'\" t
-.\" $Id: curs_inch.3x,v 1.8 1997/12/13 22:36:42 tom Exp $
-.TH curs_inch 3X ""
+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
+.\" Copyright 1998-2010,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
+.\" *
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
+.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
+.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
+.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
+.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
+.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
+.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
+.\" *
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
+.\" *
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
+.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
+.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
+.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
+.\" *
+.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
+.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
+.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
+.\" authorization. *
+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\"
+.\" $Id: curs_inch.3x,v 1.48 2024/04/13 22:14:06 tom Exp $
+.TH curs_inch 3X 2024-04-13 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.ds `` \(lq
+.ds '' \(rq
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.ie t .ds `` ``
+.el .ds `` ""
+.ie t .ds '' ''
+.el .ds '' ""
+.\}
+.
+.de bP
+.ie n .IP \(bu 4
+.el .IP \(bu 2
+..
.SH NAME
-\fBinch\fR, \fBwinch\fR, \fBmvinch\fR, \fBmvwinch\fR
-- get a character and attributes from a \fBcurses\fR window
+\fB\%inch\fP,
+\fB\%winch\fP,
+\fB\%mvinch\fP,
+\fB\%mvwinch\fP \-
+get a \fIcurses\fR character from a window
.SH SYNOPSIS
-\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
-
-\fBchtype inch(void);\fR
-.br
-\fBchtype winch(WINDOW *win);\fR
-.br
-\fBchtype mvinch(int y, int x);\fR
-.br
-\fBchtype mvwinch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x);\fR
-.br
+.nf
+\fB#include <curses.h>
+.PP
+\fBchtype inch(void);
+\fBchtype winch(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP);
+.PP
+\fBchtype mvinch(int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP);
+\fBchtype mvwinch(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP);
+.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
-These routines return the character, of type \fBchtype\fR, at the current
-position in the named window. If any attributes are set for that position,
-their values are OR'ed into the value returned. Constants defined in
-\fB<curses.h>\fR can be used with the \fB&\fR (logical AND) operator to
+These routines return the character, of type \fBchtype\fP, at the current
+position in the named window.
+If any attributes are set for that position,
+their values are OR'ed into the value returned.
+Constants defined in
+\fB<curses.h>\fP can be used with the \fB&\fP (logical AND) operator to
extract the character or attributes alone.
-
+.
.SS Attributes
-The following bit-masks may be AND-ed with characters returned by \fBwinch\fR.
-
+The following bit masks may be AND-ed with characters returned by \fBwinch\fP.
+.PP
.TS
-l l .
-\fBA_CHARTEXT\fR Bit-mask to extract character
-\fBA_ATTRIBUTES\fR Bit-mask to extract attributes
-\fBA_COLOR\fR Bit-mask to extract color-pair field information
+Lb Lb
+Lb Lx.
+Name Description
+_
+A_CHARTEXT Extract character
+A_ATTRIBUTES Extract attributes
+A_COLOR Extract color pair information
.TE
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+Functions with a \*(``mv\*('' prefix first perform a cursor movement using
+\fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
+or if the window pointer is null.
+.PP
+The \fBwinch\fP function does not return an error if the window contains
+characters larger than 8-bits (255).
+Only the low-order 8 bits of the character are used by \fBwinch\fP.
.SH NOTES
Note that all of these routines may be macros.
.SH PORTABILITY
These functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
+.PP
+Very old systems (before standardization) provide a different function
+with the same name:
+.bP
+The \fBwinch\fP function was part of the original BSD curses library,
+which stored a 7-bit character combined with the \fIstandout\fP attribute.
+.IP
+In BSD curses, \fBwinch\fP returned only the character (as an integer)
+with the \fIstandout\fP attribute removed.
+.bP
+System V curses added support for several video attributes which
+could be combined with characters in the window.
+.IP
+Reflecting this improvement, the function was altered to return the
+character combined with all video attributes in a \fBchtype\fP value.
+.PP
+X/Open Curses does not specify
+the size and layout of attributes, color and character values in
+\fBchtype\fP; it is implementation-dependent.
+This implementation uses 8 bits for character values.
+An application using more bits, e.g., a Unicode value,
+should use the wide-character equivalents to these functions.
.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBcurses\fR(3X).
-.\"#
-.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
-.\"# Local Variables:
-.\"# mode:nroff
-.\"# fill-column:79
-.\"# End:
+\fB\%curs_in_wch\fP(3X) describes comparable functions of the
+.I \%ncurses
+library in its wide-character configuration
+.RI ( \%ncursesw ).
+.PP
+\fB\%curses\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_instr\fP(3X)
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