X-Git-Url: https://ncurses.scripts.mit.edu/?p=ncurses.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fhtml%2Fman%2Fcurs_util.3x.html;h=9ae2f4195439220585b578e0585e81cf9311abc6;hp=0fed7678fc28f6d363f73c3d0c3149d79dd20ae3;hb=e6f4ffe150c7d919792f29a70b4f031cfab5ef06;hpb=46722468f47c2b77b3987729b4bcf2321cccfd01
diff --git a/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html b/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html
index 0fed7678..9ae2f419 100644
--- a/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html
+++ b/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-
+
@@ -40,12 +41,16 @@
+curs_util(3x) curs_util(3x)
+
+
+
NAME
delay_output, filter, flushinp, getwin, key_name, keyname,
- putwin, unctrl, use_env, wunctrl - miscellaneous curses
- utility routines
+ nofilter, putwin, unctrl, use_env, use_tioctl, wunctrl -
+ miscellaneous curses utility routines
@@ -53,11 +58,13 @@
#include <curses.h>
char *unctrl(chtype c);
- char *wunctrl(wchar_t w);
+ wchar_t *wunctrl(cchar_t *c);
char *keyname(int c);
char *key_name(wchar_t w);
void filter(void);
+ void nofilter(void);
void use_env(bool f);
+ void use_tioctl(bool f);
int putwin(WINDOW *win, FILE *filep);
WINDOW *getwin(FILE *filep);
int delay_output(int ms);
@@ -67,21 +74,43 @@
DESCRIPTION
The unctrl routine returns a character string which is a
- printable representation of the character c, ignoring
- attributes. Control characters are displayed in the ^X
- notation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The
+ printable representation of the character c, ignoring at-
+ tributes. Control characters are displayed in the ^X no-
+ tation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The
corresponding wunctrl returns a printable representation
- of a wide-character.
+ of a wide character.
The keyname routine returns a character string correspond-
- ing to the key c. Control characters are displayed in the
- ^X notation. Values above 128 are either meta characters,
- shown in the M-X notation, or the names of function keys,
- or null. The corresponding key_name returns a character
- string corresponding to the wide-character value w. The
- two functions do not return the same set of strings; the
- latter returns null where the former would display a meta
- character.
+ ing to the key c:
+
+ o Printable characters are displayed as themselves,
+ e.g., a one-character string containing the key.
+
+ o Control characters are displayed in the ^X nota-
+ tion.
+
+ o DEL (character 127) is displayed as ^?.
+
+ o Values above 128 are either meta characters (if the
+ screen has not been initialized, or if meta has
+ been called with a TRUE parameter), shown in the
+ M-X notation, or are displayed as themselves. In
+ the latter case, the values may not be printable;
+ this follows the X/Open specification.
+
+ o Values above 256 may be the names of the names of
+ function keys.
+
+ o Otherwise (if there is no corresponding name) the
+ function returns null, to denote an error. X/Open
+ also lists an "UNKNOWN KEY" return value, which
+ some implementations return rather than null.
+
+ The corresponding key_name returns a character string cor-
+ responding to the wide-character value w. The two func-
+ tions do not return the same set of strings; the latter
+ returns null where the former would display a meta charac-
+ ter.
The filter routine, if used, must be called before initscr
or newterm are called. The effect is that, during those
@@ -89,14 +118,72 @@
cud, cud1, cuu1, cuu, vpa are disabled; and the home
string is set to the value of cr.
- The use_env routine, if used, is called before initscr or
- newterm are called. When called with FALSE as an argu-
- ment, the values of lines and columns specified in the
- terminfo database will be used, even if environment vari-
- ables LINES and COLUMNS (used by default) are set, or if
- curses is running in a window (in which case default
- behavior would be to use the window size if LINES and
- COLUMNS are not set).
+ The nofilter routine cancels the effect of a preceding
+ filter call. That allows the caller to initialize a
+ screen on a different device, using a different value of
+ $TERM. The limitation arises because the filter routine
+ modifies the in-memory copy of the terminal information.
+
+ The use_env routine, if used, should be called before
+ initscr or newterm are called (because those compute the
+ screen size). It modifies the way ncurses treats environ-
+ ment variables when determining the screen size.
+
+ o Normally ncurses looks first at the terminal database
+ for the screen size.
+
+ If use_env was called with FALSE for parameter, it
+ stops here unless If use_tioctl was also called with
+ TRUE for parameter.
+
+ o Then it asks for the screen size via operating system
+ calls. If successful, it overrides the values from
+ the terminal database.
+
+ o Finally (unless use_env was called with FALSE parame-
+ ter), ncurses examines the LINES or COLUMNS environ-
+ ment variables, using a value in those to override the
+ results from the operating system or terminal data-
+ base.
+
+ Ncurses also updates the screen size in response to
+ SIGWINCH, unless overridden by the LINES or COLUMNS
+ environment variables,
+
+ The use_tioctl routine, if used, should be called before
+ initscr or newterm are called (because those compute the
+ screen size). After use_tioctl is called with TRUE as an
+ argument, ncurses modifies the last step in its computa-
+ tion of screen size as follows:
+
+ o checks if the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables
+ are set to a number greater than zero.
+
+ o for each, ncurses updates the corresponding environ-
+ ment variable with the value that it has obtained via
+ operating system call or from the terminal database.
+
+ o ncurses re-fetches the value of the environment vari-
+ ables so that it is still the environment variables
+ which set the screen size.
+
+ The use_env and use_tioctl routines combine as summarized
+ here:
+
+ use_env use_tioctl Summary
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ TRUE FALSE This is the default behavior. ncurses
+ uses operating system calls unless over-
+ ridden by $LINES or $COLUMNS environment
+ variables.
+ TRUE TRUE ncurses updates $LINES and $COLUMNS
+ based on operating system calls.
+
+ FALSE TRUE ncurses ignores $LINES and $COLUMNS, us-
+ es operating system calls to obtain
+ size.
+ FALSE FALSE ncurses relies on the terminal database
+ to determine size.
The putwin routine writes all data associated with window
win into the file to which filep points. This information
@@ -110,56 +197,118 @@
The delay_output routine inserts an ms millisecond pause
in output. This routine should not be used extensively
because padding characters are used rather than a CPU
- pause.
+ pause. If no padding character is specified, this uses
+ napms to perform the delay.
- The flushinp routine throws away any typeahead that has
- been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the
+ The flushinp routine throws away any typeahead that has
+ been typed by the user and has not yet been read by the
program.
RETURN VALUE
- Except for flushinp, routines that return an integer
- return ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an
- integer value other than ERR") upon successful completion.
-
- flushinp always returns OK.
+ Except for flushinp, routines that return an integer re-
+ turn ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an in-
+ teger value other than ERR") upon successful completion.
Routines that return pointers return NULL on error.
+ X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this im-
+ plementation
+
+ flushinp
+ returns an error if the terminal was not initial-
+ ized.
+
+ meta returns an error if the terminal was not initial-
+ ized.
+
+ putwin
+ returns an error if the associated fwrite calls
+ return an error.
+
PORTABILITY
The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
tions. It states that unctrl and wunctrl will return a
- null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any
- error conditions.
+ null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any er-
+ ror conditions. This implementation checks for three cas-
+ es:
+
+ o the parameter is a 7-bit US-ASCII code. This is
+ the case that X/Open Curses documented.
+
+ o the parameter is in the range 128-159, i.e., a C1
+ control code. If use_legacy_coding has been called
+ with a 2 parameter, unctrl returns the parameter,
+ i.e., a one-character string with the parameter as
+ the first character. Otherwise, it returns ``~@'',
+ ``~A'', etc., analogous to ``^@'', ``^A'', C0 con-
+ trols.
+
+ X/Open Curses does not document whether unctrl can
+ be called before initializing curses. This imple-
+ mentation permits that, and returns the ``~@'',
+ etc., values in that case.
+
+ o parameter values outside the 0 to 255 range. unc-
+ trl returns a null pointer.
The SVr4 documentation describes the action of filter only
in the vaguest terms. The description here is adapted
from the XSI Curses standard (which erroneously fails to
describe the disabling of cuu).
+ The strings returned by unctrl in this implementation are
+ determined at compile time, showing C1 controls from the
+ upper-128 codes with a `~' prefix rather than `^'. Other
+ implementations have different conventions. For example,
+ they may show both sets of control characters with `^',
+ and strip the parameter to 7 bits. Or they may ignore C1
+ controls and treat all of the upper-128 codes as print-
+ able. This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify
+ the string to reflect locale. The use_legacy_coding func-
+ tion allows the caller to change the output of unctrl.
+
+ Likewise, the meta function allows the caller to change
+ the output of keyname, i.e., it determines whether to use
+ the `M-' prefix for ``meta'' keys (codes in the range 128
+ to 255). Both use_legacy_coding and meta succeed only af-
+ ter curses is initialized. X/Open Curses does not docu-
+ ment the treatment of codes 128 to 159. When treating
+ them as ``meta'' keys (or if keyname is called before ini-
+ tializing curses), this implementation returns strings
+ ``M-^@'', ``M-^A'', etc.
+
+ The keyname function may return the names of user-defined
+ string capabilities which are defined in the terminfo en-
+ try via the -x option of tic. This implementation auto-
+ matically assigns at run-time keycodes to user-defined
+ strings which begin with "k". The keycodes start at
+ KEY_MAX, but are not guaranteed to be the same value for
+ different runs because user-defined codes are merged from
+ all terminal descriptions which have been loaded. The
+ use_extended_names function controls whether this data is
+ loaded when the terminal description is read by the li-
+ brary.
+
+ The nofilter and use_tioctl routines are specific to
+ ncurses. They were not supported on Version 7, BSD or
+ System V implementations. It is recommended that any code
+ depending on ncurses extensions be conditioned using
+ NCURSES_VERSION.
+
SEE ALSO
- curses(3x), curs_initscr(3x), curs_scr_dump(3x).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ legacy_coding(3x), curses(3x), curs_initscr(3x), curs_ker-
+ nel(3x), curs_scr_dump(3x), curs_variables(3x), lega-
+ cy_coding(3x).
+ curs_util(3x)