compared in lookups.
-
- The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> routine instantiates the parameters into the
- given capability. The output from this routine is to be
- passed to <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>.
-
- The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine is described on the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
- manual page. It can retrieve capabilities by either term-
- cap or terminfo name.
-
- The variables <STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG> and <STRONG>BC</STRONG> are set by <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> to the ter-
- minfo entry's data for <STRONG>pad_char</STRONG>, <STRONG>cursor_up</STRONG> and
- <STRONG>backspace_if_not_bs</STRONG>, respectively. <STRONG>UP</STRONG> is not used by
- ncurses. <STRONG>PC</STRONG> is used in the <STRONG>tdelay_output</STRONG> function. <STRONG>BC</STRONG> is
- used in the <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> emulation. The variable <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG> is set
- by ncurses in a system-specific coding to reflect the ter-
- minal speed.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+ These routines are included as a conversion aid for programs that use
+ the <I>termcap</I> library. Their parameters are the same, but the routines
+ are emulated using the <I>terminfo</I> database. Thus, they can only be used
+ to query the capabilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has
+ been compiled.
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an in-
- teger return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies
- "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful comple-
- tion.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <B>tgetent</B> routine loads the entry for <I>name</I>. It returns:
- Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
+ 1 on success,
+ 0 if there is no such entry (or that it is a generic type, having
+ too little information for curses applications to run), and
-</PRE>
-<H2>BUGS</H2><PRE>
- If you call <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> to fetch <STRONG>ca</STRONG> or any other parameterized
- string, be aware that it will be returned in terminfo no-
- tation, not the older and not-quite-compatible termcap no-
- tation. This will not cause problems if all you do with
- it is call <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> or <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, which both expand terminfo-
- style strings as terminfo. (The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> function, if con-
- figured to support termcap, will check if the string is
- indeed terminfo-style by looking for "%p" parameters or
- "$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap-style parser if the
- string does not appear to be terminfo).
-
- Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in
- string capabilities differ from termcap's, <STRONG>tputs("50");</STRONG>
- will put out a literal "50" rather than busy-waiting for
- 50 milliseconds. Cope with it.
-
- Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
- string. One consequence of this is that termcap applica-
- tions assume me (terminfo <STRONG>sgr0</STRONG>) does not reset the alter-
- nate character set. This implementation checks for, and
- modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to accom-
- modate termcap's limitation in this respect.
+ -1 if the terminfo database could not be found.
+ This differs from the <I>termcap</I> library in two ways:
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
- tions. However, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may
- be removed in future versions.
-
- Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages
- documented the return values of <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> correctly, though
- all three were in fact returned ever since SVr1. In par-
- ticular, an omission in the XSI Curses documentation has
- been misinterpreted to mean that <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or
- <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide
- compatibility with the <EM>termcap</EM> library, that is a defect
- in XCurses, Issue 4, Version 2 rather than in ncurses.
-
- External variables are provided for support of certain
- termcap applications. However, termcap applications' use
- of those variables is poorly documented, e.g., not distin-
- guishing between input and output. In particular, some
- applications are reported to declare and/or modify <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>.
+ <B>o</B> The emulation ignores the buffer pointer <I>bp</I>. The <I>termcap</I> li-
+ brary would store a copy of the terminal description in the area
+ referenced by this pointer. However, ncurses stores its termi-
+ nal descriptions in compiled binary form, which is not the same
+ thing.
+ <B>o</B> There is a difference in return codes. The <I>termcap</I> library does
+ not check if the terminal description is marked with the <I>generic</I>
+ capability, or if the terminal description has cursor-address-
+ ing.
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="putc.3.html">putc(3)</A></STRONG>.
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <B>tgetflag</B> routine gets the boolean entry for <I>id</I>, or zero if it is
+ not available.
+
+ The <B>tgetnum</B> routine gets the numeric entry for <I>id</I>, or -1 if it is not
+ available.
+
+ The <B>tgetstr</B> routine returns the string entry for <I>id</I>, or zero if it is
+ not available. Use <B>tputs</B> to output the returned string. The <I>area</I> pa-
+ rameter is used as follows:
+
+ <B>o</B> It is assumed to be the address of a pointer to a buffer managed
+ by the calling application.
+
+ <B>o</B> However, ncurses checks to ensure that <B>area</B> is not NULL, and al-
+ so that the resulting buffer pointer is not NULL. If either
+ check fails, the <I>area</I> parameter is ignored.
+
+ <B>o</B> If the checks succeed, ncurses also copies the return value to
+ the buffer pointed to by <I>area</I>, and the <I>area</I> value will be updat-
+ ed to point past the null ending this value.
+
+ <B>o</B> The return value itself is an address in the terminal descrip-
+ tion which is loaded into memory.
+
+ Only the first two characters of the <B>id</B> parameter of <B>tgetflag</B>, <B>tgetnum</B>
+ and <B>tgetstr</B> are compared in lookups.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The <B>tgoto</B> routine expands the given capability using the parameters.
+
+ <B>o</B> Because the capability may have padding characters, the output of
+ <B>tgoto</B> should be passed to <B>tputs</B> rather than some other output func-
+ tion such as <B>printf</B>.
+
+ <B>o</B> While <B>tgoto</B> is assumed to be used for the two-parameter cursor po-
+ sitioning capability, termcap applications also use it for single-
+ parameter capabilities.
+
+ Doing this shows a quirk in <B>tgoto</B>: most hardware terminals use cur-
+ sor addressing with <I>row</I> first, but the original developers of the
+ termcap interface chose to put the <I>column</I> parameter first. The
+ <B>tgoto</B> function swaps the order of parameters. It does this also
+ for calls requiring only a single parameter. In that case, the
+ first parameter is merely a placeholder.
+
+ <B>o</B> Normally the ncurses library is compiled with terminfo support. In
+ that case, <B>tgoto</B> uses <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3X.html">tparm(3X)</A></B> (a more capable formatter).
+
+ However, <B>tparm</B> is not a <I>termcap</I> feature, and portable <I>termcap</I> ap-
+ plications should not rely upon its availability.
+
+ The <B>tputs</B> routine is described on the <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3X.html">curs_terminfo(3X)</A></B> manual page.
+ It can retrieve capabilities by either termcap or terminfo name.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></H3><PRE>
+ The variables <B>PC</B>, <B>UP</B> and <B>BC</B> are set by <B>tgetent</B> to the terminfo entry's
+ data for <B>pad_char</B>, <B>cursor_up</B> and <B>backspace_if_not_bs</B>, respectively. <B>UP</B>
+ is not used by ncurses. <B>PC</B> is used in the <B>tdelay_output</B> function. <B>BC</B>
+ is used in the <B>tgoto</B> emulation. The variable <B>ospeed</B> is set by ncurses
+ in a system-specific coding to reflect the terminal speed.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+ Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an integer return
+ <B>ERR</B> upon failure and <B>OK</B> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other
+ than <B>ERR</B>") upon successful completion.
+
+ Routines that return pointers return <B>NULL</B> on error.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
+ If you call <B>tgetstr</B> to fetch <B>ca</B> or any other parameterized string, be
+ aware that it will be returned in terminfo notation, not the older and
+ not-quite-compatible termcap notation. This will not cause problems if
+ all you do with it is call <B>tgoto</B> or <B>tparm</B>, which both expand terminfo-
+ style strings as terminfo. (The <B>tgoto</B> function, if configured to sup-
+ port termcap, will check if the string is indeed terminfo-style by
+ looking for "%p" parameters or "$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap-
+ style parser if the string does not appear to be terminfo).
+
+ Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in string capa-
+ bilities differ from termcap's, users can be surprised:
+
+ <B>o</B> <B>tputs("50")</B> in a terminfo system will put out a literal "50" rather
+ than busy-waiting for 50 milliseconds.
+
+ <B>o</B> However, if ncurses is configured to support termcap, it may also
+ have been configured to support the BSD-style padding.
+
+ In that case, <B>tputs</B> inspects strings passed to it, looking for dig-
+ its at the beginning of the string.
+
+ <B>tputs("50")</B> in a termcap system may wait for 50 milliseconds rather
+ than put out a literal "50"
+
+ Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's <B>sgr</B> string. One
+ consequence of this is that termcap applications assume <B>me</B> (terminfo
+ <B>sgr0</B>) does not reset the alternate character set. This implementation
+ checks for, and modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to ac-
+ commodate termcap's limitation in this respect.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Standards">Standards</a></H3><PRE>
+ These functions are provided for supporting legacy applications, and
+ should not be used in new programs:
+
+ <B>o</B> The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions. Howev-
+ er, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may be removed in future
+ versions.
+
+ <B>o</B> X/Open Curses, Issue 5 (December 2007) marked the termcap interface
+ (along with <B>vwprintw</B> and <B>vwscanw</B>) as withdrawn.
+
+ Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages documented the
+ return values of <B>tgetent</B> correctly, though all three were in fact re-
+ turned ever since SVr1. In particular, an omission in the XSI Curses
+ documentation has been misinterpreted to mean that <B>tgetent</B> returns <B>OK</B>
+ or <B>ERR</B>. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide compati-
+ bility with the <I>termcap</I> library, that is a defect in XCurses, Issue 4,
+ Version 2 rather than in ncurses.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Compatibility-with-BSD-Termcap">Compatibility with BSD Termcap</a></H3><PRE>
+ External variables are provided for support of certain termcap applica-
+ tions. However, termcap applications' use of those variables is poorly
+ documented, e.g., not distinguishing between input and output. In par-
+ ticular, some applications are reported to declare and/or modify <B>os-</B>
+ <B>peed</B>.
+
+ The comment that only the first two characters of the <B>id</B> parameter are
+ used escapes many application developers. The original BSD 4.2 termcap
+ library (and historical relics thereof) did not require a trailing null
+ NUL on the parameter name passed to <B>tgetstr</B>, <B>tgetnum</B> and <B>tgetflag</B>.
+ Some applications assume that the termcap interface does not require
+ the trailing NUL for the parameter name. Taking into account these is-
+ sues:
+
+ <B>o</B> As a special case, <B>tgetflag</B> matched against a single-character
+ identifier provided that was at the end of the terminal descrip-
+ tion. You should not rely upon this behavior in portable programs.
+ This implementation disallows matches against single-character ca-
+ pability names.
+
+ <B>o</B> This implementation disallows matches by the termcap interface
+ against extended capability names which are longer than two charac-
+ ters.
+
+ The BSD termcap function <B>tgetent</B> returns the text of a termcap entry in
+ the buffer passed as an argument. This library (like other terminfo
+ implementations) does not store terminal descriptions as text. It sets
+ the buffer contents to a null-terminated string.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Other-Compatibility">Other Compatibility</a></H3><PRE>
+ This library includes a termcap.h header, for compatibility with other
+ implementations. But the header is rarely used because the other im-
+ plementations are not strictly compatible.
+
+ The original BSD termcap (through 4.3BSD) had no header file which gave
+ function prototypes, because that was a feature of ANSI C. BSD termcap
+ was written several years before C was standardized. However, there
+ were two different termcap.h header files in the BSD sources:
+
+ <B>o</B> One was used internally by the <I>jove</I> editor in 2BSD through 4.4BSD.
+ It defined global symbols for the termcap variables which it used.
+
+ <B>o</B> The other appeared in 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 (mid-1993) as part of
+ <I>libedit</I> (also known as the <I>editline</I> library). The CSRG source his-
+ tory shows that this was added in mid-1992. The <I>libedit</I> header
+ file was used internally, as a convenience for compiling the <I>edit-</I>
+ <I>line</I> library. It declared function prototypes, but no global vari-
+ ables.
+
+ The header file from <I>libedit</I> was added to NetBSD's termcap library in
+ mid-1994.
+
+ Meanwhile, GNU termcap was under development, starting in 1990. The
+ first release (termcap 1.0) in 1991 included a termcap.h header. The
+ second release (termcap 1.1) in September 1992 modified the header to
+ use <B>const</B> for the function prototypes in the header where one would ex-
+ pect the parameters to be read-only. This was a difference versus the
+ original BSD termcap. The prototype for <B>tputs</B> also differed, but in
+ that instance, it was <I>libedit</I> which differed from BSD termcap.
+
+ A copy of GNU termcap 1.3 was bundled with <I>bash</I> in mid-1993, to support
+ the <I>readline</I> library.
+
+ A termcap.h file was provided in ncurses 1.8.1 (November 1993). That
+ reflected influence by <I>emacs</I> (rather than <I>jove</I>) and GNU termcap:
+
+ <B>o</B> it provided declarations for a few global symbols used by <I>emacs</I>
+
+ <B>o</B> it provided function prototypes (using <B>const</B>).
+
+ <B>o</B> a prototype for <B>tparam</B> (a GNU termcap feature) was provided.
+
+ Later (in mid-1996) the <B>tparam</B> function was removed from ncurses. As a
+ result, there are differences between any of the four implementations,
+ which must be taken into account by programs which can work with all
+ termcap library interfaces.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+ <B><A HREF="curses.3X.html">curses(3X)</A></B>, <B>putc(3)</B>, <B><A HREF="term_variables.3X.html">term_variables(3X)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B>.
+
+ https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ <B><A HREF="curs_termcap.3X.html">curs_termcap(3X)</A></B>
</PRE>
-<HR>
-<ADDRESS>
-Man(1) output converted with
-<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
-</ADDRESS>
+<div class="nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Standards">Standards</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Compatibility-with-BSD-Termcap">Compatibility with BSD Termcap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Other-Compatibility">Other Compatibility</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff