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42 <H1 class="no-header">tput 1</H1>
44 <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
49 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
50 <STRONG>tput</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset</STRONG> - initialize a terminal or query terminfo
54 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
55 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <EM>capname</EM> [<EM>parameters</EM>]
56 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
57 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>init</STRONG>
58 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
59 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> [<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>] <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
60 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<</STRONG>
61 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-V</STRONG>
64 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
65 The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility uses the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to make the
66 values of terminal-dependent capabilities and information
67 available to the shell (see <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>), to initialize or reset
68 the terminal, or return the long name of the requested
69 terminal type. The result depends upon the capability's
73 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the string to the standard output. No
74 trailing newline is supplied.
77 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> writes the decimal value to the standard out-
78 put, with a trailing newline.
81 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> simply sets the exit code (<STRONG>0</STRONG> for TRUE if the
82 terminal has the capability, <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE if it
83 does not), and writes nothing to the standard out-
86 Before using a value returned on the standard output, the
87 application should test the exit code (e.g., <STRONG>$?</STRONG>, see
88 <STRONG>sh(1)</STRONG>) to be sure it is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. (See the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> and <STRONG>DIAG-</STRONG>
89 <STRONG>NOSTICS</STRONG> sections.) For a complete list of capabilities
90 and the <EM>capname</EM> associated with each, see <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
93 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Options">Options</a></H3><PRE>
94 <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> indicates the <EM>type</EM> of terminal. Normally this
95 option is unnecessary, because the default is taken
96 from the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. If <STRONG>-T</STRONG> is spec-
97 ified, then the shell variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
100 <STRONG>-S</STRONG> allows more than one capability per invocation of
101 <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. The capabilities must be passed to <STRONG>tput</STRONG> from
102 the standard input instead of from the command line
103 (see example). Only one <EM>capname</EM> is allowed per
104 line. The <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option changes the meaning of the <STRONG>0</STRONG>
105 and <STRONG>1</STRONG> boolean and string exit codes (see the EXIT
108 Again, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a table and the presence of param-
109 eters in its input to decide whether to use
110 <STRONG><A HREF="tparm.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG>, and how to interpret the parameters.
112 <STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of ncurses which was used in
113 this program, and exits.
116 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Commands">Commands</a></H3><PRE>
118 indicates the capability from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> data-
119 base. When <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> support is compiled in, the
120 <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> name for the capability is also accepted.
122 If the capability is a string that takes parame-
123 ters, the arguments following the capability will
124 be used as parameters for the string.
126 Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminfo
127 capabilities require string parameters; <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses a
128 table to decide which to pass as strings. Normally
129 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> uses <STRONG><A HREF="tparm.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> to perform the substitution.
130 If no parameters are given for the capability, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
131 writes the string without performing the substitu-
134 <STRONG>init</STRONG> If the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database is present and an entry
135 for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM>, above),
136 the following will occur:
138 (1) if present, the terminal's initialization
139 strings will be output as detailed in the <STRONG>ter-</STRONG>
140 <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">minfo(5)</A></STRONG> section on <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>,
142 (2) any delays (e.g., newline) specified in the
143 entry will be set in the tty driver,
145 (3) tabs expansion will be turned on or off
146 according to the specification in the entry,
149 (4) if tabs are not expanded, standard tabs will
150 be set (every 8 spaces).
152 If an entry does not contain the information needed
153 for any of these activities, that activity will
156 <STRONG>reset</STRONG> Instead of putting out initialization strings, the
157 terminal's reset strings will be output if present
158 (<STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG>). If the reset strings are not
159 present, but initialization strings are, the ini-
160 tialization strings will be output. Otherwise,
161 <STRONG>reset</STRONG> acts identically to <STRONG>init</STRONG>.
163 <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
164 If the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database is present and an entry
165 for the user's terminal exists (see <STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>type</EM> above),
166 then the long name of the terminal will be put out.
167 The long name is the last name in the first line of
168 the terminal's description in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
169 [see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>].
172 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></H3><PRE>
173 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> handles the <STRONG>clear</STRONG>, <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands specially:
174 it allows for the possibility that it is invoked by a link
177 If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG>, this has the
178 same effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG> utility also
179 treats a link named <STRONG>reset</STRONG> specially.
181 Before ncurses 6.1, the two utilities were different from
184 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tset</STRONG> utility reset the terminal modes and special
185 characters (not done with <STRONG>tput</STRONG>).
187 <STRONG>o</STRONG> On the other hand, <STRONG>tset</STRONG>'s repertoire of terminal capa-
188 bilities for resetting the terminal was more limited,
189 i.e., only <STRONG>reset_1string</STRONG>, <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG>
190 in contrast to the tab-stops and margins which are set
193 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program is usually an alias for <STRONG>tset</STRONG>,
194 because of this difference with resetting terminal
195 modes and special characters.
197 If <STRONG>tput</STRONG> is invoked by a link named <STRONG>init</STRONG>, this has the same
198 effect as <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>. Again, you are less likely to use
199 that link because another program named <STRONG>init</STRONG> has a more
200 well-established use.
203 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></H2><PRE>
204 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG>
205 Initialize the terminal according to the type of ter-
206 minal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. This com-
207 mand should be included in everyone's .profile after
208 the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> has been exported, as
209 illustrated on the <STRONG>profile(5)</STRONG> manual page.
211 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T5620</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
212 Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of
213 terminal in the environmental variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
215 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG> <STRONG>0</STRONG>
216 Send the sequence to move the cursor to row <STRONG>0</STRONG>, column
217 <STRONG>0</STRONG> (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known
218 as the "home" cursor position).
220 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
221 Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current termi-
224 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
225 Print the number of columns for the current terminal.
227 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
228 Print the number of columns for the 450 terminal.
230 <STRONG>bold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>smso`</STRONG> <STRONG>offbold=`tput</STRONG> <STRONG>rmso`</STRONG>
231 Set the shell variables <STRONG>bold</STRONG>, to begin stand-out mode
232 sequence, and <STRONG>offbold</STRONG>, to end standout mode sequence,
233 for the current terminal. This might be followed by
234 a prompt: <STRONG>echo</STRONG> <STRONG>"${bold}Please</STRONG> <STRONG>type</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>your</STRONG> <STRONG>name:</STRONG>
235 <STRONG>${offbold}\c"</STRONG>
237 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG>
238 Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is
239 a hard copy terminal.
241 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>23</STRONG> <STRONG>4</STRONG>
242 Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, col-
245 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG>
246 Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no
247 parameters substituted.
249 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>longname</STRONG>
250 Print the long name from the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database for
251 the type of terminal specified in the environmental
252 variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.
254 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <STRONG><<!</STRONG>
255 <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG>
256 <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG> <STRONG>10</STRONG>
257 <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>bold</STRONG>
258 <STRONG>></STRONG> <STRONG>!</STRONG>
260 This example shows <STRONG>tput</STRONG> processing several capabili-
261 ties in one invocation. It clears the screen, moves
262 the cursor to position 10, 10 and turns on bold
263 (extra bright) mode. The list is terminated by an
264 exclamation mark (<STRONG>!</STRONG>) on a line by itself.
267 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
268 <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG>
269 compiled terminal description database
271 <STRONG>/usr/share/tabset/*</STRONG>
272 tab settings for some terminals, in a format appro-
273 priate to be output to the terminal (escape
274 sequences that set margins and tabs); for more
275 information, see the <EM>Tabs</EM> <EM>and</EM> <EM>Initialization</EM>, sec-
276 tion of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
279 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></H2><PRE>
280 If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is used, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> checks for errors from each
281 line, and if any errors are found, will set the exit code
282 to 4 plus the number of lines with errors. If no errors
283 are found, the exit code is <STRONG>0</STRONG>. No indication of which
284 line failed can be given so exit code <STRONG>1</STRONG> will never appear.
285 Exit codes <STRONG>2</STRONG>, <STRONG>3</STRONG>, and <STRONG>4</STRONG> retain their usual interpretation.
286 If the <STRONG>-S</STRONG> option is not used, the exit code depends on the
287 type of <EM>capname</EM>:
290 a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set for TRUE and <STRONG>1</STRONG> for FALSE.
292 <EM>string</EM> a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is set if the <EM>capname</EM> is defined
293 for this terminal <EM>type</EM> (the value of <EM>capname</EM> is
294 returned on standard output); a value of <STRONG>1</STRONG> is
295 set if <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal
296 <EM>type</EM> (nothing is written to standard output).
299 a value of <STRONG>0</STRONG> is always set, whether or not <EM>cap-</EM>
300 <EM>name</EM> is defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>. To
301 determine if <EM>capname</EM> is defined for this termi-
302 nal <EM>type</EM>, the user must test the value written
303 to standard output. A value of <STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that
304 <EM>capname</EM> is not defined for this terminal <EM>type</EM>.
306 <EM>other</EM> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> or <STRONG>init</STRONG> may fail to find their respective
307 files. In that case, the exit code is set to 4
308 + <STRONG>errno</STRONG>.
310 Any other exit code indicates an error; see the DIAGNOS-
314 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></H2><PRE>
315 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> prints the following error messages and sets the cor-
316 responding exit codes.
318 exit code error message
319 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
320 <STRONG>0</STRONG> (<EM>capname</EM> is a numeric variable that is not specified in
321 the <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> database for this terminal type, e.g.
322 <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T450</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>-T2621</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG>)
323 <STRONG>1</STRONG> no error message is printed, see the <STRONG>EXIT</STRONG> <STRONG>CODES</STRONG> section.
324 <STRONG>2</STRONG> usage error
325 <STRONG>3</STRONG> unknown terminal <EM>type</EM> or no <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database
326 <STRONG>4</STRONG> unknown <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> capability <EM>capname</EM>
327 <STRONG>>4</STRONG> error occurred in -S
328 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
331 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
332 The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command was begun by Bill Joy in 1980. The ini-
333 tial version only cleared the screen.
335 AT&T System V provided a different <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command, whose
336 <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> subcommands (more than half the program)
337 were incorporated from the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> feature of BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> writ-
338 ten by Eric Allman. Later the corresponding source code
339 for <EM>reset</EM> was removed from the BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> (in June 1993,
340 released in 4.4BSD-Lite a year later).
342 Keith Bostic replaced the BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> command in 1989 with a
343 new implementation based on the AT&T System V program
344 <STRONG>tput</STRONG>. Like the AT&T program, Bostic's version accepted
345 some parameters named for <EM>terminfo</EM> <EM>capabilities</EM> (<STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
346 <STRONG>init</STRONG>, <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>). However (because he had only
347 termcap available), it accepted <EM>termcap</EM> <EM>names</EM> for other
348 capabilities. Also, Bostic's BSD <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not modify the
349 terminal I/O modes as the earlier BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG> had done.
351 At the same time, Bostic added a shell script named
352 "clear", which used <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to clear the screen.
354 Both of these appeared in 4.4BSD, becoming the "modern"
355 BSD implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG>.
358 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
359 This implementation of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differs from AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> in two
362 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <EM>capname</EM> writes to the standard output. That need
363 not be a regular terminal. However, the subcommands
364 which manipulate terminal modes may not use the stan-
367 The AT&T implementation's <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG> commands use
368 the BSD (4.1c) <STRONG>tset</STRONG> source, which manipulates terminal
369 modes. It successively tries standard output, stan-
370 dard error, standard input before falling back to
371 "/dev/tty" and finally just assumes a 1200Bd terminal.
372 When updating terminal modes, it ignores errors.
374 Until changes made after ncurses 6.0, <STRONG>tput</STRONG> did not
375 modify terminal modes. <STRONG>tput</STRONG> now uses a similar
376 scheme, using functions shared with <STRONG>tset</STRONG> (and ulti-
377 mately based on the 4.4BSD <STRONG>tset</STRONG>). If it is not able
378 to open a terminal, e.g., when running in <STRONG>cron</STRONG>, <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
379 will return an error.
381 <STRONG>o</STRONG> AT&T <STRONG>tput</STRONG> guesses the type of its <EM>capname</EM> operands by
382 seeing if all of the characters are numeric, or not.
384 Most implementations which provide support for <EM>capname</EM>
385 operands use the <EM>tparm</EM> function to expand parameters
386 in it. That function expects a mixture of numeric and
387 string parameters, requiring <STRONG>tput</STRONG> to know which type
390 This implementation uses a table to determine the
391 parameter types for the standard <EM>capname</EM> operands, and
392 an internal library function to analyze nonstandard
393 <EM>capname</EM> operands.
395 The <STRONG>longname</STRONG> and <STRONG>-S</STRONG> options, and the parameter-substitu-
396 tion features used in the <STRONG>cup</STRONG> example, were not supported
397 in BSD curses before 4.3reno (1989) or in AT&T/USL curses
400 IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
401 7 (POSIX.1-2008) documents only the operands for <STRONG>clear</STRONG>,
402 <STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>. There are a few interesting observations
403 to make regarding that:
405 <STRONG>o</STRONG> In this implementation, <STRONG>clear</STRONG> is part of the <EM>capname</EM>
406 support. The others (<STRONG>init</STRONG> and <STRONG>longname</STRONG>) do not corre-
407 spond to terminal capabilities.
409 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Other implementations of <STRONG>tput</STRONG> on SVr4-based systems
410 such as Solaris, IRIX64 and HPUX as well as others
411 such as AIX and Tru64 provide support for <EM>capname</EM> op-
414 <STRONG>o</STRONG> A few platforms such as FreeBSD recognize termcap
415 names rather than terminfo capability names in their
416 respective <STRONG>tput</STRONG> commands. Since 2010, NetBSD's <STRONG>tput</STRONG>
417 uses terminfo names. Before that, it (like FreeBSD)
418 recognized termcap names.
420 Because (apparently) <EM>all</EM> of the certified Unix systems
421 support the full set of capability names, the reasoning
422 for documenting only a few may not be apparent.
424 <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents <STRONG>tput</STRONG> differently, with
425 <EM>capname</EM> and the other features used in this implemen-
428 <STRONG>o</STRONG> That is, there are two standards for <STRONG>tput</STRONG>: POSIX (a
429 subset) and X/Open Curses (the full implementation).
430 POSIX documents a subset to avoid the complication of
431 including X/Open Curses and the terminal capabilities
434 <STRONG>o</STRONG> While it is certainly possible to write a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program
435 without using curses, none of the systems which have a
436 curses implementation provide a <STRONG>tput</STRONG> utility which
437 does not provide the <EM>capname</EM> feature.
440 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
441 <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>,
442 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>.
444 This describes <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20161119).
448 <STRONG><A HREF="tput.1.html">tput(1)</A></STRONG>
452 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
453 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
454 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
456 <li><a href="#h3-Options">Options</a></li>
457 <li><a href="#h3-Commands">Commands</a></li>
458 <li><a href="#h3-Aliases">Aliases</a></li>
461 <li><a href="#h2-EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li>
462 <li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
463 <li><a href="#h2-EXIT-CODES">EXIT CODES</a></li>
464 <li><a href="#h2-DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></li>
465 <li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
466 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
467 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>