'\" t
.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2012,2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2017,2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: curs_getch.3x,v 1.39 2014/05/24 20:16:31 tom Exp $
+.\" $Id: curs_getch.3x,v 1.53 2018/07/28 22:15:59 tom Exp $
.TH curs_getch 3X ""
.na
.hy 0
.de bP
-.IP \(bu 4
+.ie n .IP \(bu 4
+.el .IP \(bu 2
..
.SH NAME
\fBgetch\fR,
.PP
\fBint getch(void);\fR
.br
-\fBint wgetch(WINDOW *win);\fR
+\fBint wgetch(WINDOW *\fP\fIwin);\fR
.br
-\fBint mvgetch(int y, int x);\fR
+\fBint mvgetch(int \fP\fIy\fP\fB, int \fP\fIx\fP\fB);\fR
.br
-\fBint mvwgetch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x);\fR
+\fBint mvwgetch(WINDOW *\fP\fIwin\fP\fB, int \fP\fIy\fP\fB, int \fP\fIx\fP\fB);\fR
.br
-\fBint ungetch(int ch);\fR
+\fBint ungetch(int \fP\fIch\fP\fB);\fR
.br
-\fBint has_key(int ch);\fR
+\fBint has_key(int \fP\fIch\fP\fB);\fR
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.SS Reading characters
The \fBgetch\fR, \fBwgetch\fR, \fBmvgetch\fR and \fBmvwgetch\fR, routines read
a character from the window.
In no-delay mode, if no input is waiting, the value \fBERR\fR is returned.
If the window is not a pad, and it has been moved or modified since the last
call to \fBwrefresh\fR, \fBwrefresh\fR will be called before another character
is read.
+.SS Keypad mode
.PP
If \fBkeypad\fR is \fBTRUE\fR, and a function key is pressed, the token for
-that function key is returned instead of the raw characters.
-Possible function
-keys are defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR as macros with values outside the range
-of 8-bit characters whose names begin with \fBKEY_\fR.
+that function key is returned instead of the raw characters:
+.bP
+The predefined function
+keys are listed in \fB<curses.h>\fR as macros with values outside the range
+of 8-bit characters.
+Their names begin with \fBKEY_\fR.
+.bP
+Other (user-defined) function keys which may be defined
+using \fBdefine_key\fP(3X)
+have no names, but also are expected to have values outside the range of
+8-bit characters.
+.PP
Thus, a variable
intended to hold the return value of a function key must be of short size or
larger.
For this reason, many terminals experience a delay between the time
a user presses the escape key and the escape is returned to the program.
.PP
+In \fBncurses\fP, the timer normally expires after
+the value in \fBESCDELAY\fP (see \fBcurs_variables\fP(3X)).
+If \fBnotimeout\fP is \fBTRUE\fP, the timer does not expire;
+it is an infinite (or very large) value.
+Because function keys usually begin with an escape character,
+the terminal may appear to hang in notimeout mode after pressing the escape key
+until another key is pressed.
+.SS Ungetting characters
+.PP
The \fBungetch\fR routine places \fIch\fR back onto the input queue to be
returned by the next call to \fBwgetch\fR.
There is just one input queue for all windows.
.PP
-.SS Function Keys
-The following function keys, defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR, might be returned by
-\fBgetch\fR if \fBkeypad\fR has been enabled.
-Note that not all of these are
-necessarily supported on any particular terminal.
+.SS Predefined key-codes
+The following special keys are defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR.
+.bP
+Except for the special case \fBKEY_RESIZE\fP,
+it is necessary to enable \fBkeypad\fR for \fBgetch\fP to return these codes.
+.bP
+Not all of these are necessarily supported on any particular terminal.
+.bP
+The naming convention may seem obscure, with some apparent
+misspellings (such as "RSUME" for "resume").
+The names correspond to the long terminfo capability names for the keys,
+and were defined long ago, in the 1980s.
.PP
.TS
center tab(/) ;
.TE
.PP
Keypad is arranged like this:
-.sp
+.br
.TS
center allbox tab(/) ;
c c c .
\fBC1\fR/\fBdown\fR/\fBC3\fR
.TE
.sp
-The \fBhas_key\fR routine takes a key value from the above list, and
-returns TRUE or FALSE according to whether
+A few of these predefined values do \fInot\fP correspond to a real key:
+.bP
+.B KEY_RESIZE
+is returned when the \fBSIGWINCH\fP signal has been detected
+(see \fBinitscr\fP(3X) and \fBresizeterm\fR(3X)).
+This code is returned whether or not \fBkeypad\fP has been enabled.
+.bP
+.B KEY_MOUSE
+is returned for mouse-events (see \fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)).
+This code relies upon whether or not \fBkeypad\fP(3X) has been enabled,
+because (e.g., with \fIxterm\fP mouse prototocol) ncurses must
+read escape sequences,
+just like a function key.
+.SS Testing key-codes
+.PP
+The \fBhas_key\fR routine takes a key-code value from the above list, and
+returns \fBTRUE\fP or \fBFALSE\fP according to whether
the current terminal type recognizes a key with that value.
-Note that a few values do not correspond to a real key,
-e.g., \fBKEY_RESIZE\fP and \fBKEY_MOUSE\fP.
-See \fBresizeterm\fR(3X) for more details about \fBKEY_RESIZE\fP, and
-\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X) for a discussion of \fBKEY_MOUSE\fP.
+.PP
+The library also supports these extensions:
+.RS 3
+.TP 5
+.B define_key
+defines a key-code for a given string (see \fBdefine_key\fP(3X)).
+.TP 5
+.B key_defined
+checks if there is a key-code defined for a given
+string (see \fBkey_defined\fP(3X)).
+.RE
.PP
.SH RETURN VALUE
All routines return the integer \fBERR\fR upon failure and an integer value
-other than \fBERR\fR (\fBOK\fR in the case of ungetch()) upon successful
+other than \fBERR\fR (\fBOK\fR in the case of \fBungetch\fP) upon successful
completion.
.RS 3
.TP 5
\fBungetch\fP
-returns ERR
+returns \fBERR\fP
if there is no more room in the FIFO.
.TP
\fBwgetch\fP
-returns ERR
+returns \fBERR\fP
if the window pointer is null, or
-if its timeout expires without having any data.
+if its timeout expires without having any data, or
+if the execution was interrupted by a signal (\fBerrno\fR will be set to
+\fBEINTR\fR).
.RE
.PP
Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
discouraged, as it will cause a delay of up to one second while the
keypad code looks for a following function-key sequence.
.PP
-Note that some keys may be the same as commonly used control
-keys, e.g., \fBKEY_ENTER\fP versus control/M, \fBKEY_BACKSPACE\fP versus control/H.
+Some keys may be the same as commonly used control
+keys, e.g.,
+\fBKEY_ENTER\fP versus control/M,
+\fBKEY_BACKSPACE\fP versus control/H.
Some curses implementations may differ according to whether they
treat these control keys specially (and ignore the terminfo), or
use the terminfo definitions.
progress or not, and also (in some implementations) depending on whether an
input timeout or non-blocking mode has been set.
.PP
+\fBKEY_MOUSE\fP is mentioned in XSI Curses, along with a few related
+terminfo capabilities, but no higher-level functions use the feature.
+The implementation in ncurses is an extension.
+.PP
+\fBKEY_RESIZE\fP is an extension first implemented for ncurses.
+NetBSD curses later added this extension.
+.PP
Programmers concerned about portability should be prepared for either of two
cases: (a) signal receipt does not interrupt \fBgetch\fR; (b) signal receipt
-interrupts \fBgetch\fR and causes it to return ERR with \fBerrno\fR set to
+interrupts \fBgetch\fR and causes it to return \fBERR\fP with \fBerrno\fR set to
\fBEINTR\fR.
-Under the \fBncurses\fR implementation, handled signals never
-interrupt \fBgetch\fR.
.PP
The \fBhas_key\fR function is unique to \fBncurses\fR.
We recommend that
\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X),
\fBcurs_move\fR(3X),
\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X),
+\fBcurs_variables\fR(3X),
\fBresizeterm\fR(3X).
.PP
Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) library are
projects / ncurses.git / blobdiff