-<!--
+<!--
****************************************************************************
- * Copyright 2018,2020 Thomas E. Dickey *
+ * Copyright 2018-2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey *
* Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
* *
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
* sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
* authorization. *
****************************************************************************
- * @Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.65 2020/09/29 20:07:42 Rueben.Thomas Exp @
+ * @Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.76 2021/09/04 19:58:03 tom Exp @
+ * ***************************************************************************
+ * ***************************************************************************
* ***************************************************************************
* ***************************************************************************
* ***************************************************************************
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, <STRONG>putp</STRONG>, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>setterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, <STRONG>putp</STRONG>, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG>,
<STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> interfaces to terminfo database
<STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>strfnames[];</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>filedes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
- <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*set_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>nterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>del_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>oterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>restartterm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>filedes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
ities, such as programming function keys. For all other functionality,
<STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines are more suitable and their use is recommended.
+ None of these functions use (or are aware of) multibyte character
+ strings such as UTF-8:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> capability names use the POSIX portable character set
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> capability string values have no associated encoding; they are
+ strings of 8-bit characters.
+
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
Initially, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> should be called. The high-level curses functions
which uses all the defaults and sends the output to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine was replaced by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>. The call:
-
- <STRONG>setupterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0)</STRONG>
-
- provides the same functionality as <STRONG>setterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG>. The <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine
- is provided for BSD compatibility, and is not recommended for new pro-
- grams.
-
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-The-Terminal-State">The Terminal State</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine stores its information about the terminal in a
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Aside from the <STRONG>set_attributes</STRONG> (<STRONG>sgr</STRONG>) capability, most terminal capa-
bilities require no more than one or two parameters.
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> Padding information is ignored by <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>; it is interpreted by
+ <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The capability string is null-terminated. Use "\200" where an
+ ASCII NUL is needed in the output.
+
<STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> is a newer form of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> which uses <EM><stdarg.h></EM> rather than a
fixed-parameter list. Its numeric parameters are integers (int) rather
than longs.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Output-Functions">Output Functions</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine applies padding information to the string <EM>str</EM> and
- outputs it:
+ The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine applies padding information (i.e., by interpreting
+ marker embedded in the terminfo capability such as "$<5>" as 5 mil-
+ liseconds) to the string <EM>str</EM> and outputs it:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>str</EM> parameter must be a terminfo string variable or the return
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>str</EM> parameter must be a terminfo string variable or the return
value from <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>, or <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> functions are part of the <EM>termcap</EM> interface,
- which happens to share this function name with the <EM>terminfo</EM> inter-
+ The <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> functions are part of the <EM>termcap</EM> interface,
+ which happens to share this function name with the <EM>terminfo</EM> inter-
face.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>affcnt</EM> is the number of lines affected, or 1 if not applicable.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>putc</EM> is a <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine to which the characters are passed,
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>putc</EM> is a <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine to which the characters are passed,
one at a time.
- The <STRONG>putp</STRONG> routine calls <STRONG>tputs(</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)</STRONG>. The output of <STRONG>putp</STRONG> al-
+ The <STRONG>putp</STRONG> routine calls <STRONG>tputs(</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)</STRONG>. The output of <STRONG>putp</STRONG> al-
ways goes to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>, rather than the <EM>filedes</EM> specified in <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine displays the string on the terminal in the video
+ The <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine displays the string on the terminal in the video
attribute mode <EM>attrs</EM>, which is any combination of the attributes listed
- in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>. The characters are passed to the <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine
+ in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>. The characters are passed to the <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine
<EM>putc</EM>.
The <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> routine is like the <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine, except that it outputs
through <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>.
- The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines correspond to vidattr and vidputs,
- respectively. They use a set of arguments for representing the video
+ The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines correspond to vidattr and vidputs,
+ respectively. They use a set of arguments for representing the video
attributes plus color, i.e.,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM> of type <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> for the attributes and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM> of type <STRONG>short</STRONG> for the color-pair number.
- The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines are designed to use the attribute
+ The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines are designed to use the attribute
constants with the <EM>WA</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> prefix.
- X/Open Curses reserves the <EM>opts</EM> argument for future use, saying that
- applications must provide a null pointer for that argument. As an ex-
- tension, this implementation allows <EM>opts</EM> to be used as a pointer to
+ X/Open Curses reserves the <EM>opts</EM> argument for future use, saying that
+ applications must provide a null pointer for that argument. As an ex-
+ tension, this implementation allows <EM>opts</EM> to be used as a pointer to
<STRONG>int</STRONG>, which overrides the <EM>pair</EM> (<STRONG>short</STRONG>) argument.
- The <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It takes effect
+ The <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It takes effect
immediately (rather than at the next refresh).
+ While <STRONG>putp</STRONG> and <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> are low-level functions which do not use the high-
+ level curses state, they are declared in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> because SystemV did
+ this (see <STRONG>HISTORY</STRONG>).
+
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Capability-Functions">Terminal Capability Functions</a></H3><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routines return the value of the
- capability corresponding to the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> passed to them, such
- as <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>. The <EM>capname</EM> for each capability is given in the table column
+ The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routines return the value of the
+ capability corresponding to the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> passed to them, such
+ as <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>. The <EM>capname</EM> for each capability is given in the table column
entitled <EM>capname</EM> code in the capabilities section of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
These routines return special values to denote errors.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
- Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4
- only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful com-
+ Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4
+ only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful com-
pletion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
Routines that return pointers always return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
ditions are documented above.
<STRONG>tputs</STRONG>
- returns an error if the string parameter is null. It does not
- detect I/O errors: X/Open states that <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> ignores the return
+ returns an error if the string parameter is null. It does not
+ detect I/O errors: X/Open states that <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> ignores the return
value of the output function <EM>putc</EM>.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Compatibility-macros">Compatibility macros</a></H3><PRE>
+ This implementation provides a few macros for compatibility with sys-
+ tems before SVr4 (see <STRONG>HISTORY</STRONG>). Those include <STRONG>crmode</STRONG>, <STRONG>fixterm</STRONG>,
+ <STRONG>gettmode</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocrmode</STRONG>, <STRONG>resetterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>saveterm</STRONG>, and <STRONG>setterm</STRONG>.
+
+ In SVr4, those are found in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>, but except for <STRONG>setterm</STRONG>, are
+ likewise macros. The one function, <STRONG>setterm</STRONG>, is mentioned in the manual
+ page. The manual page notes that the <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine was replaced by
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, stating that the call:
+
+ <STRONG>setupterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0)</STRONG>
+
+ provides the same functionality as <STRONG>setterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG>, and is not recommend-
+ ed for new programs. This implementation provides each of those sym-
+ bols as macros for BSD compatibility,
+
+
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
SVr2 introduced the terminfo feature. Its programming manual mentioned
these low-level functions:
ters supported by <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>).
SVr3 introduced the functions for switching between terminal descrip-
- tions, e.g., <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>. The various global variables such as <STRONG>bool-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>names</STRONG> were mentioned in the programming manual at this point.
+ tions, e.g., <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>. Some of that was incremental improvements to
+ the SVr2 library:
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> type definition was introduced in SVr3.01, for the
+ <STRONG>term</STRONG> structure provided in SVr2.
+
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> The various global variables such as <STRONG>boolnames</STRONG> were mentioned in
+ the programming manual at this point, though the variables were
+ provided in SVr2.
SVr4 added the <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> functions.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-functions">Legacy functions</a></H3><PRE>
X/Open notes that <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> may be macros.
- The function <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must be considered
+ The function <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must be considered
non-portable. All other functions are as described by X/Open.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-data">Legacy data</a></H3><PRE>
- <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array <STRONG>ttytype</STRONG>. This is not
+ <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array <STRONG>ttytype</STRONG>. This is not
part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some applications.
- Other implementions may not declare the capability name arrays. Some
+ Other implementions may not declare the capability name arrays. Some
provide them without declaring them. X/Open does not specify them.
Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>, are not
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Output-buffering">Output buffering</a></H3><PRE>
- Older versions of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> assumed that the file descriptor passed to
+ Older versions of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> assumed that the file descriptor passed to
<STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> from <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> uses buffered I/O, and would write to
- the corresponding stream. In addition to the limitation that the ter-
- minal was left in block-buffered mode on exit (like System V curses),
- it was problematic because <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> did not allow a reliable way to
+ the corresponding stream. In addition to the limitation that the ter-
+ minal was left in block-buffered mode on exit (like System V curses),
+ it was problematic because <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> did not allow a reliable way to
cleanup on receiving SIGTSTP.
- The current version (ncurses6) uses output buffers managed directly by
+ The current version (ncurses6) uses output buffers managed directly by
<STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. Some of the low-level functions described in this manual page
write to the standard output. They are not signal-safe. The high-lev-
el functions in <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> use alternate versions of these functions using
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Function-prototypes">Function prototypes</a></H3><PRE>
The X/Open Curses prototypes are based on the SVr4 curses header decla-
- rations, which were defined at the same time the C language was first
+ rations, which were defined at the same time the C language was first
standardized in the late 1980s.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses uses <STRONG>const</STRONG> less effectively than a later design
- might, in some cases applying it needlessly to values are already
- constant, and in most cases overlooking parameters which normally
- would use <STRONG>const</STRONG>. Using constant parameters for functions which do
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses uses <STRONG>const</STRONG> less effectively than a later design
+ might, in some cases applying it needlessly to values are already
+ constant, and in most cases overlooking parameters which normally
+ would use <STRONG>const</STRONG>. Using constant parameters for functions which do
not use <STRONG>const</STRONG> may prevent the program from compiling. On the other
hand, <EM>writable</EM> <EM>strings</EM> are an obsolescent feature.
- As an extension, this implementation can be configured to change
- the function prototypes to use the <STRONG>const</STRONG> keyword. The ncurses ABI
+ As an extension, this implementation can be configured to change
+ the function prototypes to use the <STRONG>const</STRONG> keyword. The ncurses ABI
6 enables this feature by default.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses prototypes <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> with a fixed number of parameters,
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses prototypes <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> with a fixed number of parameters,
rather than a variable argument list.
- This implementation uses a variable argument list, but can be con-
- figured to use the fixed-parameter list. Portable applications
- should provide 9 parameters after the format; zeroes are fine for
+ This implementation uses a variable argument list, but can be con-
+ figured to use the fixed-parameter list. Portable applications
+ should provide 9 parameters after the format; zeroes are fine for
this purpose.
- In response to review comments by Thomas E. Dickey, X/Open Curses
+ In response to review comments by Thomas E. Dickey, X/Open Curses
Issue 7 proposed the <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> function in mid-2009.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Special-TERM-treatment">Special TERM treatment</a></H3><PRE>
If configured to use the terminal-driver, e.g., for the MinGW port,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> interprets a missing/empty TERM variable as the special
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> interprets a missing/empty TERM variable as the special
value "unknown".
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allows explicit use of the the windows console driver by
- checking if $TERM is set to "#win32con" or an abbreviation of that
+ <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allows explicit use of the the windows console driver by
+ checking if $TERM is set to "#win32con" or an abbreviation of that
string.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Other-portability-issues">Other portability issues</a></H3><PRE>
- In System V Release 4, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> has an <STRONG>int</STRONG> return type and returns
+ In System V Release 4, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> has an <STRONG>int</STRONG> return type and returns
<STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. We have chosen to implement the X/Open Curses semantics.
- In System V Release 4, the third argument of <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> has the type <STRONG>int</STRONG>
+ In System V Release 4, the third argument of <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> has the type <STRONG>int</STRONG>
<STRONG>(*putc)(char)</STRONG>.
- At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) returns a value
- other than <STRONG>OK</STRONG>/<STRONG>ERR</STRONG> from <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>. That returns the length of the string,
+ At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) returns a value
+ other than <STRONG>OK</STRONG>/<STRONG>ERR</STRONG> from <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>. That returns the length of the string,
and does no error-checking.
- X/Open notes that after calling <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, the curses state may not match
+ X/Open notes that after calling <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, the curses state may not match
the actual terminal state, and that an application should touch and re-
fresh the window before resuming normal curses calls. Both <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> and
- System V Release 4 curses implement <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> using the SCREEN data allo-
- cated in either <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>. So though it is documented as a
- terminfo function, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> is really a curses function which is not well
+ System V Release 4 curses implement <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> using the SCREEN data allo-
+ cated in either <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>. So though it is documented as a
+ terminfo function, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> is really a curses function which is not well
specified.
- X/Open states that the old location must be given for <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>. This im-
- plementation allows the caller to use -1's for the old ordinates. In
+ X/Open states that the old location must be given for <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>. This im-
+ plementation allows the caller to use -1's for the old ordinates. In
that case, the old location is unknown.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+ <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Capability-Names">Terminal Capability Names</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
-<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Compatibility-macros">Compatibility macros</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
<ul>
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff