ncurses 6.1 - patch 20181208

[ncurses.git] / man / curs_addch.3x

diff --git a/man/curs_addch.3x b/man/curs_addch.3x
index 15d859b653a51f04290a7afa51660defb3d3f0f2..d502faabdb03521d40697f15450adbf7f45c77ac 100644 (file)
--- a/man/curs_addch.3x
+++ b/man/curs_addch.3x
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 '\" t
 .\"***************************************************************************
 '\" t
 .\"***************************************************************************

-.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2014,2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2017,2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *

 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
 .\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *
 .\"                                                                          *
 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
 .\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *


@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@
 .\" authorization.                                                           *
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"
 .\" authorization.                                                           *
 .\"***************************************************************************
 .\"

-.\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.36 2015/07/16 09:14:44 tom Exp $
+.\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.46 2018/07/28 21:02:35 tom Exp $

 .TH curs_addch 3X ""
 .TH curs_addch 3X ""

+.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
+.el       .ds `` ``
+.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
+.el       .ds '' ''

 .de bP
 .de bP

-.IP \(bu 4
+.ie n  .IP \(bu 4
+.el    .IP \(bu 2

 ..
 .SH NAME
 \fBaddch\fR,
 ..
 .SH NAME
 \fBaddch\fR,


@@ -58,7 +63,8 @@
 .SS Adding characters
 The \fBaddch\fR, \fBwaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR and \fBmvwaddch\fR routines put
 the character \fIch\fR into the given window at its current window position,
 .SS Adding characters
 The \fBaddch\fR, \fBwaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR and \fBmvwaddch\fR routines put
 the character \fIch\fR into the given window at its current window position,

-which is then advanced.  They are analogous to \fBputchar\fR in \fBstdio\fR(3).
+which is then advanced.
+They are analogous to \fBputchar\fR(3) in \fBstdio\fR(3).

 If the advance is at the right margin:
 .bP
 The cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
 If the advance is at the right margin:
 .bP
 The cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.


@@ -88,76 +94,84 @@ Tabs are considered to be at every eighth column.
 The tab interval may be altered by setting the \fBTABSIZE\fR variable.
 .PP
 If \fIch\fR is any other control character, it
 The tab interval may be altered by setting the \fBTABSIZE\fR variable.
 .PP
 If \fIch\fR is any other control character, it

-is drawn in \fB^\fR\fIX\fR notation.  Calling \fBwinch\fR after adding a
+is drawn in \fB^\fR\fIX\fR notation.
+Calling \fBwinch\fR after adding a

 control character does not return the character itself, but instead returns
 the ^-representation of the control character.
 .PP
 Video attributes can be combined with a character argument passed to
 \fBaddch\fR or related functions by logical-ORing them into the character.
 (Thus, text, including attributes, can be copied from one place to another
 control character does not return the character itself, but instead returns
 the ^-representation of the control character.
 .PP
 Video attributes can be combined with a character argument passed to
 \fBaddch\fR or related functions by logical-ORing them into the character.
 (Thus, text, including attributes, can be copied from one place to another

-using \fBinch\fR and \fBaddch\fR.)  See the \fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) page for
+using \fBinch\fR(3X) and \fBaddch\fR.)  See the \fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) page for

 values of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
 into characters.
 .SS Echoing characters
 .PP
 The \fBechochar\fR and \fBwechochar\fR routines are equivalent to a call to
 values of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
 into characters.
 .SS Echoing characters
 .PP
 The \fBechochar\fR and \fBwechochar\fR routines are equivalent to a call to

-\fBaddch\fR followed by a call to \fBrefresh\fR, or a call to \fBwaddch\fR
-followed by a call to \fBwrefresh\fR.  The knowledge that only a single
+\fBaddch\fR followed by a call to \fBrefresh\fR(3X), or a call to \fBwaddch\fR
+followed by a call to \fBwrefresh\fR.
+The knowledge that only a single

 character is being output is used and, for non-control characters, a
 considerable performance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of
 their equivalents.
 .SS Line Graphics
 The following variables may be used to add line drawing characters to the
 character is being output is used and, for non-control characters, a
 considerable performance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of
 their equivalents.
 .SS Line Graphics
 The following variables may be used to add line drawing characters to the

-screen with routines of the \fBaddch\fR family.  The default character listed
+screen with routines of the \fBaddch\fR family.
+The default character listed

 below is used if the \fBacsc\fR capability does not define a terminal-specific
 below is used if the \fBacsc\fR capability does not define a terminal-specific

-replacement for it.
+replacement for it,
+or if the terminal and locale configuration requires Unicode but the
+library is unable to use Unicode.
+.PP

 The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
 .PP
 .TS
 The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
 .PP
 .TS

-l l l
-_ _ _
-l l l.
-\fIName\fR     \fIDefault\fR   \fIDescription\fR
-ACS_BLOCK      #       solid square block
-ACS_BOARD      #       board of squares
-ACS_BTEE       +       bottom tee
-ACS_BULLET     o       bullet
-ACS_CKBOARD    :       checker board (stipple)
-ACS_DARROW     v       arrow pointing down
-ACS_DEGREE     '       degree symbol
-ACS_DIAMOND    +       diamond
-ACS_GEQUAL     >       greater-than-or-equal-to
-ACS_HLINE      \-      horizontal line
-ACS_LANTERN    #       lantern symbol
-ACS_LARROW     <       arrow pointing left
-ACS_LEQUAL     <       less-than-or-equal-to
-ACS_LLCORNER   +       lower left-hand corner
-ACS_LRCORNER   +       lower right-hand corner
-ACS_LTEE       +       left tee
-ACS_NEQUAL     !       not-equal
-ACS_PI *       greek pi
-ACS_PLMINUS    #       plus/minus
-ACS_PLUS       +       plus
-ACS_RARROW     >       arrow pointing right
-ACS_RTEE       +       right tee
-ACS_S1 \-      scan line 1
-ACS_S3 \-      scan line 3
-ACS_S7 \-      scan line 7
-ACS_S9 \&_     scan line 9
-ACS_STERLING   f       pound-sterling symbol
-ACS_TTEE       +       top tee
-ACS_UARROW     ^       arrow pointing up
-ACS_ULCORNER   +       upper left-hand corner
-ACS_URCORNER   +       upper right-hand corner
-ACS_VLINE      |       vertical line
+l l l l
+l l l l
+_ _ _ _
+l l l l.
+\fBACS\fR      \fBACS\fR       \fBacsc\fP      \fBGlyph\fR
+\fBName\fR     \fBDefault\fR   \fBchar\fP      \fBName\fR
+ACS_BLOCK      #       0       solid square block
+ACS_BOARD      #       h       board of squares
+ACS_BTEE       +       v       bottom tee
+ACS_BULLET     o       ~       bullet
+ACS_CKBOARD    :       a       checker board (stipple)
+ACS_DARROW     v       .       arrow pointing down
+ACS_DEGREE     '       f       degree symbol
+ACS_DIAMOND    +       `       diamond
+ACS_GEQUAL     >       >       greater-than-or-equal-to
+ACS_HLINE      \-      q       horizontal line
+ACS_LANTERN    #       i       lantern symbol
+ACS_LARROW     <       ,       arrow pointing left
+ACS_LEQUAL     <       y       less-than-or-equal-to
+ACS_LLCORNER   +       m       lower left-hand corner
+ACS_LRCORNER   +       j       lower right-hand corner
+ACS_LTEE       +       t       left tee
+ACS_NEQUAL     !       |       not-equal
+ACS_PI *       {       greek pi
+ACS_PLMINUS    #       g       plus/minus
+ACS_PLUS       +       n       plus
+ACS_RARROW     >       +       arrow pointing right
+ACS_RTEE       +       u       right tee
+ACS_S1 \-      o       scan line 1
+ACS_S3 \-      p       scan line 3
+ACS_S7 \-      r       scan line 7
+ACS_S9 \&_     s       scan line 9
+ACS_STERLING   f       }       pound-sterling symbol
+ACS_TTEE       +       w       top tee
+ACS_UARROW     ^       \-      arrow pointing up
+ACS_ULCORNER   +       l       upper left-hand corner
+ACS_URCORNER   +       k       upper right-hand corner
+ACS_VLINE      |       x       vertical line

 .TE
 .SH RETURN VALUE
 All routines return the integer \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR on success
 .TE
 .SH RETURN VALUE
 All routines return the integer \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR on success

-(the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value other than \fBERR\fR") upon
-successful completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine
-descriptions.
+(the SVr4 manuals specify only
+\*(``an integer value other than \fBERR\fR\*('') upon successful completion,
+unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.

 .PP
 .PP

-Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
+Functions with a \*(``mv\*('' prefix first perform a cursor movement using

 \fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
 or if the window pointer is null.
 .SH NOTES
 \fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
 or if the window pointer is null.
 .SH NOTES


@@ -166,6 +180,7 @@ Note that \fBaddch\fR, \fBmvaddch\fR, \fBmvwaddch\fR, and
 .SH PORTABILITY
 All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
 The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale.
 .SH PORTABILITY
 All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
 The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale.

+.SS ACS Symbols

 .LP
 X/Open Curses states that the \fIACS_\fP definitions are \fBchar\fP constants.
 For the wide-character implementation (see \fBcurs_add_wch\fP),
 .LP
 X/Open Curses states that the \fIACS_\fP definitions are \fBchar\fP constants.
 For the wide-character implementation (see \fBcurs_add_wch\fP),


@@ -180,10 +195,62 @@ ACS_PI,
 ACS_NEQUAL,
 ACS_STERLING)
 were not documented in
 ACS_NEQUAL,
 ACS_STERLING)
 were not documented in

-any publicly released System V.  However, many publicly available terminfos
+any publicly released System V.
+However, many publicly available terminfos

 include \fBacsc\fR strings in which their key characters (pryz{|}) are
 embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come
 include \fBacsc\fR strings in which their key characters (pryz{|}) are
 embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come

-to light.  The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for \fBncurses\fR(3X).
+to light.
+The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for \fBncurses\fR(3X).
+.LP
+The \fIdisplayed\fP values for the \fIACS_\fP and \fIWACS_\fP constants
+depend on 
+.bP
+the library configuration, i.e., \fBncurses\fP versus \fBncursesw\fP,
+where the latter is capable of displaying Unicode while the former is not, and
+.bP
+whether the \fIlocale\fP uses UTF-8 encoding.
+.LP
+In certain cases, the terminal is unable to display line-drawing characters
+except by using UTF-8 (see the discussion of \fBNCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS\fP in
+ncurses(3X)).
+.SS Character Set
+X/Open Curses assumes that the parameter passed to \fBwaddch\fP contains
+a single character.
+As discussed in \fBcurs_attr\fP(3X), that character may have been
+more than eight bits in an SVr3 or SVr4 implementation,
+but in the X/Open Curses model, the details are not given.
+The important distinction between SVr4 curses and X/Open Curses is
+that the non-character information (attributes and color) was
+separated from the character information which is packed in a \fBchtype\fP
+to pass to \fBwaddch\fP.
+.PP
+In this implementation, \fBchtype\fP holds eight bits.
+But ncurses allows multibyte characters to be passed in a succession
+of calls to \fBwaddch\fP.
+The other implementations do not do this;
+a call to \fBwaddch\fP passes exactly one character
+which may be rendered as one or more cells on the screen
+depending on whether it is printable.
+.PP
+Depending on the locale settings,
+ncurses will inspect the byte passed in each call to \fBwaddch\fP,
+and check if the latest call will continue a multibyte sequence.
+When a character is \fIcomplete\fP,
+ncurses displays the character and moves to the next position in the screen.
+.PP
+If the calling application interrupts the succession of bytes in
+a multibyte character by moving the current location (e.g., using \fBwmove\fP),
+ncurses discards the partially built character,
+starting over again.
+.PP
+For portability to other implementations,
+do not rely upon this behavior:
+.bP
+check if a character can be represented as a single byte in the current locale
+before attempting call \fBwaddch\fP, and
+.bP
+call \fBwadd_wch\fP for characters which cannot be handled by \fBwaddch\fP.
+.SS TABSIZE

 .LP
 The \fBTABSIZE\fR variable is implemented in some versions of curses,
 but is not part of X/Open curses.
 .LP
 The \fBTABSIZE\fR variable is implemented in some versions of curses,
 but is not part of X/Open curses.