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31 * @Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.20 2002/08/10 22:12:36 tom Exp @
35 <TITLE>curs_addch 3x</TITLE>
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40 <H1>curs_addch 3x</H1>
43 <!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
47 <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>echochar</STRONG>, <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> -
48 add a character (with attributes) to a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> window, then
53 <H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
54 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
56 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>addch(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
57 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>waddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
58 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvaddch(int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
59 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwaddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
60 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echochar(const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
61 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
65 <H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
66 The <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG> and <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG> routines put the
67 character <EM>ch</EM> into the given window at its current window
68 position, which is then advanced. They are analogous to
69 <STRONG>putchar</STRONG> in <STRONG><A HREF="stdio.3.html">stdio(3)</A></STRONG>. If the advance is at the right mar-
70 gin, the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of
71 the next line. At the bottom of the current scrolling
72 region, if <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> is enabled, the scrolling region is
75 If <EM>ch</EM> is a tab, newline, or backspace, the cursor is moved
76 appropriately within the window. Backspace moves the cur-
77 sor one character left; at the left edge of a window it
78 does nothing. Newline does a <STRONG>clrtoeol</STRONG>, then moves the
79 cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
80 scrolling the window if on the last line). Tabs are con-
81 sidered to be at every eighth column. The tab interval
82 may be altered by setting the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> variable.
84 If <EM>ch</EM> is any control character other than tab, newline, or
85 backspace, it is drawn in <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation. Calling <STRONG>winch</STRONG>
86 after adding a control character does not return the char-
87 acter itself, but instead returns the ^-representation of
88 the control character.
90 Video attributes can be combined with a character argument
91 passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> or related functions by logical-ORing them
92 into the character. (Thus, text, including attributes,
93 can be copied from one place to another using <STRONG>inch</STRONG> and
94 <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.). See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> page for values of prede-
95 fined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
98 The <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> routines are equivalent to a
99 call to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, or a call to
100 <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>. The knowledge that
101 only a single character is being output is used and, for
102 non-control characters, a considerable performance gain
103 may be seen by using these routines instead of their
106 <STRONG>Line</STRONG> <STRONG>Graphics</STRONG>
107 The following variables may be used to add line drawing
108 characters to the screen with routines of the <STRONG>addch</STRONG> fam-
109 ily. The default character listed below is used if the
110 <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capability doesn't define a terminal-specific
111 replacement for it (but see the EXTENSIONS section below).
112 The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
114 <EM>Name</EM> <EM>Default</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
115 --------------------------------------------------
116 ACS_BLOCK # solid square block
117 ACS_BOARD # board of squares
118 ACS_BTEE + bottom tee
120 ACS_CKBOARD : checker board (stipple)
121 ACS_DARROW v arrow pointing down
122 ACS_DEGREE ' degree symbol
123 ACS_DIAMOND + diamond
124 ACS_GEQUAL > greater-than-or-equal-to
125 ACS_HLINE - horizontal line
126 ACS_LANTERN # lantern symbol
127 ACS_LARROW < arrow pointing left
128 ACS_LEQUAL < less-than-or-equal-to
129 ACS_LLCORNER + lower left-hand corner
130 ACS_LRCORNER + lower right-hand corner
132 ACS_NEQUAL ! not-equal
134 ACS_PLMINUS # plus/minus
136 ACS_RARROW > arrow pointing right
142 ACS_STERLING f pound-sterling symbol
144 ACS_UARROW ^ arrow pointing up
145 ACS_ULCORNER + upper left-hand corner
146 ACS_URCORNER + upper right-hand corner
147 ACS_VLINE | vertical line
152 <H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
153 All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on
154 success (the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value
155 other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless other-
156 wise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
161 Note that <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> may be
166 <H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
167 All these functions are described in the XSI Curses stan-
168 dard, Issue 4. The defaults specified for forms-drawing
169 characters apply in the POSIX locale.
171 Some ACS symbols (ACS_S3, ACS_S7, ACS_LEQUAL, ACS_GEQUAL,
172 ACS_PI, ACS_NEQUAL, ACS_STERLING) were not documented in
173 any publicly released System V. However, many publicly
174 available terminfos include <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> strings in which their
175 key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a second-hand
176 list of their character descriptions has come to light.
177 The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for
178 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
180 The <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> variable is implemented in some versions of
181 curses, but is not part of X/Open curses.
185 <H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
186 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
187 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="putc.3S.html">putc(3S)</A></STRONG>.
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