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28 -- $Id: INSTALL,v 1.160 2011/10/15 23:32:49 tom Exp $
29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
30 How to install Ncurses/Terminfo on your system
31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
33 ************************************************************
34 * READ ALL OF THIS FILE BEFORE YOU TRY TO INSTALL NCURSES. *
35 ************************************************************
37 You should be reading the file INSTALL in a directory called ncurses-d.d, where
38 d.d is the current version number. There should be several subdirectories,
39 including `c++', `form', `man', `menu', 'misc', `ncurses', `panel', `progs',
40 and `test'. See the README file for a roadmap to the package.
42 If you are a distribution integrator or packager, please read and act on the
43 section titled IF YOU ARE A SYSTEM INTEGRATOR below.
45 If you are converting from BSD curses and do not have root access, be sure
46 to read the BSD CONVERSION NOTES section below.
48 If you are trying to build applications using gpm with ncurses,
49 read the USING NCURSES WITH GPM section below.
51 If you are running over the Andrew File System see the note below on
52 USING NCURSES WITH AFS.
54 If you are cross-compiling, see the note below on BUILDING NCURSES WITH A
57 If you want to build the Ada95 binding, go to the Ada95 directory and
58 follow the instructions there. The Ada95 binding is not covered below.
64 You will need the following to build and install ncurses under UNIX:
66 * ANSI C compiler (gcc, for instance)
68 * awk (mawk or gawk will do)
70 * BSD or System V style install (a script is enclosed)
72 Ncurses has been also built in the OS/2 EMX environment.
75 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE:
76 ----------------------
78 1. First, decide whether you want ncurses to replace your existing library (in
79 which case you'll need super-user privileges) or be installed in parallel
82 The --prefix option to configure changes the root directory for installing
83 ncurses. The default is normally in subdirectories of /usr/local, except
84 for systems where ncurses is normally installed as a system library (see
85 "IF YOU ARE A SYSTEM INTEGRATOR"). Use --prefix=/usr to replace your
86 default curses distribution.
88 The package gets installed beneath the --prefix directory as follows:
90 In $(prefix)/bin: tic, infocmp, captoinfo, tset,
91 reset, clear, tput, toe, tabs
92 In $(prefix)/lib: libncurses*.* libcurses.a
93 In $(prefix)/share/terminfo: compiled terminal descriptions
94 In $(prefix)/include: C header files
95 Under $(prefix)/man: the manual pages
97 Note that the configure script attempts to locate previous installation of
98 ncurses, and will set the default prefix according to where it finds the
101 Do not use commands such as
103 make install prefix=XXX
105 to change the prefix after configuration, since the prefix value is used
106 for some absolute pathnames such as TERMINFO. Instead do this
108 make install DESTDIR=XXX
110 See also the discussion of --with-install-prefix.
112 2. Type `./configure' in the top-level directory of the distribution to
113 configure ncurses for your operating system and create the Makefiles.
114 Besides --prefix, various configuration options are available to customize
115 the installation; use `./configure --help' to list the available options.
117 If your operating system is not supported, read the PORTABILITY section in
118 the file ncurses/README for information on how to create a configuration
119 file for your system.
121 The `configure' script generates makefile rules for one or more object
122 models and their associated libraries:
124 libncurses.a (normal)
126 libcurses.a (normal, a link to libncurses.a)
127 This gets left out if you configure with --disable-overwrite.
129 libncurses.so (shared)
131 libncurses_g.a (debug)
133 libncurses_p.a (profile)
135 libncurses.la (libtool)
137 If you configure using the --enable-widec option, a "w" is appended to the
138 library names (e.g., libncursesw.a), and the resulting libraries support
139 wide-characters, e.g., via a UTF-8 locale. The corresponding header files
140 are compatible with the non-wide-character configuration; wide-character
141 features are provided by ifdef's in the header files. The wide-character
142 library interfaces are not binary-compatible with the non-wide-character
143 version. Building and running the wide-character code relies on a fairly
144 recent implementation of libiconv. We have built this configuration on
145 various systems using libiconv, sometimes requiring libutf8.
147 If you configure using the --with-pthread option, a "t" is appended to
148 the library names (e.g., libncursest.a, libncursestw.a).
150 If you do not specify any models, the normal and debug libraries will be
151 configured. Typing `configure' with no arguments is equivalent to:
153 ./configure --with-normal --with-debug --enable-overwrite
157 ./configure --with-shared
159 makes the shared libraries the default, resulting in
161 ./configure --with-shared --with-normal --with-debug --enable-overwrite
163 If you want only shared libraries, type
165 ./configure --with-shared --without-normal --without-debug
167 Rules for generating shared libraries are highly dependent upon the choice
168 of host system and compiler. We've been testing shared libraries on
169 several systems, but more work needs to be done to make shared libraries
170 work on other systems.
172 If you have libtool installed, you can type
174 ./configure --with-libtool
176 to generate the appropriate static and/or shared libraries for your
177 platform using libtool.
179 You can make curses and terminfo fall back to an existing file of termcap
180 definitions by configuring with --enable-termcap. If you do this, the
181 library will search /etc/termcap before the terminfo database, and will
182 also interpret the contents of the TERM environment variable. See the
183 section BSD CONVERSION NOTES below.
185 3. Type `make'. Ignore any warnings, no error messages should be produced.
186 This should compile the ncurses library, the terminfo compiler tic(1),
187 captoinfo(1), infocmp(1), toe(1), clear(1) tset(1), reset(1), and tput(1)
188 programs (see the manual pages for explanation of what they do), some test
189 programs, and the panels, menus, and forms libraries.
191 4. Run ncurses and several other test programs in the test directory to
192 verify that ncurses functions correctly before doing an install that
193 may overwrite system files. Read the file test/README for details on
196 NOTE: You must have installed the terminfo database, or set the
197 environment variable $TERMINFO to point to a SVr4-compatible terminfo
198 database before running the test programs. Not all vendors' terminfo
199 databases are SVr4-compatible, but most seem to be. Exceptions include
200 DEC's Digital Unix (formerly known as OSF/1).
202 If you run the test programs WITHOUT installing terminfo, ncurses may
203 read the termcap file and cache that in $HOME/.terminfo, which will
204 thereafter be used instead of the terminfo database. See the comments
205 on "--enable-getcap-cache", to see why this is a Bad Thing.
207 It is possible to configure ncurses to use other terminfo database formats.
208 A few are provided as examples in the include-directory (see --with-caps).
210 The ncurses program is designed specifically to test the ncurses library.
211 You can use it to verify that the screen highlights work correctly, that
212 cursor addressing and window scrolling works OK, etc.
214 5. Once you've tested, you can type `make install' to install libraries,
215 the programs, the terminfo database and the manual pages. Alternately, you
216 can type `make install' in each directory you want to install. In the
217 top-level directory, you can do a partial install using these commands:
219 'make install.progs' installs tic, infocmp, etc...
220 'make install.includes' installs the headers.
221 'make install.libs' installs the libraries (and the headers).
222 'make install.data' installs the terminfo data. (Note: `tic' must
223 be installed before the terminfo data can be
225 'make install.man' installs the manual pages.
227 ############################################################################
228 # CAVEAT EMPTOR: `install.data' run as root will NUKE any existing #
229 # terminfo database. If you have any custom or unusual entries SAVE them #
230 # before you install ncurses. I have a file called terminfo.custom for #
231 # this purpose. Don't forget to run tic on the file once you're done. #
232 ############################################################################
234 The terminfo(5) manual page must be preprocessed with tbl(1) before
235 being formatted by nroff(1). Modern man(1) implementations tend to do
236 this by default, but you may want to look at your version's manual page
237 to be sure. You may also install the manual pages after preprocessing
238 with tbl(1) by specifying the configure option --with-manpage-tbl.
240 If the system already has a curses library that you need to keep using
241 you'll need to distinguish between it and ncurses. See the discussion of
242 --disable-overwrite. If ncurses is installed outside the standard
243 directories (/usr/include and /usr/lib) then all your users will need to
244 use the -I option to compile programs and -L to link them.
246 If you have another curses installed in your system and you accidentally
247 compile using its curses.h you'll end up with a large number of
248 undefined symbols at link time.
250 IF YOU DO NOT HAVE ROOT: Change directory to the `progs' subdirectory
251 and run the `capconvert' script. This script will deduce various things
252 about your environment and use them to build you a private terminfo tree,
253 so you can use ncurses applications.
255 If more than one user at your site does this, the space for the duplicate
256 trees is wasted. Try to get your site administrators to install a system-
257 wide terminfo tree instead.
259 See the BSD CONVERSION NOTES section below for a few more details.
261 6. The c++ directory has C++ classes that are built on top of ncurses and
262 panels. You must have c++ (and its libraries) installed before you can
263 compile and run the demo.
265 Use --without-cxx-binding to tell configure to not build the C++ bindings
268 If you do not have C++, you must use the --without-cxx option to tell
269 the configure script to not attempt to determine the type of 'bool'
270 which may be supported by C++. IF YOU USE THIS OPTION, BE ADVISED THAT
271 YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO COMPILE (OR RUN) NCURSES APPLICATIONS WITH C++.
274 SUMMARY OF CONFIGURE OPTIONS:
275 ----------------------------
277 The configure script provides a short list of its options when you type
281 The --help and several options are common to all configure scripts that are
282 generated with autoconf. Those are all listed before the line
284 --enable and --with options recognized:
286 The other options are specific to this package. We list them in alphabetic
289 --disable-assumed-color
290 With ncurses 5.1, we introduced a new function, assume_default_colors()
291 which allows applications to specify what the default foreground and
292 background color are assumed to be. Most color applications use
293 full-screen color; but a few do not color the background. While the
294 assumed values can be overridden by invoking assume_default_colors(),
295 you may find it useful to set the assumed values to the pre-5.1
296 convention, using this configure option.
299 Assume machine has little memory. The configure script attempts to
300 determine if your machine has enough memory (about 6Mb) to compile the
301 terminfo database without writing portions to disk. Some allocators
302 return deceptive results, so you may have to override the configure
303 script. Or you may be building tic for a smaller machine.
305 --disable-big-strings
306 Disable compile-time optimization of predefined tables which puts
307 all of their strings into a very long string, to reduce relocation
311 Use only built-in data. The ncurses libraries normally read terminfo
312 and termcap data from disk. You can configure ncurses to have a
313 built-in database, aka "fallback" entries. Embedded applications may
314 have no need for an external database. Some, but not all of the
315 programs are useful in this configuration, e.g., reset and tput versus
319 Disable function-extensions. Configure ncurses without the functions
320 that are not specified by XSI. See ncurses/modules for the exact
321 list of library modules that would be suppressed.
324 Compile without hashmap scrolling-optimization code. This algorithm is
327 --disable-home-terminfo
328 The $HOME/.terminfo directory is normally added to ncurses' search
329 list for reading/writing terminfo entries, since that directory is
330 more likely writable than the system terminfo database. Use this
331 option to disable the feature altogether.
334 Disable compiler flags needed to use large-file interfaces.
336 --disable-libtool-version
337 when using --with-libtool, control how the major/minor version numbers
338 are used for constructing the library name.
340 The default uses the -version-number feature of libtool, which makes
341 the library names compatible (though not identical) with the standard
342 build using --with-shared.
344 Use --disable-libtool-version to use the libtool -version-info feature.
345 This corresponds to the setting used before patch 20100515.
348 For testing, compile-in code that frees memory that normally would not
349 be freed, to simplify analysis of memory-leaks.
351 Any implementation of curses must not free the memory associated with
352 a screen, since (even after calling endwin()), it must be available
353 for use in the next call to refresh(). There are also chunks of
354 memory held for performance reasons. That makes it hard to analyze
355 curses applications for memory leaks. To work around this, build
356 a debugging version of the ncurses library which frees those chunks
357 which it can, and provides the _nc_free_and_exit() function to free
358 the remainder on exit. The ncurses utility and test programs use this
359 feature, e.g., via the ExitProgram() macro.
362 The header files will ignore use of the _LP64 symbol to make chtype
363 and mmask_t types 32 bits (they may be long on 64-bit hosts, for
364 compatibility with older releases).
366 NOTE: this is potentially an ABI change, depending on existing
367 packages. The default for this option is "disabled" for ncurses
368 ABI 5, and "enabled" for ABI 6.
371 For testing, use functions rather than macros. The program will run
372 more slowly, but it is simpler to debug. This defines NCURSES_NOMACROS
373 at build time. See also the --enable-expanded option.
376 If you are installing ncurses on a system which contains another
377 development version of curses, or which could be confused by the loader
378 for another version, we recommend that you leave out the link to
379 -lcurses. The ncurses library is always available as -lncurses.
380 Disabling overwrite also causes the ncurses header files to be
381 installed into a subdirectory, e.g., /usr/local/include/ncurses,
382 rather than the include directory. This makes it simpler to avoid
383 compile-time conflicts with other versions of curses.h
386 If --enable-rpath is given, the generated makefiles normally will
387 rebuild the libraries during install. Use this option to simply
388 copy whatever the linked produced.
390 This option is ignored if --enable-rpath is not given.
392 --disable-root-environ
393 Compile with environment restriction, so certain environment variables
394 are not available when running as root, or via a setuid/setgid
395 application. These are (for example $TERMINFO) those that allow the
396 search path for the terminfo or termcap entry to be customized.
399 Normally the configure script helps link libraries found in unusual
400 places by adding an rpath option to the link command. If you are
401 building packages, this feature may be redundant. Use this option
402 to suppress the feature.
404 --disable-scroll-hints
405 Compile without scroll-hints code. This option is ignored when
406 hashmap scrolling is configured, which is the default.
408 --disable-tic-depends
409 When building shared libraries, normally the tic library is linked to
410 depend upon the ncurses library (or equivalently, on the tinfo-library
411 if the --with-termlib option was given). The tic- and tinfo-library
412 ABIs do not depend on the --enable-widec option. Some packagers have
413 used this to reduce the number of library files which are packaged by
414 using only one copy of those libraries. To make this work properly,
415 the tic library must be built without an explicit dependency on the
416 underlying library (ncurses vs ncursesw, tinfo vs tinfow). Use this
417 configure option to do that.
419 configure --with-ticlib --with-shared --disable-tic-depends
421 --disable-tparm-varargs
422 Portable programs should call tparm() using the fixed-length parameter
423 list documented in X/Open. ncurses provides varargs support for this
424 function. Use --disable-tparm-varargs to disable this support.
427 For testing, compile-in assertion code. This is used only for a few
428 places where ncurses cannot easily recover by returning an error code.
430 --enable-broken_linker
431 A few platforms have what we consider a broken linker: it cannot link
432 objects from an archive solely by referring to data objects in those
433 files, but requires a function reference. This configure option
434 changes several data references to functions to work around this
437 NOTE: With ncurses 5.1, this may not be necessary, since we are
438 told that some linkers interpret uninitialized global data as a
439 different type of reference which behaves as described above. We have
440 explicitly initialized all of the global data to work around the
444 Recognize BSD-style prefix padding. Some ancient BSD programs (such as
445 nethack) call tputs("50") to implement delays.
448 Compile with experimental $COLORFGBG code. That environment variable
449 is set by some terminal emulators as a hint to applications, by
450 advertising the default foreground and background colors. During
451 initialization, ncurses sets color pair 0 to match this.
454 The curses interface as documented in XSI is rather old, in fact
455 including features that precede ANSI C. The prototypes generally do
456 not make effective use of "const". When using stricter compilers (or
457 gcc with appropriate warnings), you may see warnings about the mismatch
458 between const and non-const data. We provide a configure option which
459 changes the interfaces to use const - quieting these warnings and
460 reflecting the actual use of the parameters more closely. The ncurses
461 library uses the symbol NCURSES_CONST for these instances of const,
462 and if you have asked for compiler warnings, will add gcc's const-qual
463 warning. There will still be warnings due to subtle inconsistencies
464 in the interface, but at a lower level.
466 NOTE: configuring ncurses with this option may detract from the
467 portability of your applications by encouraging you to use const in
468 places where the XSI curses interface would not allow them. Similar
469 issues arise when porting to SVr4 curses, which uses const in even
473 Use the option --disable-echo to make the build-log less verbose by
474 suppressing the display of the compile and link commands. This makes
475 it easier to see the compiler warnings. (You can always use "make -n"
476 to see the options that are used).
479 For testing, generate functions for certain macros to make them visible
480 as such to the debugger. See also the --disable-macros option.
483 Extend the cchar_t structure to allow more than 16 colors to be
484 encoded. This applies only to the wide-character (--enable-widec)
487 NOTE: using this option will make libraries which are not binary-
488 compatible with libncursesw 5.4. None of the interfaces change, but
489 applications which have an array of cchar_t's must be recompiled.
492 Modify the encoding of mouse state to make room for a 5th mouse button.
493 That allows one to use ncurses with a wheel mouse with xterm or
494 similar X terminal emulators.
496 NOTE: using this option will make libraries which are not binary-
497 compatible with libncursesw 5.4. None of the interfaces change, but
498 applications which have mouse mask mmask_t's must be recompiled.
501 Use the 4.4BSD getcap code if available, or a bundled version of it to
502 fetch termcap entries. Entries read in this way cannot use (make
503 cross-references to) the terminfo tree, but it is faster than reading
506 If configured for one of the *BSD systems, this automatically uses
507 the hashed database system produced using cap_mkdb or similar tools.
508 In that case, there is no advantage in using the --enable-getcap-cache
511 See also the --with-hashed-db option.
513 --enable-getcap-cache
514 Cache translated termcaps under the directory $HOME/.terminfo
516 NOTE: this sounds good - it makes ncurses run faster the second time.
517 But look where the data comes from - an /etc/termcap containing lots of
518 entries that are not up to date. If you configure with this option and
519 forget to install the terminfo database before running an ncurses
520 application, you will end up with a hidden terminfo database that
521 generally does not support color and will miss some function keys.
524 Compile-in cursor-optimization code that uses hard-tabs. We would make
525 this a standard feature except for the concern that the terminfo entry
526 may not be accurate, or that your stty settings have disabled the use
530 Compile-in experimental interop bindings. These provide generic types
531 for the form-library.
534 Controls whether the filesystem on which the terminfo database resides
535 supports mixed-case filenames (normal for UNIX, but not on other
536 systems). If you do not specify this option, the configure script
537 checks the current filesystem.
540 Compile-in support for the $NCURSES_NO_PADDING environment variable,
541 which allows you to suppress the effect of non-mandatory padding in
542 terminfo entries. This is the default, unless you have disabled the
546 If pkg-config is found (see --with-pkg-config), generate ".pc" files
547 for each of the libraries, and install them in pkg-config's library
550 --enable-pthreads-eintr
551 add logic in threaded configuration to ensure that a read(2) system
552 call can be interrupted for SIGWINCH.
555 Compile experimental configuration which improves reentrant use of the
556 library by reducing global and static variables. This option is also
557 set if --with-pthread is used.
560 Use rpath option when generating shared libraries, and (with some
561 restrictions) when linking the corresponding programs. This originally
562 (in 1997) applied mainly to systems using the GNU linker (read the
565 More recently it is useful for systems that require special treatment
566 shared libraries in "unusual" locations. The "system" libraries reside
567 in directories which are on the loader's default search-path. While
568 you may be able to use workarounds such as the $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
569 environment variable, they do not work with setuid applications since
570 the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable would be unset in that situation.
572 This option does not apply to --with-libtool, since libtool makes
573 extra assumptions about rpath.
575 --enable-safe-sprintf
576 Compile with experimental safe-sprintf code. You may consider using
577 this if you are building ncurses for a system that has neither
578 vsnprintf() or vsprintf(). It is slow, however.
581 Compile support for ncurses' SIGWINCH handler. If your application has
582 its own SIGWINCH handler, ncurses will not use its own. The ncurses
583 handler causes wgetch() to return KEY_RESIZE when the screen-size
584 changes. This option is the default, unless you have disabled the
588 The term.h header declares a Booleans[] array typed "char". But it
589 stores signed values there and "char" is not necessarily signed.
590 Some packagers choose to alter the type of Booleans[] though this
591 is not strictly compatible. This option allows one to implement this
592 alteration without patching the source code.
595 Compile-in support for extended functions which accept a SCREEN pointer,
596 reducing the need for juggling the global SP value with set_term() and
600 If your system supports symbolic links, make tic use symbolic links
601 rather than hard links to save diskspace when writing aliases in the
605 Compile-in support for user-definable terminal capabilities. Use the
606 -x option of tic and infocmp to treat unrecognized terminal
607 capabilities as user-defined strings. This option is the default,
608 unless you have disabled the extended functions.
611 Enable experimental terminal-driver. This is currently used for the
612 MinGW port, by providing a way to substitute the low-level terminfo
613 library with different terminal drivers.
616 Compile in support for reading terminal descriptions from termcap if no
617 match is found in the terminfo database. See also the --enable-getcap
618 and --enable-getcap-cache options.
620 Termcap support requires run-time parsing rather than loading
621 predigested data. If you have specified --with-ticlib, then you
622 cannot have termcap support since run-time parsing is done in the
623 tic library, which is intentionally not part of normal linkage
627 Turn on GCC compiler warnings. There should be only a few.
629 --enable-weak-symbols
630 If the --with-pthread option is set, check if the compiler supports
631 weak-symbols. If it does, then name the thread-capable library without
632 the "t" (libncurses rather than libncursest), and provide for
633 dynamically loading the pthreads entrypoints at runtime. This allows
634 one to reduce the number of library files for ncurses.
636 --enable-wgetch-events
637 Compile with experimental wgetch-events code. See ncurses/README.IZ
640 Compile with wide-character code. This makes a different version of
641 the libraries (e.g., libncursesw.so), which stores characters as
644 NOTE: applications compiled with this configuration are not compatible
645 with those built for 8-bit characters. You cannot simply make a
646 symbolic link to equate libncurses.so with libncursesw.so
648 NOTE: the Ada95 binding may be built against either version of the the
649 ncurses library, but you must decide which: the binding installs the
650 same set of files for either version. Currently (2002/6/22) it does
651 not use the extended features from the wide-character code, so it is
652 probably better to not install the binding for that configuration.
655 Compile-in support experimental xmc (magic cookie) code.
657 --with-abi-version=NUM
658 Override the ABI version, which is used in shared library filenames.
659 Normally this is the same as the release version; some ports have
660 special requirements for compatibility.
662 This option does not affect linking with libtool, which uses the
663 release major/minor numbers.
665 --with-ada-compiler=CMD
666 Specify the Ada95 compiler command (default "gnatmake")
668 --with-ada-include=DIR
669 Tell where to install the Ada includes (default:
670 PREFIX/lib/ada/adainclude)
672 --with-ada-objects=DIR
673 Tell where to install the Ada objects (default: PREFIX/lib/ada/adalib)
676 Build a shared library for Ada95 binding, if the compiler permits.
678 NOTE: You must also set the --with-shared option on some platforms
679 for a successful build. You need not use this option when you set
680 --with-shared, unless you want to use the Ada shared library.
683 If --without-cxx is specified, override the type used for the "bool"
684 declared in curses.h (normally the type is automatically chosen to
685 correspond with that in <stdbool.h>, or defaults to platform-specific
689 This option is provided by the same macro used for $BUILD_CC, etc.,
690 but is not directly used by ncurses.
693 If cross-compiling, specify a host C compiler, which is needed to
694 compile a few utilities which generate source modules for ncurses.
695 If you do not give this option, the configure script checks if the
696 $BUILD_CC variable is set, and otherwise defaults to gcc or cc.
698 --with-build-cflags=XXX
699 If cross-compiling, specify the host C compiler-flags. You might need
700 to do this if the target compiler has unusual flags which confuse the
703 You can also set the environment variable $BUILD_CFLAGS rather than
706 --with-build-cppflags=XXX
707 If cross-compiling, specify the host C preprocessor-flags. You might
708 need to do this if the target compiler has unusual flags which confuse
711 You can also set the environment variable $BUILD_CPPFLAGS rather than
714 --with-build-ldflags=XXX
715 If cross-compiling, specify the host linker-flags. You might need to
716 do this if the target linker has unusual flags which confuse the host
719 You can also set the environment variable $BUILD_LDFLAGS rather than
722 --with-build-libs=XXX
723 If cross-compiling, the host libraries. You might need to do this if
724 the target environment requires unusual libraries.
726 You can also set the environment variable $BUILD_LIBS rather than
730 Specify an alternate terminfo capabilities file, which makes the
731 configure script look for "include/Caps.XXX". A few systems, e.g.,
732 AIX 4.x use the same overall file-format as ncurses for terminfo
733 data, but use different alignments within the tables to support
734 legacy applications. For those systems, you can configure ncurses
735 to use a terminfo database which is compatible with the native
738 --with-ccharw-max=XXX
739 Override the size of the wide-character array in cchar_t structures.
740 Changing this will alter the binary interface. This defaults to 5.
743 Override type of chtype, which stores the video attributes and (if
744 --enable-widec is not given) a character. Prior to ncurses 5.5, this
745 was always unsigned long, but with ncurses 5.5, it may be unsigned.
746 Use this option if you need to preserve compatibility with 64-bit
747 executables, e.g., by setting "--with-chtype=long" (the configure
748 script supplies "unsigned").
751 Specify the terminfo source file to install. Usually you will wish
752 to install ncurses' default (misc/terminfo.src). Certain systems
753 have special requirements, e.g, OS/2 EMX has a customized terminfo
757 For testing, compile and link with Conor Cahill's dbmalloc library.
758 This also sets the --disable-leaks option.
761 Generate debug-libraries (default). These are named by adding "_g"
762 to the root, e.g., libncurses_g.a
764 --with-default-terminfo-dir=XXX
765 Specify the default terminfo database directory. This is normally
766 DATADIR/terminfo, e.g., /usr/share/terminfo.
769 For testing, compile and link with Gray Watson's dmalloc library.
770 This also sets the --disable-leaks option.
773 Specify a list of fallback terminal descriptions which will be
774 compiled into the ncurses library. See CONFIGURING FALLBACK ENTRIES.
777 use Alessandro Rubini's GPM library to provide mouse support on the
778 Linux console. Prior to ncurses 5.5, this introduced a dependency on
781 Currently ncurses uses the dlsym() function to bind to the library at
782 runtime, so it is only necessary that the library be present when
783 ncurses is built, to obtain the filename (or soname) used in the
784 corresponding dlopen() call. If you give a value for this option,
787 --with-gpm=$HOME/tmp/test-gpm.so
789 that overrides the configure check for the soname.
791 See also --without-dlsym
793 --with-hashed-db[=XXX]
794 Use a hashed database for storing terminfo data rather than storing
795 each compiled entry in a separate binary file within a directory
798 In particular, this uses the Berkeley database 1.8.5 interface, as
799 provided by that and its successors db 2, 3, and 4. The actual
800 interface is slightly different in the successor versions of the
801 Berkeley database. The database should have been configured using
802 "--enable-compat185".
804 If you use this option for configuring ncurses, tic will only be able
805 to write entries in the hashed database. infocmp can still read
806 entries from a directory tree as well as reading entries from the
807 hashed database. To do this, infocmp determines whether the $TERMINFO
808 variable points to a directory or a file, and reads the directory-tree
809 or hashed database respectively.
811 You cannot have a directory containing both hashed-database and
812 filesystem-based terminfo entries.
814 Use the parameter value to give the install-prefix used for the
816 --with-hashed-db=/usr/local/BigBase
817 to find the corresponding include- and lib-directories under the
820 See also the --enable-getcap option.
822 --with-install-prefix=XXX
823 Allows you to specify an alternate location for installing ncurses
824 after building it. The value you specify is prepended to the "real"
825 install location. This simplifies making binary packages. The
826 makefile variable DESTDIR is set by this option. It is also possible
828 make install DESTDIR=XXX
829 since the makefiles pass that variable to subordinate makes.
831 NOTE: a few systems build shared libraries with fixed pathnames; this
832 option probably will not work for those configurations.
835 Generate libraries with libtool. If this option is selected, then it
836 overrides all other library model specifications. Note that libtool
837 must already be installed, uses makefile rules dependent on GNU make,
838 and does not promise to follow the version numbering convention of
839 other shared libraries on your system. However, if the --with-shared
840 option does not succeed, you may get better results with this option.
842 If a parameter value is given, it must be the full pathname of the
843 particular version of libtool, e.g.,
844 /usr/bin/libtool-1.2.3
846 It is possible to rebuild the configure script to use the automake
847 macros for libtool, e.g., AC_PROG_LIBTOOL. See the comments in
848 aclocal.m4 for CF_PROG_LIBTOOL, and ensure that you build configure
849 using the appropriate patch for autoconf from
850 http://invisible-island.net/autoconf/
852 --with-manpage-aliases
853 Tell the configure script you wish to create entries in the
854 man-directory for aliases to manpages which list them, e.g., the
855 functions in the panel manpage. This is the default. You can disable
856 it if your man program does this. You can also disable
857 --with-manpage-symlinks to install files containing a ".so" command
858 rather than symbolic links.
860 --with-manpage-format=XXX
861 Tell the configure script how you would like to install man-pages. The
862 option value must be one of these: gzip, compress, BSDI, normal,
863 formatted. If you do not give this option, the configure script
864 attempts to determine which is the case.
866 --with-manpage-renames=XXX
867 Tell the configure script that you wish to rename the manpages while
868 installing. Currently the only distribution which does this is Debian.
869 The option value specifies the name of a file that lists the renamed
870 files, e.g., $srcdir/man/man_db.renames
872 --with-manpage-symlinks
873 Tell the configure script that you wish to make symbolic links in the
874 man-directory for aliases to the man-pages. This is the default, but
875 can be disabled for systems that provide this automatically. Doing
876 this on systems that do not support symbolic links will result in
877 copying the man-page for each alias.
880 Tell the configure script that you with to preprocess the manpages
881 by running them through tbl to generate tables understandable by
885 Override type of mmask_t, which stores the mouse mask. Prior to
886 ncurses 5.5, this was always unsigned long, but with ncurses 5.5, it
887 may be unsigned. Use this option if you need to preserve compatibility
888 with 64-bit executables.
891 Generate normal (i.e., static) libraries (default).
893 Note: on Linux, the configure script will attempt to use the GPM
894 library via the dlsym() function call. Use --without-dlsym to disable
895 this feature, or --without-gpm, depending on whether you wish to use
899 Override type of ospeed variable, which is part of the termcap
900 compatibility interface. In termcap, this is a 'short', which works
901 for a wide range of baudrates because ospeed is not the actual speed
902 but the encoded value, e.g., B9600 would be a small number such as 13.
903 However the encoding scheme originally allowed for values "only" up to
904 38400bd. A newer set of definitions past 38400bd is not encoded as
905 compactly, and is not guaranteed to fit into a short (see the function
906 cfgetospeed(), which returns a speed_t for this reason). In practice,
907 applications that required knowledge of the ospeed variable, i.e.,
908 those using termcap, do not use the higher speeds. Your application
909 (or system, in general) may or may not.
911 --with-pkg-config=[DIR]
912 Check for pkg-config, optionally specifying its path.
914 --with-pkg-config-libdir=[DIR]
915 If pkg-config was found, override the automatic check for its library
919 Generate profile-libraries These are named by adding "_p" to the root,
923 Link with POSIX threads, set --enable-reentrant. The use_window() and
924 use_screen() functions will use mutex's, allowing rudimentary support
925 for multithreaded applications.
928 Compile-in RCS identifiers. Most of the C files have an identifier.
930 --with-rel-version=NUM
931 Override the release version, which may be used in shared library
932 filenames. This consists of a major and minor version number separated
933 by ".". Normally the major version number is the same as the ABI
934 version; some ports have special requirements for compatibility.
937 Generate shared-libraries. The names given depend on the system for
938 which you are building, typically using a ".so" suffix, along with
939 symbolic links that refer to the release version.
941 NOTE: Unless you override the configure script by setting the $CFLAGS
942 environment variable, these will not be built with the -g debugging
945 NOTE: For some configurations, e.g., installing a new version of
946 ncurses shared libraries on a machine which already has ncurses
947 shared libraries, you may encounter problems with the linker.
948 For example, it may prevent you from running the build tree's
949 copy of tic (for installing the terminfo database) because it
950 loads the system's copy of the ncurses shared libraries. In that
951 case, using the misc/shlib script may be helpful, since it sets
952 $LD_LIBRARY_PATH to point to the build tree, e.g.,
953 ./misc/shlib make install
955 NOTE: If you use the --with-ada-sharedlib option, you should also
956 set this option, to ensure that C-language modules needed for the
957 Ada binding use appropriate compiler options.
959 --with-shlib-version=XXX
960 Specify whether to use the release or ABI version for shared libraries.
961 This is normally chosen automatically based on the type of system
962 which you are building on. We use it for testing the configure script.
965 use FreeBSD sysmouse interface provide mouse support on the console.
967 --with-system-type=XXX
968 For testing, override the derived host system-type which is used to
969 decide things such as the linker commands used to build shared
970 libraries. This is normally chosen automatically based on the type of
971 system which you are building on. We use it for testing the configure
974 --with-terminfo-dirs=XXX
975 Specify a search-list of terminfo directories which will be compiled
976 into the ncurses library (default: DATADIR/terminfo)
979 When building the ncurses library, organize this as two parts: the
980 curses library (libncurses) and the low-level terminfo library
981 (libtinfo). This is done to accommodate applications that use only
982 the latter. The terminfo library is about half the size of the total.
984 If an option value is given, that overrides the name of the terminfo
985 library. For instance, if the wide-character version is built, the
986 terminfo library would be named libtinfow. But the libtinfow interface
987 is upward compatible from libtinfo, so it would be possible to overlay
988 libtinfo.so with a "wide" version of libtinfow.so by renaming it with
992 Specify a search-list of termcap files which will be compiled into the
993 ncurses library (default: /etc/termcap:/usr/share/misc/termcap)
996 When building the ncurses library, build a separate library for
997 the modules that are used only by the utility programs. Normally
998 those would be bundled with the termlib or ncurses libraries.
1000 If an option value is given, that overrides the name of the tic
1001 library. As in termlib, there is no ABI difference between the
1002 "wide" libticw.so and libtic.so
1004 NOTE: Overriding the name of the tic library may be useful if you are
1005 also using the --with-termlib option to rename libtinfo. If you are
1006 not doing that, renaming the tic library can result in conflicting
1007 library dependencies for tic and other programs built with the tic
1011 Configure the trace() function as part of the all models of the ncurses
1012 library. Normally it is part of the debug (libncurses_g) library only.
1015 For testing, compile with debug option.
1016 This also sets the --disable-leaks option.
1018 --with-wrap-prefix=XXX
1019 When using the --enable-reentrant option, ncurses redefines variables
1020 that would be global in curses, e.g., LINES, as a macro that calls a
1021 "wrapping" function which fetches the data from the current SCREEN
1022 structure. Normally that function is named by prepending "_nc_" to the
1023 variable's name. The function is technically private (since portable
1024 applications would not refer directly to it). But according to one
1025 line of reasoning, it is not the same type of "private" as functions
1026 which applications should not call even via a macro. This configure
1027 option lets you choose the prefix for these wrapped variables.
1030 Suppress the configure script's check for Ada95, do not build the
1031 Ada95 binding and related demo.
1034 Don't install the ncurses header with the name "curses.h". Rather,
1035 install as "ncurses.h" and modify the installed headers and manpages
1038 Likewise, do not install an alias "curses" for the ncurses manpage.
1041 XSI curses declares "bool" as part of the interface. C++ also declares
1042 "bool". Neither specifies the size and type of booleans, but both
1043 insist on the same name. We chose to accommodate this by making the
1044 configure script check for the size and type (e.g., unsigned or signed)
1045 that your C++ compiler uses for booleans. If you do not wish to use
1046 ncurses with C++, use this option to tell the configure script to not
1047 adjust ncurses bool to match C++.
1049 --without-cxx-binding
1050 Suppress the configure script's check for C++, do not build the
1051 C++ binding and related demo.
1054 Disable development options. This does not include those that change
1055 the interface, such as --enable-widec.
1058 Do not use dlsym() to load GPM dynamically.
1061 Tell the configure script to suppress the install of ncurses' manpages.
1064 Tell the configure script to suppress the build of ncurses' application
1065 programs (e.g., tic). The test applications will still be built if you
1066 type "make", though not if you simply do "make install".
1069 Tell the configure script to suppress the build of ncurses' test
1073 Tell the configure script to use "xterm-old" for the entry used in
1074 the terminfo database. This will work with variations such as
1075 X11R5 and X11R6 xterm.
1078 COMPATIBILITY WITH OLDER VERSIONS OF NCURSES:
1079 --------------------------------------------
1081 Because ncurses implements the X/Open Curses Specification, its interface
1082 is fairly stable. That does not mean the interface does not change.
1083 Changes are made to the documented interfaces when we find differences
1084 between ncurses and X/Open or implementations which they certify (such as
1085 Solaris). We add extensions to those interfaces to solve problems not
1086 addressed by the original curses design, but those must not conflict with
1087 the X/Open documentation.
1089 Here are some of the major interface changes, and related problems which
1090 you may encounter when building a system with different versions of
1096 + add an alternate library configuration, i.e., "terminal driver" to
1097 support port to Windows, built with MinGW. There are two drivers
1098 (terminfo and Windows console). The terminfo driver works on other
1101 + add a new set of functions which accept a SCREEN* parameter, in
1102 contrast with the original set which use the global value "sp".
1103 By default, these names end with "_sp", and are otherwise
1104 functionally identical with the originals.
1106 In addition to the "_sp" functions, there are a few new functions
1107 associated with this feature: ceiling_panel, ground_panel,
1110 If the library is not built with the sp-funcs extension, there
1111 are no related interface changes.
1113 + add tiparm function based on review of X/Open Curses Issue 7.
1115 + change internal _nc_has_mouse function to public has_mouse function
1119 + add a few more functions to support the NCURSES_OPAQUE feature:
1120 get_escdelay, is_pad, is_subwin
1122 Added internal functions (other than "_sp" variants):
1131 _nc_retrace_int_attr_t
1137 Removed internal functions:
1138 _nc_makenew (some configurations replace by _nc_makenew_sp)
1140 Modified internal functions:
1147 5.7 (November 2, 2008)
1150 + generate linkable stubs for some macros:
1153 + Add new library configuration for tic-library (the non-curses portion
1154 of the ncurses library used for the tic program as well as some
1155 others such as tack. There is no API change, but makefiles would be
1156 changed to use the tic-library built separately.
1158 tack, distributed separately from ncurses, uses some of the internal
1159 _nc_XXX functions, which are declared in the tic.h header file.
1161 The reason for providing this separate library is that none of the
1162 functions in it are suitable for threaded applications.
1164 + Add new library configuration (ncursest, ncurseswt) which provides
1165 rudimentary support for POSIX threads. This introduces opaque
1166 access functions to the WINDOW structure and adds a parameter to
1167 several internal functions.
1169 + move most internal variables (except tic-library) into data blocks
1170 _nc_globals and _nc_prescreen to simplify analysis. Those were
1171 globally accessible, but since they were not part of the documented
1172 API, there is no ABI change.
1174 + changed static tables of strings to be indices into long strings, to
1175 improve startup performance. This changes parameter lists for some
1176 of the internal functions.
1180 + add NCURSES_OPAQUE definition in curses.h to control whether internal
1181 details of the WINDOW structure are visible to an application. This
1182 is always defined when the threaded library is built, and is optional
1183 otherwise. New functions for this: is_cleared, is_idcok, is_idlok,
1184 is_immedok, is_keypad, is_leaveok, is_nodelay, is_notimeout,
1185 is_scrollok, is_syncok, wgetparent and wgetscrreg.
1187 + the threaded library (ncursest) also disallows direct updating of
1188 global curses-level variables, providing functions (via macros) for
1189 obtaining their value. A few of those variables can be modified by
1190 the application, using new functions: set_escdelay, set_tabsize
1192 + added functions use_window() and use_screen() which wrap a mutex
1193 (if threading is configured) around a call to a user-supplied
1196 Added internal functions:
1207 These are used for leak-testing, and are stubs for
1208 ABI compatibility when ncurses is not configured for that
1209 using the --disable-leaks configure script option:
1214 Removed internal functions:
1217 Modified internal functions:
1223 _nc_locale_breaks_acs
1225 _nc_update_screensize
1227 Use new typedef TRIES to replace "struct tries":
1235 5.6 (December 17, 2006)
1238 + generate linkable stubs for some macros:
1240 getbegx, getbegy, getcurx, getcury, getmaxx, getmaxy, getparx,
1243 and (for libncursesw)
1251 Added internal functions:
1265 Also (if using the hashed database configuration):
1280 Removed internal functions:
1283 Modified internal functions:
1290 5.5 (October 10, 2005)
1293 + terminfo installs "xterm-new" as "xterm" entry rather than
1294 "xterm-old" (aka xterm-r6).
1296 + terminfo data is installed using the tic -x option (few systems
1297 still use ncurses 4.2).
1299 + modify C++ binding to work with newer C++ compilers by providing
1300 initializers and using modern casts. Old-style header names are
1301 still used in this release to allow compiling with not-so-old
1304 + form and menu libraries now work with wide-character data.
1305 Applications which bypassed the form library and manipulated the
1306 FIELD.buf data directly will not work properly with libformw, since
1307 that no longer points to an array of char. The set_field_buffer()
1308 and field_buffer() functions translate to/from the actual field
1311 + change SP->_current_attr to a pointer, adjust ifdef's to ensure that
1312 libtinfo.so and libtinfow.so have the same ABI. The reason for this
1313 is that the corresponding data which belongs to the upper-level
1314 ncurses library has a different size in each model.
1316 + winnstr() now returns multibyte character strings for the
1317 wide-character configuration.
1319 + assume_default_colors() no longer requires that use_default_colors()
1322 + data_ahead() now works with wide-characters.
1324 + slk_set() and slk_wset() now accept and store multibyte or
1325 multicolumn characters.
1327 + start_color() now returns OK if colors have already been started.
1328 start_color() also returns ERR if it cannot allocate memory.
1330 + pair_content() now returns -1 for consistency with init_pair() if it
1331 corresponds to the default-color.
1333 + unctrl() now returns null if its parameter does not correspond
1334 to an unsigned char.
1337 Experimental mouse version 2 supports wheel mice with buttons
1338 4 and 5. This requires ABI 6 because it modifies the encoding
1341 Experimental extended colors allows encoding of 256 foreground
1342 and background colors, e.g., with the xterm-256color or
1343 xterm-88color terminfo entries. This requires ABI 6 because
1344 it changes the size of cchar_t.
1346 Added internal functions:
1350 _nc_retrace_cvoid_ptr
1351 _nc_retrace_void_ptr
1354 Removed internal functions:
1357 Modified internal functions:
1362 5.4 (February 8, 2004)
1365 + add the remaining functions for X/Open curses wide-character support.
1366 These are only available if the library is configured using the
1367 --enable-widec option.
1371 + write getyx() and related 2-return macros in terms of getcury(),
1374 + simplify ifdef for bool declaration in curses.h
1376 + modify ifdef's in curses.h that disabled use of __attribute__() for
1377 g++, since recent versions implement the cases which ncurses uses.
1379 + change some interfaces to use const:
1391 Added internal functions:
1394 _nc_is_charable() wide
1395 _nc_locale_breaks_acs()
1398 _nc_to_widechar() wide
1400 _nc_trace_bufcat() debug
1401 _nc_unicode_locale()
1403 Removed internal functions:
1407 Modified internal functions:
1409 _nc_retrace_chtype()
1411 5.3 (October 12, 2002)
1414 + change type for bool used in headers to NCURSES_BOOL, which usually
1415 is the same as the compiler's definition for 'bool'.
1417 + add all but two functions for X/Open curses wide-character support.
1418 These are only available if the library is configured using the
1419 --enable-widec option. Missing functions are
1423 + add environment variable $NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS to modify the
1424 assume_default_colors() extension.
1430 Added internal functions:
1431 _nc_altcharset_name() debug
1433 _nc_retrace_bool() debug
1434 _nc_retrace_unsigned() debug
1436 _nc_trace_ttymode() debug
1441 Removed internal functions:
1444 Modified internal functions:
1447 5.2 (October 21, 2000)
1450 + revert termcap ospeed variable to 'short' (see discussion of the
1451 --with-ospeed configure option).
1456 + made the extended terminal capabilities
1457 (configure --enable-tcap-names) a standard feature. This should
1458 be transparent to applications that do not require it.
1460 + removed the trace() function and related trace support from the
1463 + modified curses.h.in, undef'ing some symbols to avoid conflict
1466 Added extensions: assume_default_colors().
1468 5.0 (October 23, 1999)
1471 + implemented the wcolor_set() and slk_color() functions.
1473 + move macro winch to a function, to hide details of struct ldat
1475 + corrected prototypes for slk_* functions, using chtype rather than
1478 + the slk_attr_{set,off,on} functions need an additional void*
1479 parameter according to XSI.
1481 + modified several prototypes to correspond with 1997 version of X/Open
1482 Curses: [w]attr_get(), [w]attr_set(), border_set() have different
1483 parameters. Some functions were renamed or misspelled:
1484 erase_wchar(), in_wchntr(), mvin_wchntr(). Some developers have used
1487 Added extensions: keybound(), curses_version().
1489 Terminfo database changes:
1491 + change translation for termcap 'rs' to terminfo 'rs2', which is
1492 the documented equivalent, rather than 'rs1'.
1494 The problems are subtler in recent releases.
1496 a) This release provides users with the ability to define their own
1497 terminal capability extensions, like termcap. To accomplish this,
1498 we redesigned the TERMTYPE struct (in term.h). Very few
1499 applications use this struct. They must be recompiled to work with
1502 a) If you use the extended terminfo names (i.e., you used configure
1503 --enable-tcap-names), the resulting terminfo database can have some
1504 entries which are not readable by older versions of ncurses. This
1505 is a bug in the older versions:
1507 + the terminfo database stores booleans, numbers and strings in
1508 arrays. The capabilities that are listed in the arrays are
1509 specified by X/Open. ncurses recognizes a number of obsolete and
1510 extended names which are stored past the end of the specified
1513 + a change to read_entry.c in 951001 made the library do an lseek()
1514 call incorrectly skipping data which is already read from the
1515 string array. This happens when the number of strings in the
1516 terminfo data file is greater than STRCOUNT, the number of
1517 specified and obsolete or extended strings.
1519 + as part of alignment with the X/Open final specification, in the
1520 990109 patch we added two new terminfo capabilities:
1521 set_a_attributes and set_pglen_inch). This makes the indices for
1522 the obsolete and extended capabilities shift up by 2.
1524 + the last two capabilities in the obsolete/extended list are memu
1525 and meml, which are found in most terminfo descriptions for xterm.
1527 When trying to read this terminfo entry, the spurious lseek()
1528 causes the library to attempt to read the final portion of the
1529 terminfo data (the text of the string capabilities) 4 characters
1530 past its starting point, and reads 4 characters too few. The
1531 library rejects the data, and applications are unable to
1532 initialize that terminal type.
1534 FIX: remove memu and meml from the xterm description. They are
1535 obsolete, not used by ncurses. (It appears that the feature was
1536 added to xterm to make it more like hpterm).
1538 This is not a problem if you do not use the -x option of tic to
1539 create a terminfo database with extended names. Note that the
1540 user-defined terminal capabilities are not affected by this bug,
1541 since they are stored in a table after the older terminfo data ends,
1542 and are invisible to the older libraries.
1544 c) Some developers did not wish to use the C++ binding, and used the
1545 configure --without-cxx option. This causes problems if someone
1546 uses the ncurses library from C++ because that configure test
1547 determines the type for C++'s bool and makes ncurses match it, since
1548 both C++ and curses are specified to declare bool. Calling ncurses
1549 functions with the incorrect type for bool will cause execution
1550 errors. In 5.0 we added a configure option "--without-cxx-binding"
1551 which controls whether the binding itself is built and installed.
1556 + correct prototype for termattrs() as per XPG4 version 2.
1558 + add placeholder prototypes for color_set(), erasewchar(),
1559 term_attrs(), wcolor_set() as per XPG4 version 2.
1561 + add macros getcur[xy] getbeg[xy] getpar[xy], which are defined in
1564 New extensions: keyok() and define_key().
1566 Terminfo database changes:
1568 + corrected definition in curses.h for ACS_LANTERN, which was 'I'
1573 We added these extensions: use_default_colors(). Also added
1574 configure option --enable-const, to support the use of const where
1575 X/Open should have, but did not, specify.
1577 The terminfo database content changed the representation of color for
1578 most entries that use ANSI colors. SVr4 curses treats the setaf/setab
1579 and setf/setb capabilities differently, interchanging the red/blue
1580 colors in the latter.
1582 4.0 (December 24, 1996)
1584 We bumped to version 4.0 because the newly released Linux dynamic
1585 loader (ld.so.1.8.5) did not load shared libraries whose ABI and REL
1586 versions were inconsistent. At that point, ncurses ABI was 3.4 and the
1587 REL was 1.9.9g, so we made them consistent.
1589 1.9.9g (December 1, 1996)
1591 This fixed most of the problems with 1.9.9e, and made these interface
1594 + remove tparam(), which had been provided for compatibility with
1595 some termcap. tparm() is standard, and does not conflict with
1596 application's fallback for missing tparam().
1598 + turn off hardware echo in initscr(). This changes the sense of the
1599 echo() function, which was initialized to echoing rather than
1600 nonechoing (the latter is specified). There were several other
1601 corrections to the terminal I/O settings which cause applications to
1604 + implemented several functions (such as attr_on()) which were
1605 available only as macros.
1607 + corrected several typos in curses.h.in (i.e., the mvXXXX macros).
1609 + corrected prototypes for delay_output(),
1610 has_color, immedok() and idcok().
1612 + corrected misspelled getbkgd(). Some applications used the
1615 + added _yoffset to WINDOW. The size of WINDOW does not impact
1616 applications, since they use only pointers to WINDOW structs.
1618 These changes were made to the terminfo database:
1620 + removed boolean 'getm' which was available as an extended name.
1622 We added these extensions: wresize(), resizeterm(), has_key() and
1625 1.9.9e (March 24, 1996)
1627 not recommended (a last-minute/untested change left the forms and
1628 menus libraries unusable since they do not repaint the screen).
1629 Foreground/background colors are combined incorrectly, working properly
1630 only on a black background. When this was released, the X/Open
1631 specification was available only in draft form.
1633 Some applications (such as lxdialog) were "fixed" to work with the
1634 incorrect color scheme.
1637 IF YOU ARE A SYSTEM INTEGRATOR:
1638 ------------------------------
1640 Configuration and Installation:
1642 On platforms where ncurses is assumed to be installed in /usr/lib,
1643 the configure script uses "/usr" as a default:
1645 GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Cygwin
1647 For other platforms, the default is "/usr/local". See the discussion
1648 of the "--disable-overwrite" option.
1650 The location of the terminfo is set indirectly by the "--datadir"
1651 configure option, e.g., /usr/share/terminfo, given a datadir of
1652 /usr/share. You may want to override this if you are installing
1653 ncurses libraries in nonstandard locations, but wish to share the
1656 Normally the ncurses library is configured in a pure-terminfo mode;
1657 that is, with the --disable-termcap option. This makes the ncurses
1658 library smaller and faster. The ncurses library includes a termcap
1659 emulation that queries the terminfo database, so even applications that
1660 use raw termcap to query terminal characteristics will win (providing
1661 you recompile and relink them!).
1663 If you must configure with termcap fallback enabled, you may also wish
1664 to use the --enable-getcap option. This speeds up termcap-based
1665 startups, at the expense of not allowing personal termcap entries to
1666 reference the terminfo tree. See comments in
1667 ncurses/tinfo/read_termcap.c for further details.
1669 Note that if you have $TERMCAP set, ncurses will use that value
1670 to locate termcap data. In particular, running from xterm will
1671 set $TERMCAP to the contents of the xterm's termcap entry.
1672 If ncurses sees that, it will not examine /etc/termcap.
1676 The terminfo file assumes that Shift-Tab generates \E[Z (the ECMA-48
1677 reverse-tabulation sequence) rather than ^I. Here are the loadkeys -d
1678 mappings that will set this up:
1680 keycode 15 = Tab Tab
1681 alt keycode 15 = Meta_Tab
1682 shift keycode 15 = F26
1683 string F26 ="\033[Z"
1685 Naming the Console Terminal
1687 In various systems there has been a practice of designating the system
1688 console driver type as `console'. Please do not do this! It
1689 complicates peoples' lives, because it can mean that several different
1690 terminfo entries from different operating systems all logically want to
1691 be called `console'.
1693 Please pick a name unique to your console driver and set that up
1694 in the /etc/inittab table or local equivalent. Send the entry to the
1695 terminfo maintainer (listed in the misc/terminfo file) to be included
1696 in the terminfo file, if it's not already there. See the
1697 term(7) manual page included with this distribution for more on
1698 conventions for choosing type names.
1700 Here are some recommended primary console names:
1702 linux -- Linux console driver
1707 If you are responsible for integrating ncurses for one of these
1708 distributions, please either use the recommended name or get back
1709 to us explaining why you don't want to, so we can work out nomenclature
1710 that will make users' lives easier rather than harder.
1713 RECENT XTERM VERSIONS:
1714 ---------------------
1716 The terminfo database file included with this distribution assumes you
1717 are running a modern xterm based on XFree86 (i.e., xterm-new). The
1718 earlier X11R6 entry (xterm-r6) and X11R5 entry (xterm-r5) is provided
1719 as well. See the --without-xterm-new configure script option if you
1720 are unable to update your system.
1723 CONFIGURING FALLBACK ENTRIES:
1724 ----------------------------
1726 In order to support operation of ncurses programs before the terminfo
1727 tree is accessible (that is, in single-user mode or at OS installation
1728 time) the ncurses library can be compiled to include an array of
1729 pre-fetched fallback entries. This must be done on a machine which
1730 has ncurses' infocmp and terminfo database installed (as well as
1731 ncurses' tic and infocmp programs).
1733 These entries are checked by setupterm() only when the conventional
1734 fetches from the terminfo tree and the termcap fallback (if configured)
1735 have been tried and failed. Thus, the presence of a fallback will not
1736 shadow modifications to the on-disk entry for the same type, when that
1737 entry is accessible.
1739 By default, there are no entries on the fallback list. After you have
1740 built the ncurses suite for the first time, you can change the list
1741 (the process needs infocmp(1)). To do so, use the script
1742 ncurses/tinfo/MKfallback.sh. The configure script option
1743 --with-fallbacks does this (it accepts a comma-separated list of the
1744 names you wish, and does not require a rebuild).
1746 If you wanted (say) to have linux, vt100, and xterm fallbacks, you
1747 might use the commands
1750 tinfo/MKfallback.sh \
1752 ../misc/terminfo.src \
1754 linux vt100 xterm >fallback.c
1756 The first three parameters of the script are normally supplied by
1757 the configured makefiles via the "--with-fallbacks" option. They
1760 1) the location of the terminfo database
1761 2) the source for the terminfo entries
1762 3) the location of the tic program, used to create a terminfo
1765 Then just rebuild and reinstall the library as you would normally.
1766 You can restore the default empty fallback list with
1768 tinfo/MKfallback.sh \
1770 ../misc/terminfo.src \
1774 The overhead for an empty fallback list is one trivial stub function.
1775 Any non-empty fallback list is const-ed and therefore lives in sharable
1776 text space. You can look at the comment trailing each initializer in
1777 the generated ncurses/fallback.c file to see the core cost of the
1778 fallbacks. A good rule of thumb for modern vt100-like entries is that
1779 each one will cost about 2.5K of text space.
1782 BSD CONVERSION NOTES:
1783 --------------------
1785 If you need to support really ancient BSD programs, you probably
1786 want to configure with the --enable-bsdpad option. What this does
1787 is enable code in tputs() that recognizes a numeric prefix on a
1788 capability as a request for that much trailing padding in milliseconds.
1789 There are old BSD programs that do things like tputs("50").
1791 (If you are distributing ncurses as a support-library component of
1792 an application you probably want to put the remainder of this section
1793 in the package README file.)
1795 The following note applies only if you have configured ncurses with
1798 ------------------------------- CUT HERE --------------------------------
1800 If you are installing this application privately (either because you
1801 have no root access or want to experiment with it before doing a root
1802 installation), there are a couple of details you need to be aware of.
1803 They have to do with the ncurses library, which uses terminfo rather
1804 than termcap for describing terminal characteristics.
1806 Though the ncurses library is terminfo-based, it will interpret your
1807 TERMCAP variable (if present), any local termcap files you reference
1808 through it, and the system termcap file. However, in order to avoid
1809 slowing down your application startup, it will only do this once per
1812 The first time you load a given terminal type from your termcap
1813 database, the library initialization code will automatically write it
1814 in terminfo format to a subdirectory under $HOME/.terminfo. After
1815 that, the initialization code will find it there and do a (much
1816 faster) terminfo fetch.
1818 Usually, all this means is that your home directory will silently grow
1819 an invisible .terminfo subdirectory which will get filled in with
1820 terminfo descriptions of terminal types as you invoke them. If anyone
1821 ever installs a global terminfo tree on your system, this will quietly
1822 stop happening and your $HOME/.terminfo will become redundant.
1824 The objective of all this logic is to make converting from BSD termcap
1825 as painless as possible without slowing down your application (termcap
1826 compilation is expensive).
1828 If you don't have a TERMCAP variable or custom personal termcap file,
1829 you can skip the rest of this dissertation.
1831 If you *do* have a TERMCAP variable and/or a custom personal termcap file
1832 that defines a terminal type, that definition will stop being visible
1833 to this application after the first time you run it, because it will
1834 instead see the terminfo entry that it wrote to $HOME/terminfo the
1837 Subsequently, editing the TERMCAP variable or personal TERMCAP file
1838 will have no effect unless you explicitly remove the terminfo entry
1839 under $HOME/terminfo. If you do that, the entry will be recompiled
1840 from your termcap resources the next time it is invoked.
1842 To avoid these complications, use infocmp(1) and tic(1) to edit the
1843 terminfo directory directly.
1845 ------------------------------- CUT HERE --------------------------------
1847 USING NCURSES WITH AFS:
1848 AFS treats each directory as a separate logical filesystem, you
1849 can't hard-link across them. The --enable-symlinks option copes
1850 with this by making tic use symbolic links.
1852 USING NCURSES WITH GPM:
1853 Ncurses 4.1 and up can be configured to use GPM (General Purpose Mouse)
1854 which is used with Linux console. Be aware that GPM is commonly
1855 installed as a shared library which contains a wrapper for the curses
1856 wgetch() function (libcurses.o). Some integrators have simplified
1857 linking applications by combining all or part of libcurses.so into the
1858 libgpm.so file, producing symbol conflicts with ncurses (specifically
1859 the wgetch function). This was originally the BSD curses, but
1860 generally whatever curses library exists on the system.
1862 You may be able to work around this problem by linking as follows:
1864 cc -o foo foo.o -lncurses -lgpm -lncurses
1866 but the linker may not cooperate, producing mysterious errors.
1867 See the FAQ, as well as the discussion under the --with-gpm option:
1869 http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html#using_gpm_lib
1871 BUILDING NCURSES WITH A CROSS-COMPILER
1872 Ncurses can be built with a cross-compiler. Some parts must be built
1873 with the host's compiler since they are used for building programs
1874 (e.g., ncurses/make_hash and ncurses/make_keys) that generate tables
1875 that are compiled into the ncurses library. The essential thing to do
1876 is set the BUILD_CC environment variable to your host's compiler, and
1877 run the configure script configuring for the cross-compiler.
1879 The configure options --with-build-cc, etc., are provided to make this
1880 simpler. Since make_hash and make_keys use only ANSI C features, it
1881 is normally not necessary to provide the other options such as
1882 --with-build-libs, but they are provided for completeness.
1884 Note that all of the generated source-files which are part of ncurses
1885 will be made if you use
1889 This would be useful in porting to an environment which has little
1890 support for the tools used to generate the sources, e.g., sed, awk and
1893 When ncurses has been successfully cross-compiled, you may want to use
1894 "make install" (with a suitable target directory) to construct an
1895 install tree. Note that in this case (as with the --with-fallbacks
1896 option), ncurses uses the development platform's tic to do the
1897 "make install.data" portion.
1899 The system's tic program is used to install the terminal database,
1900 even for cross-compiles. For best results, the tic program should
1901 be from the most current version of ncurses.
1904 Send any feedback to the ncurses mailing list at
1905 bug-ncurses@gnu.org. To subscribe send mail to
1906 bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org with body that reads:
1907 subscribe ncurses <your-email-address-here>
1909 The Hacker's Guide in the doc directory includes some guidelines
1910 on how to report bugs in ways that will get them fixed most quickly.