'\" t
.\"***************************************************************************
-.\" Copyright 2018-2022,2022 Thomas E. Dickey *
+.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
.\" Copyright 1998-2015,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
-.\" $Id: curs_mouse.3x,v 1.61 2023/06/17 17:50:37 tom Exp $
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+.\" $Id: curs_mouse.3x,v 1.86 2024/01/13 22:05:39 tom Exp $
+.TH curs_mouse 3X 2024-01-13 "ncurses 6.4" "Library calls"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.ds `` \(lq
+.ds '' \(rq
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.ie t .ds `` ``
+.el .ds `` ""
+.ie t .ds '' ''
+.el .ds '' ""
+.\}
+.
.de bP
.ie n .IP \(bu 4
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-.TH curs_mouse 3X 2023-06-17 "ncurses 6.4" "Library calls"
-.na
-.hy 0
.SH NAME
-\fBhas_mouse\fP,
-\fBgetmouse\fP, \fBungetmouse\fP,
-\fBmousemask\fP, \fBwenclose\fP,
-\fBmouse_trafo\fP, \fBwmouse_trafo\fP,
-\fBmouseinterval\fP \- mouse interface through curses
-.ad
-.hy
+\fB\%has_mouse\fP,
+\fB\%getmouse\fP,
+\fB\%ungetmouse\fP,
+\fB\%mousemask\fP,
+\fB\%wenclose\fP,
+\fB\%mouse_trafo\fP,
+\fB\%wmouse_trafo\fP,
+\fB\%mouseinterval\fP \-
+get mouse events in \fIcurses\fR
.SH SYNOPSIS
-\fB#include <curses.h>\fP
+.nf
+\fB#include <curses.h>
.PP
-\fBtypedef unsigned long mmask_t;\fP
+\fBtypedef unsigned long mmask_t;
.PP
-.nf
-\fBtypedef struct {\fP
-\fB short id; \fI/* ID to distinguish multiple devices */\fR
-\fB int x, y, z; \fI/* event coordinates */\fR
-\fB mmask_t bstate; \fI/* button state bits */\fR
-\fB} MEVENT;\fP
-.fi
+\fBtypedef struct {
+\fB short id; \fI/* ID to distinguish multiple devices */
+\fB int x, y, z; \fI/* event coordinates */
+\fB mmask_t bstate; \fI/* button state bits */
+\fB} MEVENT;
.PP
-\fBbool has_mouse(void);\fP
-.sp
-\fBint getmouse(MEVENT *\fIevent\fB);\fR
-.br
-\fBint ungetmouse(MEVENT *\fIevent\fB);\fR
-.sp
-\fBmmask_t mousemask(mmask_t \fInewmask\fB, mmask_t *\fIoldmask\fB);\fR
-.sp
-\fBbool wenclose(const WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB);\fR
-.sp
-\fBbool mouse_trafo(int* \fIpY\fB, int* \fIpX\fB, bool \fIto_screen\fB);\fR
-.br
-\fBbool wmouse_trafo(const WINDOW* \fIwin\fB,\fR
+\fBbool has_mouse(void);
+.PP
+\fBint getmouse(MEVENT *\fIevent\fP);
+\fBint ungetmouse(MEVENT *\fIevent\fP);
+.PP
+\fBmmask_t mousemask(mmask_t \fInewmask\fP, mmask_t *\fIoldmask\fP);
+.PP
+\fBbool wenclose(const WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP);
+.PP
+\fBbool mouse_trafo(int* \fIpY\fP, int* \fIpX\fP, bool \fIto_screen\fP);
+\fBbool wmouse_trafo(const WINDOW* \fIwin\fP,
\fBint* \fIpY\fB, int* \fIpX\fB, bool \fIto_screen\fB);\fR
-.sp
+.PP
\fBint mouseinterval(int \fIerval\fB);\fR
-.br
+.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions provide an interface to mouse events from
-\fBncurses\fP(3X).
-Mouse events are represented by \fBKEY_MOUSE\fP
-pseudo-key values in the \fBwgetch\fP(3X) input stream.
+\fB\%ncurses\fP(3X).
+Mouse events are represented by \fB\%KEY_MOUSE\fP
+pseudo-key values in the \fB\%wgetch\fP(3X) input stream.
.SS mousemask
-.PP
-To make mouse events visible, use the \fBmousemask\fP function.
+To make mouse events visible, use the \fB\%mousemask\fP function.
This sets the mouse events to be reported.
By default, no mouse events are reported.
.bP
or if the terminal does not support mouse-events,
this function returns 0.
.bP
-If \fIoldmask\fP is non-NULL,
+If \fIoldmask\fP is non-\fBNULL\fP,
this function fills the indicated location with the previous value of the
current screen's mouse event mask.
.PP
As a side effect, setting a zero mousemask may turn off the mouse pointer;
setting a nonzero mask may turn it on.
Whether this happens is device-dependent.
-.SS Mouse events
-.PP
+.SS "Mouse Events"
Here are the mouse event type masks which may be defined:
.PP
.TS
-l l
-_ _
-l l.
-\fBName\fP \fBDescription\fP
+Lb Lb
+Lb Lx.
+Name Description
+=
BUTTON1_PRESSED mouse button 1 down
BUTTON1_RELEASED mouse button 1 up
BUTTON1_CLICKED mouse button 1 clicked
BUTTON5_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 5 double clicked
BUTTON5_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 5 triple clicked
_
-BUTTON_SHIFT shift was down during button state change
-BUTTON_CTRL control was down during button state change
-BUTTON_ALT alt was down during button state change
+BUTTON_SHIFT T{
+shift was down during button state change
+T}
+BUTTON_CTRL T{
+control was down during button state change
+T}
+BUTTON_ALT T{
+alt was down during button state change
+T}
ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS report all button state changes
REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION report mouse movement
_
.TE
.SS getmouse
-.PP
Once a class of mouse events has been made visible in a window,
-calling the \fBwgetch\fP function on that window may return
-\fBKEY_MOUSE\fP as an indicator that a mouse event has been queued.
+calling the \fB\%wgetch\fP function on that window may return
+\fB\%KEY_MOUSE\fP as an indicator that a mouse event has been queued.
To read the event data and pop the event off the queue, call
-\fBgetmouse\fP.
+\fB\%getmouse\fP.
This function will return \fBOK\fP if a mouse event
is actually visible in the given window, \fBERR\fP otherwise.
-When \fBgetmouse\fP returns \fBOK\fP, the data deposited as y and
+When \fB\%getmouse\fP returns \fBOK\fP, the data deposited as y and
x in the event structure coordinates will be screen-relative character-cell
coordinates.
The returned state mask will have exactly one bit set to
indicate the event type.
The corresponding data in the queue is marked invalid.
-A subsequent call to \fBgetmouse\fP will retrieve the next older
+A subsequent call to \fB\%getmouse\fP will retrieve the next older
item from the queue.
.SS ungetmouse
-.PP
-The \fBungetmouse\fP function behaves analogously to \fBungetch\fP.
+The \fB\%ungetmouse\fP function behaves analogously to \fB\%ungetch\fP.
It pushes
-a \fBKEY_MOUSE\fP event onto the input queue, and associates with that event
+a \fB\%KEY_MOUSE\fP event onto the input queue, and associates with that event
the given state data and screen-relative character-cell coordinates.
.SS wenclose
-.PP
-The \fBwenclose\fP function tests whether a given pair of screen-relative
+The \fB\%wenclose\fP function tests whether a given pair of screen-relative
character-cell coordinates is enclosed by a given window, returning \fBTRUE\fP
if it is and \fBFALSE\fP otherwise.
It is useful for determining what subset of
the screen windows enclose the location of a mouse event.
.SS wmouse_trafo
-.PP
-The \fBwmouse_trafo\fP function transforms a given pair of coordinates
-from stdscr-relative coordinates
+The \fB\%wmouse_trafo\fP function transforms a given pair of coordinates
+from \fB\%stdscr\fP-relative coordinates
to coordinates relative to the given window or vice versa.
-The resulting stdscr-relative coordinates are not always identical
-to window-relative coordinates due to the mechanism to reserve lines on top
-or bottom of the screen for other purposes
-(see the \fBripoffline\fP and \fBslk_init\fP(3X) calls, for example).
+The resulting \fB\%stdscr\fP-relative coordinates are not always
+identical to window-relative coordinates due to the mechanism to reserve
+lines on top or bottom of the screen for other purposes
+(see the \fB\%ripoffline\fP and \fB\%slk_init\fP(3X) calls, for example).
.bP
If the parameter \fIto_screen\fP is \fBTRUE\fP, the pointers
\fIpY, pX\fP must reference the coordinates of a location
through the pointers.
If the conversion was successful, the function returns \fBTRUE\fP.
.bP
-If one of the parameters was NULL or the location is
+If one of the parameters was \fBNULL\fP or the location is
not inside the window, \fBFALSE\fP is returned.
.bP
If \fIto_screen\fP is
\fBFALSE\fP, the pointers \fIpY, pX\fP must reference window-relative
coordinates.
-They are converted to stdscr-relative coordinates if the
+They are converted to \fB\%stdscr\fP-relative coordinates if the
window \fIwin\fP encloses this point.
In this case the function returns \fBTRUE\fP.
.bP
-If one of the parameters is NULL or the point is not inside the
+If one of the parameters is \fBNULL\fP or the point is not inside the
window, \fBFALSE\fP is returned.
The referenced coordinates
are only replaced by the converted coordinates if the transformation was
successful.
.SS mouse_trafo
-.PP
-The \fBmouse_trafo\fP function performs the same translation
-as \fBwmouse_trafo\fP,
-using stdscr for \fIwin\fP.
+The \fB\%mouse_trafo\fP function performs the same translation
+as \fB\%wmouse_trafo\fP,
+using \fB\%stdscr\fP for \fIwin\fP.
.SS mouseinterval
-.PP
-The \fBmouseinterval\fP function sets the maximum time (in thousands of a
+The \fB\%mouseinterval\fP function sets the maximum time (in thousands of a
second) that can elapse between press and release events for them to
be recognized as a click.
-Use \fBmouseinterval(0)\fP to disable click resolution.
+Use \fB\%mouseinterval(0)\fP to disable click resolution.
This function returns the previous interval value.
-Use \fBmouseinterval(\-1)\fP to obtain the interval without altering it.
+Use \fB\%mouseinterval(\-1)\fP to obtain the interval without altering it.
The default is one sixth of a second.
.SS has_mouse
-.PP
-The \fBhas_mouse\fP function returns \fBTRUE\fP if the mouse driver has been
-successfully initialized.
+The \fB\%has_mouse\fP function returns \fBTRUE\fP if the mouse driver
+has been successfully initialized,
+and \fBFALSE\fP otherwise.
.PP
Note that mouse events will be ignored when input is in cooked mode, and will
cause an error beep when cooked mode is being simulated in a window by a
-function such as \fBgetstr\fP that expects a linefeed for input-loop
+function such as \fB\%getstr\fP that expects a linefeed for input-loop
termination.
.SH RETURN VALUE
-\fBgetmouse\fP and \fBungetmouse\fP
-return the integer \fBERR\fP upon failure or \fBOK\fP
-upon successful completion:
-.RS 3
-.TP 5
-\fBgetmouse\fP
-returns an error.
+\fB\%has_mouse\fP,
+\fB\%wenclose\fP,
+\fB\%mouse_trafo\fP,
+and
+\fB\%wmouse_trafo\fP
+return \fBTRUE\fP or \fBFALSE\fP as noted above.
+.PP
+\fB\%getmouse\fP and \fB\%ungetmouse\fP
+return \fBERR\fP upon failure and \fBOK\fP upon success.
+.PP
+\fB\%getmouse\fP fails if:
.bP
-If no mouse driver was initialized, or
-if the mask parameter is zero,
+no mouse driver was initialized,
.bP
-It returns an error if a mouse event was detected which did not match the
-current \fImousemask\fP.
+the mask of reportable events is zero,
.bP
-It also returns an error if no more events remain in the queue.
-.TP 5
-\fBungetmouse\fP
-returns an error if the FIFO is full.
-.RE
+a mouse event was detected that does not match the mask,
+.bP
+or if no more events remain in the queue.
.PP
-\fBmousemask\fP
+\fB\%ungetmouse\fP returns an error if the event queue is full.
+.PP
+\fB\%mousemask\fP
returns the mask of reportable events.
.PP
-\fBmouseinterval\fP
+\fB\%mouseinterval\fP
returns the previous interval value, unless
the terminal was not initialized.
In that case, it returns the maximum interval value (166).
-.PP
-\fBwenclose\fP and \fBwmouse_trafo\fP
-are boolean functions returning \fBTRUE\fP or \fBFALSE\fP depending
-on their test result.
-.SH PORTABILITY
-These calls were designed for \fBncurses\fP(3X), and are not found in SVr4
-curses, 4.4BSD curses, or any other previous version of curses.
-.PP
-SVr4 curses had support for the mouse in a variant of \fBxterm\fP(1).
-It is mentioned in a few places, but with no supporting documentation:
-.bP
-the \*(``libcurses\*('' manual page lists functions for this feature
-which are prototyped in \fBcurses.h\fP:
-.NS
-extern int mouse_set(long int);
-extern int mouse_on(long int);
-extern int mouse_off(long int);
-extern int request_mouse_pos(void);
-extern int map_button(unsigned long);
-extern void wmouse_position(WINDOW *, int *, int *);
-extern unsigned long getmouse(void), getbmap(void);
-.NE
-.bP
-the \*(``terminfo\*('' manual page lists capabilities for the feature
-.NS
-buttons btns BT Number of buttons on the mouse
-get_mouse getm Gm Curses should get button events
-key_mouse kmous Km 0631, Mouse event has occurred
-mouse_info minfo Mi Mouse status information
-req_mouse_pos reqmp RQ Request mouse position report
-.NE
-.bP
-the interface made assumptions (as does ncurses) about the escape sequences
-sent to and received from the terminal.
-.IP
-For instance
-the SVr4 curses library used the \fBget_mouse\fP capability to tell the
-terminal which mouse button events it should send,
-passing the mouse-button bit-mask to the terminal.
-Also, it could ask the terminal
-where the mouse was using the \fBreq_mouse_pos\fP capability.
-.IP
-Those features required a terminal which had been modified to work with curses.
-They were not part of the X Consortium's xterm.
-.PP
-When developing the xterm mouse support for ncurses in September 1995,
-Eric Raymond was uninterested in using the same interface due to its
-lack of documentation.
-Later, in 1998, Mark Hesseling provided support in
-PDCurses 2.3 using the SVr4 interface.
-PDCurses, however, does not use video terminals,
-making it unnecessary to be concerned about compatibility with the
-escape sequences.
-.PP
-The feature macro \fBNCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION\fP is provided so the preprocessor
-can be used to test whether these features are present.
-If the interface is changed, the value of \fBNCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION\fP will be
-incremented.
-These values for \fBNCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION\fP may be
-specified when configuring ncurses:
-.RS 3
-.TP 3
-1
-has definitions for reserved events.
-The mask uses 28 bits.
-.TP 3
-2
-adds definitions for button 5,
-removes the definitions for reserved events.
-The mask uses 29 bits.
-.RE
-.PP
-The order of the \fBMEVENT\fP structure members is not guaranteed.
+.SH NOTES
+The order of the \fB\%MEVENT\fP structure members is not guaranteed.
Additional fields may be added to the structure in the future.
.PP
-Under \fBncurses\fP(3X), these calls are implemented using either
-xterm's built-in mouse-tracking API or
+Under
+.I \%ncurses,
+these calls are implemented using either
+.IR \%xterm 's
+built-in mouse-tracking API or
platform-specific drivers including
.RS 3
.bP
.PP
If you are using an unsupported configuration,
mouse events will not be visible to
-\fBncurses\fP(3X) (and the \fBmousemask\fP function will always
+\fI\%ncurses\fP (and the \fB\%mousemask\fP function will always
return \fB0\fP).
.PP
-If the terminfo entry contains a \fBXM\fP string,
-this is used in the xterm mouse driver to control the
+If the
+.I \%term\%info
+entry contains a \fBXM\fP string,
+this is used in the
+.I \%xterm
+mouse driver to control the
way the terminal is initialized for mouse operation.
The default, if \fBXM\fP is not found,
-corresponds to private mode 1000 of xterm:
+corresponds to private mode 1000 of
+.I \%xterm:
.PP
.RS 3
-\\E[?1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
+\eE[?1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
.RE
.PP
-The mouse driver also recognizes a newer xterm private mode 1006, e.g.,
+The mouse driver also recognizes a newer
+.I \%xterm
+private mode 1006,
+e.g.,
.PP
.RS 3
-\\E[?1006;1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
+\eE[?1006;1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
.RE
.PP
The \fIz\fP member in the event structure is not presently used.
for use with touch screens (which may be pressure-sensitive) or with
3D-mice/trackballs/power gloves.
.PP
-The \fBALL_MOUSE_EVENTS\fP class does not include \fBREPORT_MOUSE_POSITION\fP.
+The \fB\%ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS\fP class does not
+include \fB\%REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION\fP.
They are distinct.
-For example, in xterm,
+For example,
+in
+.I \%xterm,
wheel/scrolling mice send position reports as a sequence of
presses of buttons 4 or 5 without matching button-releases.
-.SH BUGS
-Mouse events under xterm will not in fact be ignored during cooked mode,
-if they have been enabled by \fBmousemask\fP.
-Instead, the xterm mouse
-report sequence will appear in the string read.
+.SH EXTENSIONS
+These functions were designed for
+\fB\%ncurses\fP(3X),
+and are not found in SVr4
+.IR curses ,
+4.4BSD
+.IR curses ,
+or any other previous curses implementation.
+(SVr4
+.I curses
+did have a
+.I \%getmouse
+function,
+which took no argument and returned a different type.)
+.SH PORTABILITY
+Applications employing the
+.I \%ncurses
+mouse extension should condition its use on the visibility of the
+.B \%NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION
+preprocessor macro.
+When the interface changes,
+the macro's value increments.
+Multiple versions are available when
+.I \%ncurses
+is configured;
+see section \*(``ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS\*('' of \fB\%ncurses\fP(3X).
+The following values may be specified.
+.RS 3
+.TP 3
+1
+has definitions for reserved events.
+The mask uses 28 bits.
+.TP 3
+2
+adds definitions for button 5,
+removes the definitions for reserved events.
+The mask uses 29 bits.
+.RE
.PP
-Mouse events under xterm will not be detected correctly in a window with
-its keypad bit off, since they are interpreted as a variety of function key.
-Your terminfo description should have \fBkmous\fP set to \*(``\\E[M\*(''
-(the beginning of the response from xterm for mouse clicks).
-Other values for \fBkmous\fP are permitted,
-but under the same assumption,
-i.e., it is the beginning of the response.
+SVr4
+.I curses
+had support for the mouse in a variant of \fI\%xterm\fP(1).
+It is mentioned in a few places,
+with little supporting documentation.
+.bP
+Its \*(``libcurses\*('' manual page lists functions for this feature
+prototyped in \fI\%curses.h\fP.
.PP
-Because there are no standard terminal responses that would serve to identify
-terminals which support the xterm mouse protocol, \fBncurses\fP assumes that
-if \fBkmous\fP is defined in the terminal description,
-or if the terminal description's primary name or aliases
-contain the string \*(``xterm\*('',
+.RS 8
+.EX
+extern int mouse_set(long int);
+extern int mouse_on(long int);
+extern int mouse_off(long int);
+extern int request_mouse_pos(void);
+extern int map_button(unsigned long);
+extern void wmouse_position(WINDOW *, int *, int *);
+extern unsigned long getmouse(void), getbmap(void);
+.EE
+.RE
+.bP
+Its \*(``terminfo\*('' manual page lists capabilities for the feature.
+.\" These don't appear in in the SVID 4th edition, Volume 3,
+.\" terminfo(TI_ENV) man page. They can be found in, e.g., the "z/OS
+.\" V1R1.0 C Curses" book, Chapter 17, pp. 179-186 (PDF 213-220).
+.RS 8
+.TS
+Lb Lb Lb Lx.
+buttons btns BT T{
+Number of buttons on the mouse
+T}
+get_mouse getm Gm T{
+Curses should get button events
+T}
+key_mouse kmous Km T{
+0631, Mouse event has occurred
+T}
+mouse_info minfo Mi T{
+Mouse status information
+T}
+req_mouse_pos reqmp RQ T{
+Request mouse position report
+T}
+.TE
+.RE
+.bP
+The interface made assumptions
+(as does
+.IR \%ncurses )
+about the escape sequences sent to and received from the terminal.
+.IP
+For instance,
+the SVr4
+.I curses
+library used the \fB\%get_mouse\fP capability to tell the terminal which
+mouse button events it should send,
+passing the mouse-button bit mask to the terminal.
+Also, it could ask the terminal
+where the mouse was using the \fB\%req_mouse_pos\fP capability.
+.IP
+Those features required a terminal program that had been modified
+to work with SVr4
+.I curses.
+They were not part of the X Consortium's
+.I \%xterm.
+.PP
+When developing the
+.I \%xterm
+mouse support for
+.I \%ncurses
+in September 1995,
+Eric Raymond was uninterested in using the same interface due to its
+lack of documentation.
+Later, in 1998, Mark Hesseling provided support in
+.I \%PDCurses
+2.3 using the SVr4 interface.
+.I \%PDCurses,
+however,
+does not use video terminals,
+making it unnecessary to be concerned about compatibility with the
+escape sequences.
+.SH BUGS
+Mouse events from
+.I \%xterm
+are
+.I not
+ignored in cooked mode if they have been enabled by \fB\%mousemask\fP.
+Instead,
+the
+.I \%xterm
+mouse report sequence appears in the string read.
+.PP
+Mouse event reports from
+.I \%xterm
+are not detected correctly in a window with keypad application mode
+disabled,
+since they are interpreted as a variety of function key.
+Set the terminal's
+.I \%term\%info
+capability \fB\%kmous\fP to \*(``\eE[M\*(''
+(the beginning of the response from
+.I \%xterm
+for mouse clicks).
+Other values of \fB\%kmous\fP are permitted under the same assumption,
+that is,
+the report begins with that sequence.
+.PP
+Because there are no standard response sequences that serve to identify
+terminals supporting the
+.I \%xterm
+mouse protocol,
+.I \%ncurses
+assumes that if \fB\%kmous\fP is defined in the terminal description,
+or if the terminal type's primary name or aliases contain the string
+\%\*(``xterm\*('',
then the terminal may send mouse events.
-The \fBkmous\fP capability is checked first,
-allowing the use of newer xterm mouse protocols
-such as xterm's private mode 1006.
+The \fB\%kmous\fP capability is checked first,
+allowing use of newer
+.I \%xterm
+mouse protocols,
+such as its private mode 1006.
.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBcurses\fP(3X),
-\fBcurs_inopts\fP(3X),
-\fBcurs_kernel\fP(3X),
-\fBcurs_slk\fP(3X),
-\fBcurs_variables\fP(3X).
+\fB\%curses\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_inopts\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_kernel\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_slk\fP(3X),
+\fB\%curs_variables\fP(3X)
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