X-Git-Url: https://ncurses.scripts.mit.edu/?p=ncurses.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fhtml%2Fman%2Fcurs_util.3x.html;h=00b13c257c8f1e7eaac4fc2f9feb35c66bd6955b;hp=760298dc891aa64ecf8a7f0fd7a0a8234b99d999;hb=45766a7ed44677f18ccf230f9bd720862d7c69c8;hpb=55ccd2b959766810cf7db8d1c4462f338ce0afc8 diff --git a/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html b/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html index 760298dc..00b13c25 100644 --- a/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html +++ b/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ - +
+ +- curs_util(3x) curs_util(3x)-
+NAME
delay_output, filter, flushinp, getwin, key_name, keyname, - putwin, unctrl, use_env, wunctrl - miscellaneous curses - utility routines + nofilter, putwin, unctrl, use_env, use_tioctl, wunctrl - + miscellaneous curses utility routines-SYNOPSIS
+SYNOPSIS
#include <curses.h> char *unctrl(chtype c); - char *wunctrl(cchar_t *c); + wchar_t *wunctrl(cchar_t *c); char *keyname(int c); char *key_name(wchar_t w); void filter(void); + void nofilter(void); void use_env(bool f); + void use_tioctl(bool f); int putwin(WINDOW *win, FILE *filep); WINDOW *getwin(FILE *filep); int delay_output(int ms); @@ -69,119 +72,359 @@-DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
+ ++unctrl
The unctrl routine returns a character string which is a printable representation of the character c, ignoring at- tributes. Control characters are displayed in the ^X no- tation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The corresponding wunctrl returns a printable representation - of a wide-character. + of a wide character. + ++keyname/key_name
The keyname routine returns a character string correspond- - ing to the key c. Control characters are displayed in the - ^X notation. Values above 128 are either meta characters, - shown in the M-X notation, or the names of function keys, - or null. The corresponding key_name returns a character - string corresponding to the wide-character value w. The - two functions do not return the same set of strings; the - latter returns null where the former would display a meta - character. + ing to the key c: + + o Printable characters are displayed as themselves, + e.g., a one-character string containing the key. + + o Control characters are displayed in the ^X notation. + + o DEL (character 127) is displayed as ^?. + o Values above 128 are either meta characters (if the + screen has not been initialized, or if meta has been + called with a TRUE parameter), shown in the M-X nota- + tion, or are displayed as themselves. In the latter + case, the values may not be printable; this follows + the X/Open specification. + + o Values above 256 may be the names of the names of + function keys. + + o Otherwise (if there is no corresponding name) the + function returns null, to denote an error. X/Open al- + so lists an "UNKNOWN KEY" return value, which some im- + plementations return rather than null. + + The corresponding key_name returns a character string cor- + responding to the wide-character value w. The two func- + tions do not return the same set of strings; the latter + returns null where the former would display a meta charac- + ter. + + ++filter/nofilter
The filter routine, if used, must be called before initscr - or newterm are called. The effect is that, during those - calls, LINES is set to 1; the capabilities clear, cup, - cud, cud1, cuu1, cuu, vpa are disabled; and the home + or newterm are called. The effect is that, during those + calls, LINES is set to 1; the capabilities clear, cup, + cud, cud1, cuu1, cuu, vpa are disabled; and the home string is set to the value of cr. - The use_env routine, if used, is called before initscr or - newterm are called. When called with FALSE as an argu- - ment, the values of lines and columns specified in the - terminfo database will be used, even if environment vari- - ables LINES and COLUMNS (used by default) are set, or if - curses is running in a window (in which case default be- - havior would be to use the window size if LINES and - COLUMNS are not set). Note that setting LINES or COLUMNS - overrides the corresponding size which may be obtained - from the operating system. - - The putwin routine writes all data associated with window - win into the file to which filep points. This information - can be later retrieved using the getwin function. + The nofilter routine cancels the effect of a preceding + filter call. That allows the caller to initialize a + screen on a different device, using a different value of + $TERM. The limitation arises because the filter routine + modifies the in-memory copy of the terminal information. + + ++use_env
+ The use_env routine, if used, should be called before + initscr or newterm are called (because those compute the + screen size). It modifies the way ncurses treats environ- + ment variables when determining the screen size. + + o Normally ncurses looks first at the terminal database + for the screen size. + + If use_env was called with FALSE for parameter, it + stops here unless If use_tioctl was also called with + TRUE for parameter. + + o Then it asks for the screen size via operating system + calls. If successful, it overrides the values from + the terminal database. + + o Finally (unless use_env was called with FALSE parame- + ter), ncurses examines the LINES or COLUMNS environ- + ment variables, using a value in those to override the + results from the operating system or terminal data- + base. + + Ncurses also updates the screen size in response to + SIGWINCH, unless overridden by the LINES or COLUMNS + environment variables, + + ++use_tioctl
+ The use_tioctl routine, if used, should be called before + initscr or newterm are called (because those compute the + screen size). After use_tioctl is called with TRUE as an + argument, ncurses modifies the last step in its computa- + tion of screen size as follows: + + o checks if the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables + are set to a number greater than zero. + + o for each, ncurses updates the corresponding environ- + ment variable with the value that it has obtained via + operating system call or from the terminal database. + + o ncurses re-fetches the value of the environment vari- + ables so that it is still the environment variables + which set the screen size. + + The use_env and use_tioctl routines combine as summarized + here: + + use_env use_tioctl Summary + ---------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + TRUE FALSE This is the default behavior. ncurses + uses operating system calls unless over- + ridden by $LINES or $COLUMNS environment + variables. + TRUE TRUE ncurses updates $LINES and $COLUMNS + based on operating system calls. + FALSE TRUE ncurses ignores $LINES and $COLUMNS, us- + es operating system calls to obtain + size. + FALSE FALSE ncurses relies on the terminal database + to determine size. + + ++putwin/getwin
+ The putwin routine writes all data associated with window + (or pad) win into the file to which filep points. This + information can be later retrieved using the getwin func- + tion. The getwin routine reads window related data stored in the file by putwin. The routine then creates and initializes a new window using that data. It returns a pointer to the - new window. + new window. There are a few caveats: + + o the data written is a copy of the WINDOW structure, + and its associated character cells. The format dif- + fers between the wide-character (ncursesw) and non- + wide (ncurses) libraries. You can transfer data be- + tween the two, however. + + o the retrieved window is always created as a top-level + window (or pad), rather than a subwindow. + + o the window's character cells contain the color pair + value, but not the actual color numbers. If cells in + the retrieved window use color pairs which have not + been created in the application using init_pair, they + will not be colored when the window is refreshed. - The delay_output routine inserts an ms millisecond pause - in output. This routine should not be used extensively - because padding characters are used rather than a CPU - pause. If no padding character is specified, this uses + ++delay_output
+ The delay_output routine inserts an ms millisecond pause + in output. This routine should not be used extensively + because padding characters are used rather than a CPU + pause. If no padding character is specified, this uses napms to perform the delay. - The flushinp routine throws away any typeahead that has - been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the + ++flushinp
+ The flushinp routine throws away any typeahead that has + been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the program.-RETURN VALUE
- Except for flushinp, routines that return an integer re- - turn ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an in- +RETURN VALUE
+ Except for flushinp, routines that return an integer re- + turn ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an in- teger value other than ERR") upon successful completion. Routines that return pointers return NULL on error. - X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this im- + X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this im- plementation - flushinp - returns an error if the terminal was not ini- - tialized. + flushinp + returns an error if the terminal was not initial- + ized. + + meta returns an error if the terminal was not initial- + ized. - putwin - returns an error if the associated fwrite - calls return an error. + putwin + returns an error if the associated fwrite calls + return an error.-PORTABILITY
- The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func- - tions. It states that unctrl and wunctrl will return a - null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any er- - ror conditions. +PORTABILITY
++filter
The SVr4 documentation describes the action of filter only - in the vaguest terms. The description here is adapted - from the XSI Curses standard (which erroneously fails to + in the vaguest terms. The description here is adapted + from the XSI Curses standard (which erroneously fails to describe the disabling of cuu). - The strings returned by unctrl in this implementation are - determined at compile time, showing C1 controls from the - upper-128 codes with a `~' prefix rather than `^'. Other - implementations typically show both sets of control char- - acters with `^', and may strip the parameter to 7 bits. - This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify the - string to reflect locale. - The keyname function may return the names of user-defined - string capabilities which are defined in the terminfo en- - try via the -x option of tic. ++keyname
+ The keyname function may return the names of user-defined + string capabilities which are defined in the terminfo en- + try via the -x option of tic. This implementation auto- + matically assigns at run-time keycodes to user-defined + strings which begin with "k". The keycodes start at + KEY_MAX, but are not guaranteed to be the same value for + different runs because user-defined codes are merged from + all terminal descriptions which have been loaded. The + use_extended_names function controls whether this data is + loaded when the terminal description is read by the li- + brary. + + ++nofilter/use_tioctl
+ The nofilter and use_tioctl routines are specific to + ncurses. They were not supported on Version 7, BSD or + System V implementations. It is recommended that any code + depending on ncurses extensions be conditioned using + NCURSES_VERSION. + + ++putwin/getwin
+ The putwin and getwin functions have several issues with + portability: + + o The files written and read by these functions use an + implementation-specific format. Although the format + is an obvious target for standardization, it has been + overlooked. + + Interestingly enough, according to the copyright dates + in Solaris source, the functions (along with scr_init, + etc.) originated with the University of California, + Berkeley (in 1982) and were later (in 1988) incorpo- + rated into SVr4. Oddly, there are no such functions + in the 4.3BSD curses sources. + + o Most implementations simply dump the binary WINDOW + structure to the file. These include SVr4 curses, + NetBSD and PDCurses, as well as older ncurses ver- + sions. This implementation (as well as the X/Open + variant of Solaris curses, dated 1995) uses textual + dumps. + + The implementations which use binary dumps use block- + I/O (the fwrite and fread functions). Those that use + textual dumps use buffered-I/O. A few applications + may happen to write extra data in the file using these + functions. Doing that can run into problems mixing + block- and buffered-I/O. This implementation reduces + the problem on writes by flushing the output. Howev- + er, reading from a file written using mixed schemes + may not be successful. + + ++unctrl/wunctrl
+ The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func- + tions. It states that unctrl and wunctrl will return a + null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any er- + ror conditions. This implementation checks for three cas- + es: + + o the parameter is a 7-bit US-ASCII code. This is the + case that X/Open Curses documented. + + o the parameter is in the range 128-159, i.e., a C1 con- + trol code. If use_legacy_coding has been called with + a 2 parameter, unctrl returns the parameter, i.e., a + one-character string with the parameter as the first + character. Otherwise, it returns "~@", "~A", etc., + analogous to "^@", "^A", C0 controls. + + X/Open Curses does not document whether unctrl can be + called before initializing curses. This implementa- + tion permits that, and returns the "~@", etc., values + in that case. + + o parameter values outside the 0 to 255 range. unctrl + returns a null pointer. + + The strings returned by unctrl in this implementation are + determined at compile time, showing C1 controls from the + upper-128 codes with a `~' prefix rather than `^'. Other + implementations have different conventions. For example, + they may show both sets of control characters with `^', + and strip the parameter to 7 bits. Or they may ignore C1 + controls and treat all of the upper-128 codes as print- + able. This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify + the string to reflect locale. The use_legacy_coding func- + tion allows the caller to change the output of unctrl. + + Likewise, the meta function allows the caller to change + the output of keyname, i.e., it determines whether to use + the `M-' prefix for "meta" keys (codes in the range 128 to + 255). Both use_legacy_coding and meta succeed only after + curses is initialized. X/Open Curses does not document + the treatment of codes 128 to 159. When treating them as + "meta" keys (or if keyname is called before initializing + curses), this implementation returns strings "M-^@", + "M-^A", etc.-SEE ALSO
- curses(3x), curs_initscr(3x), curs_kernel(3x), - curs_scr_dump(3x). +SEE ALSO
+ legacy_coding(3x), curses(3x), curs_initscr(3x), curs_ker- + nel(3x), curs_scr_dump(3x), curs_variables(3x), lega- + cy_coding(3x). curs_util(3x)-
- -Man(1) output converted with -man2html - +