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- * Copyright (c) 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+ * Copyright 2018-2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey *
+ * Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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- * @Id: tput.1,v 1.52 2017/01/21 17:38:30 tom Exp @
+ * @Id: tput.1,v 1.67 2021/06/17 21:11:08 tom Exp @
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-<H1 class="no-header">tput 1</H1>
+<H1 class="no-header">@TPUT@ 1</H1>
<PRE>
-<STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
+<B><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></B> General Commands Manual <B><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></B>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> - initialize a terminal or query terminfo
- database
+ <B>tput</B>, <B>reset</B> - initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <EM>capname</EM> [<EM>parameters</EM>]
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>init</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<</STRONG>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-V</STRONG>
+ <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <I>capname</I> [<I>parameters</I>]
+ <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] [<B>-x</B>] <B>clear</B>
+ <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>init</B>
+ <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>reset</B>
+ <B>tput</B> [<B>-T</B><I>type</I>] <B>longname</B>
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-S</B> <B><<</B>
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-V</B>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility uses the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to make the
- values of terminal-dependent capabilities and information
- available to the shell (see <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>), to initialize or reset
- the terminal, or return the long name of the requested
- terminal type. The result depends upon the capability's
- type:
+ The <B>tput</B> utility uses the <B>terminfo</B> database to make the values of
+ terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell
+ (see <B>sh(1)</B>), to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long
+ name of the requested terminal type. The result depends upon the
+ capability's type:
string
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the string to the standard output. No
- trailing newline is supplied.
+ <B>tput</B> writes the string to the standard output. No trailing
+ newline is supplied.
integer
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the decimal value to the standard out-
- put, with a trailing newline.
+ <B>tput</B> writes the decimal value to the standard output, with a
+ trailing newline.
boolean
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> simply sets the exit code (<STRONG>0</STRONG> for TRUE if the
- terminal has the capability, <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE if it
- does not), and writes nothing to the standard out-
- put.
+ <B>tput</B> simply sets the exit code (<B>0</B> for TRUE if the terminal has
+ the capability, <B>1</B> for FALSE if it does not), and writes nothing
+ to the standard output.
- Before using a value returned on the standard output, the
- application should test the exit code (e.g., <STRONG>$?</STRONG>, see
- <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>) to be sure it is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. (See the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> and <STRONG>DIAG-</STRONG>
- <STRONG>NOSTICS</STRONG> sections.) For a complete list of capabilities
- and the <EM>capname</EM> associated with each, see <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
+ Before using a value returned on the standard output, the application
+ should test the exit code (e.g., <B>$?</B>, see <B>sh(1)</B>) to be sure it is <B>0</B>.
+ (See the <B>EXIT</B> <B>CODES</B> and <B>DIAGNOSTICS</B> sections.) For a complete list of
+ capabilities and the <I>capname</I> associated with each, see <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Options">Options</a></H3><PRE>
- <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> indicates the <EM>type</EM> of terminal. Normally this
- option is unnecessary, because the default is taken
- from the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. If <STRONG>-T</STRONG> is spec-
- ified, then the shell variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
- will also be ignored.
+ <B>-S</B> allows more than one capability per invocation of <B>tput</B>. The
+ capabilities must be passed to <B>tput</B> from the standard input
+ instead of from the command line (see example). Only one
+ <I>capname</I> is allowed per line. The <B>-S</B> option changes the meaning
+ of the <B>0</B> and <B>1</B> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT CODES
+ section).
- <STRONG>-S</STRONG> allows more than one capability per invocation of
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. The capabilities must be passed to <STRONG>tput</STRONG> from
- the standard input instead of from the command line
- (see example). Only one <EM>capname</EM> is allowed per
- line. The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option changes the meaning of the <STRONG>0</STRONG>
- and <STRONG>1</STRONG> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT
- CODES section).
+ Because some capabilities may use <I>string</I> parameters rather than
+ <I>numbers</I>, <B>tput</B> uses a table and the presence of parameters in its
+ input to decide whether to use <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3X.html">tparm(3X)</A></B>, and how to interpret
+ the parameters.
- Again, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a table and the presence of param-
- eters in its input to decide whether to use
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG>, and how to interpret the parameters.
+ <B>-T</B><I>type</I> indicates the <I>type</I> of terminal. Normally this option is
+ unnecessary, because the default is taken from the environment
+ variable <B>TERM</B>. If <B>-T</B> is specified, then the shell variables
+ <B>LINES</B> and <B>COLUMNS</B> will also be ignored.
- <STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of ncurses which was used in
- this program, and exits.
+ <B>-V</B> reports the version of ncurses which was used in this program,
+ and exits.
+
+ <B>-x</B> do not attempt to clear the terminal's scrollback buffer using
+ the extended "E3" capability.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Commands">Commands</a></H3><PRE>
- <EM>capname</EM>
- indicates the capability from the terminal data-
- base.
+ A few commands (<B>init</B>, <B>reset</B> and <B>longname</B>) are special; they are defined
+ by the <B>tput</B> program. The others are the names of <I>capabilities</I> from the
+ terminal database (see <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B> for a list). Although <B>init</B> and
+ <B>reset</B> resemble capability names, <B>tput</B> uses several capabilities to
+ perform these special functions.
+
+ <I>capname</I>
+ indicates the capability from the terminal database.
- If the capability is a string that takes parame-
- ters, the arguments following the capability will
- be used as parameters for the string.
+ If the capability is a string that takes parameters, the
+ arguments following the capability will be used as parameters
+ for the string.
- Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminal
- capabilities require string parameters; <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a
- table to decide which to pass as strings. Normally
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> to perform the substitution.
- If no parameters are given for the capability, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
- writes the string without performing the substitu-
- tion.
+ Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminal capabilities
+ require string parameters; <B>tput</B> uses a table to decide which to
+ pass as strings. Normally <B>tput</B> uses <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3X.html">tparm(3X)</A></B> to perform the
+ substitution. If no parameters are given for the capability,
+ <B>tput</B> writes the string without performing the substitution.
- <STRONG>init</STRONG> If the terminal database is present and an entry
- for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>, above),
- the following will occur:
+ <B>init</B> If the terminal database is present and an entry for the user's
+ terminal exists (see <B>-T</B><I>type</I>, above), the following will occur:
- (1) first, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> retrieves the current terminal
- mode settings for your terminal. It does this
- by successively testing
+ (1) first, <B>tput</B> retrieves the current terminal mode settings
+ for your terminal. It does this by successively testing
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> the standard error,
+ <B>o</B> the standard error,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> standard output,
+ <B>o</B> standard output,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> standard input and
+ <B>o</B> standard input and
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> ultimately "/dev/tty"
+ <B>o</B> ultimately "/dev/tty"
- to obtain terminal settings. Having retrieved
- these settings, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> remembers which file
- descriptor to use when updating settings.
+ to obtain terminal settings. Having retrieved these
+ settings, <B>tput</B> remembers which file descriptor to use when
+ updating settings.
- (2) if the window size cannot be obtained from the
- operating system, but the terminal description
- (or environment, e.g., <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> vari-
- ables specify this), update the operating sys-
- tem's notion of the window size.
+ (2) if the window size cannot be obtained from the operating
+ system, but the terminal description (or environment, e.g.,
+ <B>LINES</B> and <B>COLUMNS</B> variables specify this), update the
+ operating system's notion of the window size.
(3) the terminal modes will be updated:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> any delays (e.g., newline) specified in
- the entry will be set in the tty driver,
+ <B>o</B> any delays (e.g., newline) specified in the entry will
+ be set in the tty driver,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> tabs expansion will be turned on or off
- according to the specification in the
- entry, and
+ <B>o</B> tabs expansion will be turned on or off according to
+ the specification in the entry, and
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> if tabs are not expanded, standard tabs
- will be set (every 8 spaces).
+ <B>o</B> if tabs are not expanded, standard tabs will be set
+ (every 8 spaces).
- (4) if present, the terminal's initialization
- strings will be output as detailed in the <STRONG>ter-</STRONG>
- <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">minfo(5)</A></STRONG> section on <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>,
+ (4) if present, the terminal's initialization strings will be
+ output as detailed in the <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B> section on <I>Tabs</I> <I>and</I>
+ <I>Initialization</I>,
(5) output is flushed.
- If an entry does not contain the information needed
- for any of these activities, that activity will
- silently be skipped.
+ If an entry does not contain the information needed for any of
+ these activities, that activity will silently be skipped.
- <STRONG>reset</STRONG> This is similar to <STRONG>init</STRONG>, with two differences:
+ <B>reset</B> This is similar to <B>init</B>, with two differences:
- (1) before any other initialization, the terminal
- modes will be reset to a "sane" state:
+ (1) before any other initialization, the terminal modes will be
+ reset to a "sane" state:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> set cooked and echo modes,
+ <B>o</B> set cooked and echo modes,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> turn off cbreak and raw modes,
+ <B>o</B> turn off cbreak and raw modes,
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> turn on newline translation and
+ <B>o</B> turn on newline translation and
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> reset any unset special characters to
- their default values
+ <B>o</B> reset any unset special characters to their default
+ values
- (2) Instead of putting out <EM>initialization</EM> strings,
- the terminal's <EM>reset</EM> strings will be output if
- present (<STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG>). If the <EM>reset</EM>
- strings are not present, but <EM>initialization</EM>
- strings are, the <EM>initialization</EM> strings will
+ (2) Instead of putting out <I>initialization</I> strings, the
+ terminal's <I>reset</I> strings will be output if present (<B>rs1</B>,
+ <B>rs2</B>, <B>rs3</B>, <B>rf</B>). If the <I>reset</I> strings are not present, but
+ <I>initialization</I> strings are, the <I>initialization</I> strings will
be output.
- Otherwise, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> acts identically to <STRONG>init</STRONG>.
+ Otherwise, <B>reset</B> acts identically to <B>init</B>.
- <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
- If the terminal database is present and an entry
- for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> above),
- then the long name of the terminal will be put out.
- The long name is the last name in the first line of
- the terminal's description in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
- [see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>].
+ <B>longname</B>
+ If the terminal database is present and an entry for the user's
+ terminal exists (see <B>-T</B><I>type</I> above), then the long name of the
+ terminal will be put out. The long name is the last name in the
+ first line of the terminal's description in the <B>terminfo</B>
+ database [see <B><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></B>].
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></H3><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> handles the <STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands specially:
- it allows for the possibility that it is invoked by a link
- with those names.
+ <B>tput</B> handles the <B>clear</B>, <B>init</B> and <B>reset</B> commands specially: it allows
+ for the possibility that it is invoked by a link with those names.
+
+ If <B>tput</B> is invoked by a link named <B>reset</B>, this has the same effect as
+ <B>tput</B> <B>reset</B>. The <B><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></B> utility also treats a link named <B>reset</B>
+ specially.
+
+ Before ncurses 6.1, the two utilities were different from each other:
+
+ <B>o</B> <B>tset</B> utility reset the terminal modes and special characters (not
+ done with <B>tput</B>).
+
+ <B>o</B> On the other hand, <B>tset</B>'s repertoire of terminal capabilities for
+ resetting the terminal was more limited, i.e., only <B>reset_1string</B>,
+ <B>reset_2string</B> and <B>reset_file</B> in contrast to the tab-stops and
+ margins which are set by this utility.
- If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, this has the
- same effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG> utility also
- treats a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG> specially.
+ <B>o</B> The <B>reset</B> program is usually an alias for <B>tset</B>, because of this
+ difference with resetting terminal modes and special characters.
- Before ncurses 6.1, the two utilities were different from
- each other:
+ With the changes made for ncurses 6.1, the <I>reset</I> feature of the two
+ programs is (mostly) the same. A few differences remain:
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility reset the terminal modes and special
- characters (not done with <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
+ <B>o</B> The <B>tset</B> program waits one second when resetting, in case it
+ happens to be a hardware terminal.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> On the other hand, <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s repertoire of terminal capa-
- bilities for resetting the terminal was more limited,
- i.e., only <STRONG>reset_1string</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG>
- in contrast to the tab-stops and margins which are set
- by this utility.
+ <B>o</B> The two programs write the terminal initialization strings to
+ different streams (i.e., the standard error for <B>tset</B> and the
+ standard output for <B>tput</B>).
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program is usually an alias for <STRONG>tset</STRONG>,
- because of this difference with resetting terminal
- modes and special characters.
+ <B>Note:</B> although these programs write to different streams,
+ redirecting their output to a file will capture only part of their
+ actions. The changes to the terminal modes are not affected by
+ redirecting the output.
- With the changes made for ncurses 6.1, the <EM>reset</EM> feature
- of the two programs is (mostly) the same. A few differ-
- ences remain:
+ If <B>tput</B> is invoked by a link named <B>init</B>, this has the same effect as
+ <B>tput</B> <B>init</B>. Again, you are less likely to use that link because another
+ program named <B>init</B> has a more well-established use.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>tset</STRONG> program waits one second when resetting, in
- case it happens to be a hardware terminal.
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The two programs write the terminal initialization
- strings to different streams (i.e.,. the standard
- error for <STRONG>tset</STRONG> and the standard output for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Terminal-Size">Terminal Size</a></H3><PRE>
+ Besides the special commands (e.g., <B>clear</B>), tput treats certain
+ terminfo capabilities specially: <B>lines</B> and <B>cols</B>. tput calls
+ <B><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3X.html">setupterm(3X)</A></B> to obtain the terminal size:
- <STRONG>Note:</STRONG> although these programs write to different
- streams, redirecting their output to a file will cap-
- ture only part of their actions. The changes to the
- terminal modes are not affected by redirecting the
- output.
+ <B>o</B> first, it gets the size from the terminal database (which generally
+ is not provided for terminal emulators which do not have a fixed
+ window size)
- If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>init</STRONG>, this has the same
- effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>. Again, you are less likely to use
- that link because another program named <STRONG>init</STRONG> has a more
- well-established use.
+ <B>o</B> then it asks the operating system for the terminal's size (which
+ generally works, unless connecting via a serial line which does not
+ support <I>NAWS</I>: negotiations about window size).
+
+ <B>o</B> finally, it inspects the environment variables <B>LINES</B> and <B>COLUMNS</B>
+ which may override the terminal size.
+
+ If the <B>-T</B> option is given tput ignores the environment variables by
+ calling <B>use_tioctl(TRUE)</B>, relying upon the operating system (or
+ finally, the terminal database).
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>
- Initialize the terminal according to the type of ter-
- minal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. This com-
- mand should be included in everyone's .profile after
- the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> has been exported, as
- illustrated on the <STRONG>profile(5)</STRONG> manual page.
-
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T5620</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
- Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of
- terminal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
-
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG>
- Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <STRONG>0</STRONG>, column
- <STRONG>0</STRONG> (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known
- as the "home" cursor position).
-
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
- Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current termi-
- nal.
-
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
+ <B>tput</B> <B>init</B>
+ Initialize the terminal according to the type of terminal in the
+ environmental variable <B>TERM</B>. This command should be included in
+ everyone's .profile after the environmental variable <B>TERM</B> has been
+ exported, as illustrated on the <B>profile(5)</B> manual page.
+
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-T5620</B> <B>reset</B>
+ Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of terminal in
+ the environmental variable <B>TERM</B>.
+
+ <B>tput</B> <B>cup</B> <B>0</B> <B>0</B>
+ Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <B>0</B>, column <B>0</B> (the upper
+ left corner of the screen, usually known as the "home" cursor
+ position).
+
+ <B>tput</B> <B>clear</B>
+ Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current terminal.
+
+ <B>tput</B> <B>cols</B>
Print the number of columns for the current terminal.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-T450</B> <B>cols</B>
Print the number of columns for the 450 terminal.
- <STRONG>bold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>smso`</STRONG> <STRONG>offbold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>rmso`</STRONG>
- Set the shell variables <STRONG>bold</STRONG>, to begin stand-out mode
- sequence, and <STRONG>offbold</STRONG>, to end standout mode sequence,
- for the current terminal. This might be followed by
- a prompt: <STRONG>echo</STRONG> <STRONG>"${bold}Please</STRONG> <STRONG>type</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>your</STRONG> <STRONG>name:</STRONG>
- <STRONG>${offbold}\c"</STRONG>
+ <B>bold=`tput</B> <B>smso`</B> <B>offbold=`tput</B> <B>rmso`</B>
+ Set the shell variables <B>bold</B>, to begin stand-out mode sequence,
+ and <B>offbold</B>, to end standout mode sequence, for the current
+ terminal. This might be followed by a prompt: <B>echo</B> <B>"${bold}Please</B>
+ <B>type</B> <B>in</B> <B>your</B> <B>name:</B> <B>${offbold}\c"</B>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG>
- Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is
- a hard copy terminal.
+ <B>tput</B> <B>hc</B>
+ Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is a hard copy
+ terminal.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>23</STRONG> <STRONG>4</STRONG>
- Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, col-
- umn 4.
+ <B>tput</B> <B>cup</B> <B>23</B> <B>4</B>
+ Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, column 4.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG>
- Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no
- parameters substituted.
+ <B>tput</B> <B>cup</B>
+ Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no parameters
+ substituted.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
- Print the long name from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database for
- the type of terminal specified in the environmental
- variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
+ <B>tput</B> <B>longname</B>
+ Print the long name from the <B>terminfo</B> database for the type of
+ terminal specified in the environmental variable <B>TERM</B>.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<!</STRONG>
- <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
- <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG>
- <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>bold</STRONG>
- <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>!</STRONG>
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-S</B> <B><<!</B>
+ <B>></B> <B>clear</B>
+ <B>></B> <B>cup</B> <B>10</B> <B>10</B>
+ <B>></B> <B>bold</B>
+ <B>></B> <B>!</B>
- This example shows <STRONG>tput</STRONG> processing several capabili-
- ties in one invocation. It clears the screen, moves
- the cursor to position 10, 10 and turns on bold
- (extra bright) mode. The list is terminated by an
- exclamation mark (<STRONG>!</STRONG>) on a line by itself.
+ This example shows <B>tput</B> processing several capabilities in one
+ invocation. It clears the screen, moves the cursor to position
+ 10, 10 and turns on bold (extra bright) mode. The list is
+ terminated by an exclamation mark (<B>!</B>) on a line by itself.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG>
+ <B>/usr/share/terminfo</B>
compiled terminal description database
- <STRONG>/usr/share/tabset/*</STRONG>
- tab settings for some terminals, in a format appro-
- priate to be output to the terminal (escape
- sequences that set margins and tabs); for more
- information, see the <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>, sec-
- tion of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
+ <B>/usr/share/tabset/*</B>
+ tab settings for some terminals, in a format appropriate to be
+ output to the terminal (escape sequences that set margins and
+ tabs); for more information, see the <I>Tabs</I> <I>and</I> <I>Initialization</I>,
+ section of <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></H2><PRE>
- If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is used, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> checks for errors from each
- line, and if any errors are found, will set the exit code
- to 4 plus the number of lines with errors. If no errors
- are found, the exit code is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. No indication of which
- line failed can be given so exit code <STRONG>1</STRONG> will never appear.
- Exit codes <STRONG>2</STRONG>, <STRONG>3</STRONG>, and <STRONG>4</STRONG> retain their usual interpretation.
- If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is not used, the exit code depends on the
- type of <EM>capname</EM>:
-
- <EM>boolean</EM>
- a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set for TRUE and <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE.
-
- <EM>string</EM> a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set if the <EM>capname</EM> is defined
- for this terminal <EM>type</EM> (the value of <EM>capname</EM> is
- returned on standard output); a value of <STRONG>1</STRONG> is
- set if <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal
- <EM>type</EM> (nothing is written to standard output).
-
- <EM>integer</EM>
- a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is always set, whether or not <EM>cap-</EM>
- <EM>name</EM> is defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>. To
- determine if <EM>capname</EM> is defined for this termi-
- nal <EM>type</EM>, the user must test the value written
- to standard output. A value of <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that
- <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>.
-
- <EM>other</EM> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> or <STRONG>init</STRONG> may fail to find their respective
- files. In that case, the exit code is set to 4
- + <STRONG>errno</STRONG>.
-
- Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOS-
- TICS section.
+ If the <B>-S</B> option is used, <B>tput</B> checks for errors from each line, and if
+ any errors are found, will set the exit code to 4 plus the number of
+ lines with errors. If no errors are found, the exit code is <B>0</B>. No
+ indication of which line failed can be given so exit code <B>1</B> will never
+ appear. Exit codes <B>2</B>, <B>3</B>, and <B>4</B> retain their usual interpretation. If
+ the <B>-S</B> option is not used, the exit code depends on the type of
+ <I>capname</I>:
+
+ <I>boolean</I>
+ a value of <B>0</B> is set for TRUE and <B>1</B> for FALSE.
+
+ <I>string</I> a value of <B>0</B> is set if the <I>capname</I> is defined for this
+ terminal <I>type</I> (the value of <I>capname</I> is returned on standard
+ output); a value of <B>1</B> is set if <I>capname</I> is not defined for
+ this terminal <I>type</I> (nothing is written to standard output).
+
+ <I>integer</I>
+ a value of <B>0</B> is always set, whether or not <I>capname</I> is defined
+ for this terminal <I>type</I>. To determine if <I>capname</I> is defined
+ for this terminal <I>type</I>, the user must test the value written
+ to standard output. A value of <B>-1</B> means that <I>capname</I> is not
+ defined for this terminal <I>type</I>.
+
+ <I>other</I> <B>reset</B> or <B>init</B> may fail to find their respective files. In
+ that case, the exit code is set to 4 + <B>errno</B>.
+
+ Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOSTICS section.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> prints the following error messages and sets the cor-
- responding exit codes.
+ <B>tput</B> prints the following error messages and sets the corresponding
+ exit codes.
exit code error message
---------------------------------------------------------------------
- <STRONG>0</STRONG> (<EM>capname</EM> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
- the <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> database for this terminal type, e.g.
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T2621</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG>)
- <STRONG>1</STRONG> no error message is printed, see the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> section.
- <STRONG>2</STRONG> usage error
- <STRONG>3</STRONG> unknown terminal <EM>type</EM> or no <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
- <STRONG>4</STRONG> unknown <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> capability <EM>capname</EM>
- <STRONG>>4</STRONG> error occurred in -S
+ <B>0</B> (<I>capname</I> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
+ the <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B> database for this terminal type, e.g.
+ <B>tput</B> <B>-T450</B> <B>lines</B> and <B>tput</B> <B>-T2621</B> <B>xmc</B>)
+ <B>1</B> no error message is printed, see the <B>EXIT</B> <B>CODES</B> section.
+ <B>2</B> usage error
+ <B>3</B> unknown terminal <I>type</I> or no <B>terminfo</B> database
+ <B>4</B> unknown <B>terminfo</B> capability <I>capname</I>
+ <B>>4</B> error occurred in -S
---------------------------------------------------------------------
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
- The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The ini-
- tial version only cleared the screen.
+ The <B>tput</B> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The initial version
+ only cleared the screen.
+
+ AT&T System V provided a different <B>tput</B> command, whose <B>init</B> and <B>reset</B>
+ subcommands (more than half the program) were incorporated from the
+ <B>reset</B> feature of BSD <B>tset</B> written by Eric Allman.
- AT&T System V provided a different <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command, whose
- <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> subcommands (more than half the program)
- were incorporated from the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> feature of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> writ-
- ten by Eric Allman.
+ Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <B>tput</B> command in 1989 with a new
+ implementation based on the AT&T System V program <B>tput</B>. Like the AT&T
+ program, Bostic's version accepted some parameters named for <I>terminfo</I>
+ <I>capabilities</I> (<B>clear</B>, <B>init</B>, <B>longname</B> and <B>reset</B>). However (because he
+ had only termcap available), it accepted <I>termcap</I> <I>names</I> for other
+ capabilities. Also, Bostic's BSD <B>tput</B> did not modify the terminal I/O
+ modes as the earlier BSD <B>tset</B> had done.
- Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command in 1989 with a
- new implementation based on the AT&T System V program
- <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. Like the AT&T program, Bostic's version accepted
- some parameters named for <EM>terminfo</EM> <EM>capabilities</EM> (<STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>). However (because he had only
- termcap available), it accepted <EM>termcap</EM> <EM>names</EM> for other
- capabilities. Also, Bostic's BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify the
- terminal I/O modes as the earlier BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> had done.
+ At the same time, Bostic added a shell script named "clear", which used
+ <B>tput</B> to clear the screen.
- At the same time, Bostic added a shell script named
- "clear", which used <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to clear the screen.
+ Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern" BSD
+ implementation of <B>tput</B>.
- Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern"
- BSD implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>.
+ This implementation of <B>tput</B> began from a different source than AT&T or
+ BSD: Ross Ridge's <I>mytinfo</I> package, published on <I>comp.sources.unix</I> in
+ December 1992. Ridge's program made more sophisticated use of the
+ terminal capabilities than the BSD program. Eric Raymond used that
+ <B>tput</B> program (and other parts of <I>mytinfo</I>) in ncurses in June 1995.
+ Using the portions dealing with terminal capabilities almost without
+ change, Raymond made improvements to the way the command-line
+ parameters were handled.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
- This implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differs from AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> in two
- important areas:
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> writes to the standard output. That need
- not be a regular terminal. However, the subcommands
- which manipulate terminal modes may not use the stan-
- dard output.
-
- The AT&T implementation's <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands use
- the BSD (4.1c) <STRONG>tset</STRONG> source, which manipulates terminal
- modes. It successively tries standard output, stan-
- dard error, standard input before falling back to
- "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd terminal.
- When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
-
- Until changes made after ncurses 6.0, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not
- modify terminal modes. <STRONG>tput</STRONG> now uses a similar
- scheme, using functions shared with <STRONG>tset</STRONG> (and ulti-
- mately based on the 4.4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG>). If it is not able
- to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <STRONG>cron</STRONG>, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
- will return an error.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> guesses the type of its <EM>capname</EM> operands by
- seeing if all of the characters are numeric, or not.
-
- Most implementations which provide support for <EM>capname</EM>
- operands use the <EM>tparm</EM> function to expand parameters
- in it. That function expects a mixture of numeric and
- string parameters, requiring <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to know which type
- to use.
-
- This implementation uses a table to determine the
- parameter types for the standard <EM>capname</EM> operands, and
- an internal library function to analyze nonstandard
- <EM>capname</EM> operands.
-
- This implementation (unlike others) can accept both <EM>term-</EM>
- <EM>cap</EM> and <EM>terminfo</EM> names for the <EM>capname</EM> feature, if <EM>termcap</EM>
- support is compiled in. However, the predefined <EM>termcap</EM>
- and <EM>terminfo</EM> names have two ambiguities in this case (and
- the <EM>terminfo</EM> name is assumed):
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>termcap</EM> name <STRONG>dl</STRONG> corresponds to the <EM>terminfo</EM> name
- <STRONG>dl1</STRONG> (delete one line).
- The <EM>terminfo</EM> name <STRONG>dl</STRONG> corresponds to the <EM>termcap</EM> name
- <STRONG>DL</STRONG> (delete a given number of lines).
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>termcap</EM> name <STRONG>ed</STRONG> corresponds to the <EM>terminfo</EM> name
- <STRONG>rmdc</STRONG> (end delete mode).
- The <EM>terminfo</EM> name <STRONG>ed</STRONG> corresponds to the <EM>termcap</EM> name
- <STRONG>cd</STRONG> (clear to end of screen).
-
- The <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>-S</STRONG> options, and the parameter-substitu-
- tion features used in the <STRONG>cup</STRONG> example, were not supported
- in BSD curses before 4.3reno (1989) or in AT&T/USL curses
- before SVr4 (1988).
-
- IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
- 7 (POSIX.1-2008) documents only the operands for <STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
- <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. There are a few interesting observations
- to make regarding that:
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> In this implementation, <STRONG>clear</STRONG> is part of the <EM>capname</EM>
- support. The others (<STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) do not corre-
- spond to terminal capabilities.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> Other implementations of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> on SVr4-based systems
- such as Solaris, IRIX64 and HPUX as well as others
- such as AIX and Tru64 provide support for <EM>capname</EM> op-
- erands.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> A few platforms such as FreeBSD recognize termcap
- names rather than terminfo capability names in their
- respective <STRONG>tput</STRONG> commands. Since 2010, NetBSD's <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
- uses terminfo names. Before that, it (like FreeBSD)
- recognized termcap names.
-
- Because (apparently) <EM>all</EM> of the certified Unix systems
- support the full set of capability names, the reasoning
- for documenting only a few may not be apparent.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differently, with
- <EM>capname</EM> and the other features used in this implemen-
- tation.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> That is, there are two standards for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>: POSIX (a
- subset) and X/Open Curses (the full implementation).
- POSIX documents a subset to avoid the complication of
- including X/Open Curses and the terminal capabilities
- database.
-
- <STRONG>o</STRONG> While it is certainly possible to write a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program
- without using curses, none of the systems which have a
- curses implementation provide a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility which
- does not provide the <EM>capname</EM> feature.
+ This implementation of <B>tput</B> differs from AT&T <B>tput</B> in two important
+ areas:
+
+ <B>o</B> <B>tput</B> <I>capname</I> writes to the standard output. That need not be a
+ regular terminal. However, the subcommands which manipulate
+ terminal modes may not use the standard output.
+
+ The AT&T implementation's <B>init</B> and <B>reset</B> commands use the BSD
+ (4.1c) <B>tset</B> source, which manipulates terminal modes. It
+ successively tries standard output, standard error, standard input
+ before falling back to "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd
+ terminal. When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
+
+ Until changes made after ncurses 6.0, <B>tput</B> did not modify terminal
+ modes. <B>tput</B> now uses a similar scheme, using functions shared with
+ <B>tset</B> (and ultimately based on the 4.4BSD <B>tset</B>). If it is not able
+ to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <B>cron</B>, <B>tput</B> will return an
+ error.
+
+ <B>o</B> AT&T <B>tput</B> guesses the type of its <I>capname</I> operands by seeing if all
+ of the characters are numeric, or not.
+
+ Most implementations which provide support for <I>capname</I> operands use
+ the <I>tparm</I> function to expand parameters in it. That function
+ expects a mixture of numeric and string parameters, requiring <B>tput</B>
+ to know which type to use.
+
+ This implementation uses a table to determine the parameter types
+ for the standard <I>capname</I> operands, and an internal library function
+ to analyze nonstandard <I>capname</I> operands.
+
+ This implementation (unlike others) can accept both <I>termcap</I> and
+ <I>terminfo</I> names for the <I>capname</I> feature, if <I>termcap</I> support is compiled
+ in. However, the predefined <I>termcap</I> and <I>terminfo</I> names have two
+ ambiguities in this case (and the <I>terminfo</I> name is assumed):
+
+ <B>o</B> The <I>termcap</I> name <B>dl</B> corresponds to the <I>terminfo</I> name <B>dl1</B> (delete
+ one line).
+ The <I>terminfo</I> name <B>dl</B> corresponds to the <I>termcap</I> name <B>DL</B> (delete a
+ given number of lines).
+
+ <B>o</B> The <I>termcap</I> name <B>ed</B> corresponds to the <I>terminfo</I> name <B>rmdc</B> (end
+ delete mode).
+ The <I>terminfo</I> name <B>ed</B> corresponds to the <I>termcap</I> name <B>cd</B> (clear to
+ end of screen).
+
+ The <B>longname</B> and <B>-S</B> options, and the parameter-substitution features
+ used in the <B>cup</B> example, were not supported in BSD curses before
+ 4.3reno (1989) or in AT&T/USL curses before SVr4 (1988).
+
+ IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
+ (POSIX.1-2008) documents only the operands for <B>clear</B>, <B>init</B> and <B>reset</B>.
+ There are a few interesting observations to make regarding that:
+
+ <B>o</B> In this implementation, <B>clear</B> is part of the <I>capname</I> support. The
+ others (<B>init</B> and <B>longname</B>) do not correspond to terminal
+ capabilities.
+
+ <B>o</B> Other implementations of <B>tput</B> on SVr4-based systems such as
+ Solaris, IRIX64 and HPUX as well as others such as AIX and Tru64
+ provide support for <I>capname</I> operands.
+
+ <B>o</B> A few platforms such as FreeBSD recognize termcap names rather than
+ terminfo capability names in their respective <B>tput</B> commands. Since
+ 2010, NetBSD's <B>tput</B> uses terminfo names. Before that, it (like
+ FreeBSD) recognized termcap names.
+
+ Beginning in 2021, FreeBSD uses the ncurses <B>tput</B>, configured for
+ both terminfo (tested first) and termcap (as a fallback).
+
+ Because (apparently) <I>all</I> of the certified Unix systems support the full
+ set of capability names, the reasoning for documenting only a few may
+ not be apparent.
+
+ <B>o</B> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <B>tput</B> differently, with <I>capname</I> and
+ the other features used in this implementation.
+
+ <B>o</B> That is, there are two standards for <B>tput</B>: POSIX (a subset) and
+ X/Open Curses (the full implementation). POSIX documents a subset
+ to avoid the complication of including X/Open Curses and the
+ terminal capabilities database.
+
+ <B>o</B> While it is certainly possible to write a <B>tput</B> program without
+ using curses, none of the systems which have a curses
+ implementation provide a <B>tput</B> utility which does not provide the
+ <I>capname</I> feature.
+
+ X/Open Curses Issue 7 (2009) is the first version to document
+ utilities. However that part of X/Open Curses does not follow existing
+ practice (i.e., Unix features documented in SVID 3):
+
+ <B>o</B> It assigns exit code 4 to "invalid operand", which may be the same
+ as <I>unknown</I> <I>capability</I>. For instance, the source code for Solaris'
+ xcurses uses the term "invalid" in this case.
+
+ <B>o</B> It assigns exit code 255 to a numeric variable that is not
+ specified in the terminfo database. That likely is a documentation
+ error, confusing the <B>-1</B> written to the standard output for an
+ absent or cancelled numeric value versus an (unsigned) exit code.
+
+ The various Unix systems (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use the same exit-codes
+ as ncurses.
+
+ NetBSD curses documents different exit codes which do not correspond to
+ either ncurses or X/Open.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
- <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>,
- <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+ <B><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></B>, <B>stty(1)</B>, <B><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_termcap.3X.html">curs_termcap(3X)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></B>.
- This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20170121).
+ This describes <B>ncurses</B> version 6.2 (patch 20210612).
- <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
+ <B><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></B>
</PRE>
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<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Terminal-Size">Terminal Size</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li>
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