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29 * @Id: curs_pad.3x,v 1.25 2018/07/28 22:20:54 tom Exp @
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41 <H1 class="no-header">curs_pad 3x</H1>
43 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
48 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
49 <STRONG>newpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>subpad</STRONG>, <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>, <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG> - create
50 and display <STRONG>curses</STRONG> pads
53 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
54 <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
56 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*newpad(int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
57 <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*subpad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>orig</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>nlines</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>ncols</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
58 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>x</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
59 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>prefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pmincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
60 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>sminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
61 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pnoutrefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>pmincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
62 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>sminrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smincol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>smaxcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
63 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
64 <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>pecho_wchar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pad</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
67 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
69 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-newpad">newpad</a></H3><PRE>
70 The <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a new pad data
71 structure with the given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>, and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>.
72 A pad is like a window, except that it is not restricted by the screen
73 size, and is not necessarily associated with a particular part of the
74 screen. Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a
75 part of the window will be on the screen at one time. Automatic re-
76 freshes of pads (e.g., from scrolling or echoing of input) do not oc-
79 It is not legal to call <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> with a <EM>pad</EM> as an argument; the rou-
80 tines <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> or <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> should be called instead. Note that
81 these routines require additional parameters to specify the part of the
82 pad to be displayed and the location on the screen to be used for the
86 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-subpad">subpad</a></H3><PRE>
87 The <STRONG>subpad</STRONG> routine creates and returns a pointer to a subwindow within
88 a pad with the given number of lines, <EM>nlines</EM>, and columns, <EM>ncols</EM>. Un-
89 like <STRONG>subwin</STRONG>, which uses screen coordinates, the window is at position
90 (<EM>begin</EM>_<EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <EM>begin</EM>_<EM>y</EM>) on the pad. The window is made in the middle of the
91 window <EM>orig</EM>, so that changes made to one window affect both windows.
92 During the use of this routine, it will often be necessary to call
93 <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>touchline</STRONG> on <EM>orig</EM> before calling <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.
96 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-prefresh_-pnoutrefresh">prefresh, pnoutrefresh</a></H3><PRE>
97 The <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> routines are analogous to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> and
98 <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> except that they relate to pads instead of windows. The
99 additional parameters are needed to indicate what part of the pad and
102 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>pminrow</EM> and <EM>pmincol</EM> parameters specify the upper left-hand cor-
103 ner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad.
105 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>sminrow</EM>, <EM>smincol</EM>, <EM>smaxrow</EM>, and <EM>smaxcol</EM> parameters specify the
106 edges of the rectangle to be displayed on the screen.
108 The lower right-hand corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad
109 is calculated from the screen coordinates, since the rectangles must be
110 the same size. Both rectangles must be entirely contained within their
111 respective structures. Negative values of <EM>pminrow</EM>, <EM>pmincol</EM>, <EM>sminrow</EM>,
112 or <EM>smincol</EM> are treated as if they were zero.
115 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-pechochar">pechochar</a></H3><PRE>
116 The <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> routine is functionally equivalent to a call to <STRONG>addch</STRONG>
117 followed by a call to <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, a call to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> followed by a call
118 to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, or a call to <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>. The
119 knowledge that only a single character is being output is taken into
120 consideration and, for non-control characters, a considerable perfor-
121 mance gain might be seen by using these routines instead of their
122 equivalents. In the case of <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>, the last location of the pad on
123 the screen is reused for the arguments to <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG>.
126 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-pecho_wchar">pecho_wchar</a></H3><PRE>
127 The <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG> function is the analogous wide-character form of <STRONG>pe-</STRONG>
128 <STRONG>chochar</STRONG>. It outputs one character to a pad and immediately refreshes
129 the pad. It does this by a call to <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>pre-</STRONG>
130 <STRONG>fresh</STRONG>.
133 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
134 Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4
135 only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful com-
138 Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error, and set <STRONG>errno</STRONG> to
139 <STRONG>ENOMEM</STRONG>.
141 X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this implementation
143 <STRONG>prefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>
144 return an error if the window pointer is null, or if the window
145 is not really a pad or if the area to refresh extends off-
146 screen or if the minimum coordinates are greater than the maxi-
149 <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG>
150 returns an error if the window is not really a pad, and the as-
151 sociated call to <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> returns an error.
153 <STRONG>pecho_wchar</STRONG>
154 returns an error if the window is not really a pad, and the as-
155 sociated call to <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG> returns an error.
158 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
159 Note that <STRONG>pechochar</STRONG> may be a macro.
162 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
163 BSD curses has no <EM>pad</EM> feature.
165 SVr2 curses (1986) provided the <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> and related functions, document-
166 ing them in a single line each. SVr3 (1987) provided more extensive
169 The documentation does not explain the term <EM>pad</EM>. However, the Apollo
170 <EM>Aegis</EM> workstation operating system supported a graphical <EM>pad</EM> feature:
172 <STRONG>o</STRONG> These graphical pads could be much larger than the computer's dis-
175 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The read-only output from a command could be scrolled back to in-
176 spect, and select text from the pad.
178 The two uses may be related.
180 The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions, without
181 significant change from the SVr3 documentation. It describes no error
182 conditions. The behavior of <STRONG>subpad</STRONG> if the parent window is not a pad
183 is undocumented, and is not checked by the vendor Unix implementations:
185 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4 curses sets a flag in the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> structure in <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> which
186 tells if the window is a <EM>pad</EM>.
188 However, it uses this information only in <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> (to decide if it
189 should call <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>) and <STRONG>wscrl</STRONG> (to avoid scrolling a pad), and
190 does not check in <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> to ensure that the pad is refreshed
193 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris X/Open Curses checks if a window is a pad in <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG>,
194 returning <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> in that case.
196 However, it only sets the flag for subwindows if the parent window
197 is a pad. Its <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> function does not set this information. Con-
198 sequently, the check will never fail.
200 It makes no comparable check in <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>, though interestingly
201 enough, a comment in the source code states that the lack of a
202 check was an MKS extension.
204 <STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD 7 curses sets a flag in the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> structure for <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> and
205 <STRONG>subpad</STRONG>, using this to help with the distinction between <STRONG>wnoutre-</STRONG>
206 <STRONG>fresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG>.
208 It does not check for the case where a subwindow is created in a
209 pad using <STRONG>subwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>derwin</STRONG>.
211 The <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG> function returns a regular window when duplicating a
212 pad. Likewise, <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> always returns a window, even if the saved
217 <STRONG>o</STRONG> sets a flag in the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> structure for <STRONG>newpad</STRONG> and <STRONG>subpad</STRONG>,
219 <STRONG>o</STRONG> allows a <STRONG>subwin</STRONG> or <STRONG>derwin</STRONG> call to succeed having a pad parent by
220 forcing the subwindow to be a pad,
222 <STRONG>o</STRONG> checks in both <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>pnoutrefresh</STRONG> to ensure that pads
223 and windows are handled distinctly, and
225 <STRONG>o</STRONG> ensures that <STRONG>dupwin</STRONG> and <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> treat pads versus windows consis-
229 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
230 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
234 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
238 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
239 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
240 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
242 <li><a href="#h3-newpad">newpad</a></li>
243 <li><a href="#h3-subpad">subpad</a></li>
244 <li><a href="#h3-prefresh_-pnoutrefresh">prefresh, pnoutrefresh</a></li>
245 <li><a href="#h3-pechochar">pechochar</a></li>
246 <li><a href="#h3-pecho_wchar">pecho_wchar</a></li>
249 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
250 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
251 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
252 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>