3 * DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND!
4 * It is generated from terminfo.head, ./../include/Caps ./../include/Caps-ncurses, and terminfo.tail.
5 * Note: this must be run through tbl before nroff.
6 * The magic cookie on the first line triggers this under some man programs.
7 ****************************************************************************
8 * Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
9 * Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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34 ****************************************************************************
35 * @Id: terminfo.head,v 1.63 2024/01/13 23:07:27 tom Exp @
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42 <TITLE>terminfo 5 2024-01-13 ncurses 6.4 File formats</TITLE>
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47 <H1 class="no-header">terminfo 5 2024-01-13 ncurses 6.4 File formats</H1>
49 <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> File formats <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
54 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
55 <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> - terminal capability database
58 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
59 /usr/share/terminfo/*/*
62 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
63 <EM>Terminfo</EM> is a database describing terminals, used by screen-oriented
64 programs such as <STRONG>nvi(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>lynx(1)</STRONG>, <STRONG>mutt(1)</STRONG>, and other curses
65 applications, using high-level calls to libraries such as <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
66 It is also used via low-level calls by non-curses applications which
67 may be screen-oriented (such as <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>) or non-screen (such as
68 <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>).
70 <EM>Terminfo</EM> describes terminals by giving a set of capabilities which they
71 have, by specifying how to perform screen operations, and by specifying
72 padding requirements and initialization sequences.
74 This manual describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.4 (patch 20240113).
77 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-terminfo-Entry-Syntax"><EM>terminfo</EM> Entry Syntax</a></H3><PRE>
78 Entries in <EM>terminfo</EM> consist of a sequence of fields:
80 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Each field ends with a comma "," (embedded commas may be escaped
81 with a backslash or written as "\054").
83 <STRONG>o</STRONG> White space between fields is ignored.
85 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The first field in a <EM>terminfo</EM> entry begins in the first column.
87 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Newlines and leading whitespace (spaces or tabs) may be used for
88 formatting entries for readability. These are removed from parsed
91 The <STRONG>infocmp</STRONG> <STRONG>-f</STRONG> and <STRONG>-W</STRONG> options rely on this to format if-then-else
92 expressions, or to enforce maximum line-width. The resulting
93 formatted terminal description can be read by <STRONG>tic</STRONG>.
95 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The first field for each terminal gives the names which are known
96 for the terminal, separated by "|" characters.
98 The first name given is the most common abbreviation for the
99 terminal (its primary name), the last name given should be a long
100 name fully identifying the terminal (see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">longname(3x)</A></STRONG>), and all
101 others are treated as synonyms (aliases) for the primary terminal
104 X/Open Curses advises that all names but the last should be in
105 lower case and contain no blanks; the last name may well contain
106 upper case and blanks for readability.
108 This implementation is not so strict; it allows mixed case in the
109 primary name and aliases. If the last name has no embedded blanks,
110 it allows that to be both an alias and a verbose name (but will
111 warn about this ambiguity).
113 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Lines beginning with a "#" in the first column are treated as
116 While comment lines are valid at any point, the output of <STRONG>captoinfo</STRONG>
117 and <STRONG>infotocap</STRONG> (aliases for <STRONG>tic</STRONG>) will move comments so they occur
118 only between entries.
120 Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry) should be chosen
121 using the following conventions. The particular piece of hardware
122 making up the terminal should have a root name, thus "hp2621". This
123 name should not contain hyphens. Modes that the hardware can be in, or
124 user preferences, should be indicated by appending a hyphen and a mode
125 suffix. Thus, a vt100 in 132-column mode would be vt100-w. The
126 following suffixes should be used where possible:
128 <STRONG>Suffix</STRONG> <STRONG>Example</STRONG> <STRONG>Meaning</STRONG>
129 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
130 -<EM>nn</EM> aaa-60 Number of lines on the screen
131 -<EM>n</EM>p c100-4p Number of pages of memory
132 -am vt100-am With automargins (usually the default)
133 -m ansi-m Mono mode; suppress color
134 -mc wy30-mc Magic cookie; spaces when highlighting
135 -na c100-na No arrow keys (leave them in local)
136 -nam vt100-nam Without automatic margins
137 -nl hp2621-nl No status line
138 -ns hp2626-ns No status line
139 -rv c100-rv Reverse video
140 -s vt100-s Enable status line
141 -vb wy370-vb Use visible bell instead of beep
142 -w vt100-w Wide mode (> 80 columns, usually 132)
144 For more on terminal naming conventions, see the <STRONG><A HREF="term.7.html">term(7)</A></STRONG> manual page.
147 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-terminfo-Capabilities-Syntax"><EM>terminfo</EM> Capabilities Syntax</a></H3><PRE>
148 The terminfo entry consists of several <EM>capabilities</EM>, i.e., features
149 that the terminal has, or methods for exercising the terminal's
152 After the first field (giving the name(s) of the terminal entry), there
153 should be one or more <EM>capability</EM> fields. These are Boolean, numeric or
154 string names with corresponding values:
156 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Boolean capabilities are true when present, false when absent.
157 There is no explicit value for Boolean capabilities.
159 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Numeric capabilities have a "#" following the name, then an
160 unsigned decimal integer value.
162 <STRONG>o</STRONG> String capabilities have a "=" following the name, then an string
163 of characters making up the capability value.
165 String capabilities can be split into multiple lines, just as the
166 fields comprising a terminal entry can be split into multiple
167 lines. While blanks between fields are ignored, blanks embedded
168 within a string value are retained, except for leading blanks on a
171 Any capability can be <EM>canceled</EM>, i.e., suppressed from the terminal
172 entry, by following its name with "@" rather than a capability value.
175 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Similar-Terminals">Similar Terminals</a></H3><PRE>
176 If there are two very similar terminals, one (the variant) can be
177 defined as being just like the other (the base) with certain
178 exceptions. In the definition of the variant, the string capability
179 <STRONG>use</STRONG> can be given with the name of the base terminal:
181 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The capabilities given before <STRONG>use</STRONG> override those in the base type
182 named by <STRONG>use</STRONG>.
184 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If there are multiple <STRONG>use</STRONG> capabilities, they are merged in reverse
185 order. That is, the rightmost <STRONG>use</STRONG> reference is processed first,
186 then the one to its left, and so forth.
188 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Capabilities given explicitly in the entry override those brought
189 in by <STRONG>use</STRONG> references.
191 A capability can be canceled by placing <STRONG>xx@</STRONG> to the left of the use
192 reference that imports it, where <EM>xx</EM> is the capability. For example,
195 2621-nl, smkx@, rmkx@, use=2621,
197 defines a 2621-nl that does not have the <STRONG>smkx</STRONG> or <STRONG>rmkx</STRONG> capabilities, and
198 hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode.
199 This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different
202 An entry included via <STRONG>use</STRONG> can contain canceled capabilities, which have
203 the same effect as if those cancels were inline in the using terminal
207 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Predefined-Capabilities">Predefined Capabilities</a></H3><PRE>
208 The following is a complete table of the capabilities included in a
209 terminfo description block and available to terminfo-using code. In
210 each line of the table,
212 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>variable</STRONG> is the name by which the programmer (at the terminfo
213 level) accesses the capability.
215 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>capname</STRONG> (<EM>Cap-name</EM>) is the short name used in the text of the
216 database, and is used by a person updating the database.
218 Whenever possible, capnames are chosen to be the same as or similar
219 to the ANSI X3.64-1979 standard (now superseded by ECMA-48, which
220 uses identical or very similar names). Semantics are also intended
221 to match those of the specification.
223 Capability names have no hard length limit, but an informal limit
224 of 5 characters has been adopted to keep them short and to allow
225 the tabs in the source file <STRONG>Caps</STRONG> to line up nicely.
227 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> (<EM>Tcap</EM>) code is the old capability name (some
228 capabilities are new, and have names which termcap did not
231 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Finally, the <STRONG>description</STRONG> field attempts to convey the semantics of
234 You may find some codes in the description field:
236 (P) indicates that padding may be specified
238 #[1-9] in the description field indicates that the string is passed
239 through <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> with parameters as given (#<EM>i</EM>).
241 If no parameters are listed in the description, passing the
242 string through <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG> may give unexpected results, e.g., if
243 it contains percent (%%) signs.
245 (P*) indicates that padding may vary in proportion to the number of
248 (#<EM>i</EM>) indicates the <EM>i</EM>th parameter.
250 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
251 <STRONG>Boolean</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
252 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
254 <STRONG>auto_left_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>bw</STRONG> <STRONG>bw</STRONG> cub1 wraps from column 0 to
256 <STRONG>auto_right_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>am</STRONG> <STRONG>am</STRONG> terminal has automatic margins
257 <STRONG>no_esc_ctlc</STRONG> <STRONG>xsb</STRONG> <STRONG>xb</STRONG> beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C)
258 <STRONG>ceol_standout_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>xhp</STRONG> <STRONG>xs</STRONG> standout not erased by
260 <STRONG>eat_newline_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>xenl</STRONG> <STRONG>xn</STRONG> newline ignored after 80 cols
262 <STRONG>erase_overstrike</STRONG> <STRONG>eo</STRONG> <STRONG>eo</STRONG> can erase overstrikes with a
264 <STRONG>generic_type</STRONG> <STRONG>gn</STRONG> <STRONG>gn</STRONG> generic line type
265 <STRONG>hard_copy</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG> <STRONG>hc</STRONG> hardcopy terminal
266 <STRONG>has_meta_key</STRONG> <STRONG>km</STRONG> <STRONG>km</STRONG> Has a meta key (i.e., sets 8th-
268 <STRONG>has_status_line</STRONG> <STRONG>hs</STRONG> <STRONG>hs</STRONG> has extra status line
269 <STRONG>insert_null_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> <STRONG>in</STRONG> insert mode distinguishes nulls
270 <STRONG>memory_above</STRONG> <STRONG>da</STRONG> <STRONG>da</STRONG> display may be retained above
272 <STRONG>memory_below</STRONG> <STRONG>db</STRONG> <STRONG>db</STRONG> display may be retained below
274 <STRONG>move_insert_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>mir</STRONG> <STRONG>mi</STRONG> safe to move while in insert
276 <STRONG>move_standout_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>msgr</STRONG> <STRONG>ms</STRONG> safe to move while in standout
278 <STRONG>over_strike</STRONG> <STRONG>os</STRONG> <STRONG>os</STRONG> terminal can overstrike
279 <STRONG>status_line_esc_ok</STRONG> <STRONG>eslok</STRONG> <STRONG>es</STRONG> escape can be used on the
281 <STRONG>dest_tabs_magic_smso</STRONG> <STRONG>xt</STRONG> <STRONG>xt</STRONG> tabs destructive, magic so char
283 <STRONG>tilde_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>hz</STRONG> <STRONG>hz</STRONG> cannot print ~'s (Hazeltine)
284 <STRONG>transparent_underline</STRONG> <STRONG>ul</STRONG> <STRONG>ul</STRONG> underline character overstrikes
285 <STRONG>xon_xoff</STRONG> <STRONG>xon</STRONG> <STRONG>xo</STRONG> terminal uses xon/xoff
287 <STRONG>needs_xon_xoff</STRONG> <STRONG>nxon</STRONG> <STRONG>nx</STRONG> padding will not work, xon/xoff
289 <STRONG>prtr_silent</STRONG> <STRONG>mc5i</STRONG> <STRONG>5i</STRONG> printer will not echo on screen
290 <STRONG>hard_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>chts</STRONG> <STRONG>HC</STRONG> cursor is hard to see
291 <STRONG>non_rev_rmcup</STRONG> <STRONG>nrrmc</STRONG> <STRONG>NR</STRONG> smcup does not reverse rmcup
292 <STRONG>no_pad_char</STRONG> <STRONG>npc</STRONG> <STRONG>NP</STRONG> pad character does not exist
293 <STRONG>non_dest_scroll_region</STRONG> <STRONG>ndscr</STRONG> <STRONG>ND</STRONG> scrolling region is non-
295 <STRONG>can_change</STRONG> <STRONG>ccc</STRONG> <STRONG>cc</STRONG> terminal can re-define existing
297 <STRONG>back_color_erase</STRONG> <STRONG>bce</STRONG> <STRONG>ut</STRONG> screen erased with background
299 <STRONG>hue_lightness_saturation</STRONG> <STRONG>hls</STRONG> <STRONG>hl</STRONG> terminal uses only HLS color
301 <STRONG>col_addr_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>xhpa</STRONG> <STRONG>YA</STRONG> only positive motion for
303 <STRONG>cr_cancels_micro_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>crxm</STRONG> <STRONG>YB</STRONG> using cr turns off micro mode
304 <STRONG>has_print_wheel</STRONG> <STRONG>daisy</STRONG> <STRONG>YC</STRONG> printer needs operator to
306 <STRONG>row_addr_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>xvpa</STRONG> <STRONG>YD</STRONG> only positive motion for
308 <STRONG>semi_auto_right_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>sam</STRONG> <STRONG>YE</STRONG> printing in last column causes
310 <STRONG>cpi_changes_res</STRONG> <STRONG>cpix</STRONG> <STRONG>YF</STRONG> changing character pitch
312 <STRONG>lpi_changes_res</STRONG> <STRONG>lpix</STRONG> <STRONG>YG</STRONG> changing line pitch changes
315 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
316 <STRONG>Numeric</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
317 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
318 <STRONG>columns</STRONG> <STRONG>cols</STRONG> <STRONG>co</STRONG> number of columns in a line
320 <STRONG>init_tabs</STRONG> <STRONG>it</STRONG> <STRONG>it</STRONG> tabs initially every # spaces
321 <STRONG>lines</STRONG> <STRONG>lines</STRONG> <STRONG>li</STRONG> number of lines on screen or
323 <STRONG>lines_of_memory</STRONG> <STRONG>lm</STRONG> <STRONG>lm</STRONG> lines of memory if > line. 0
325 <STRONG>magic_cookie_glitch</STRONG> <STRONG>xmc</STRONG> <STRONG>sg</STRONG> number of blank characters left
327 <STRONG>padding_baud_rate</STRONG> <STRONG>pb</STRONG> <STRONG>pb</STRONG> lowest baud rate where padding
329 <STRONG>virtual_terminal</STRONG> <STRONG>vt</STRONG> <STRONG>vt</STRONG> virtual terminal number
331 <STRONG>width_status_line</STRONG> <STRONG>wsl</STRONG> <STRONG>ws</STRONG> number of columns in status
333 <STRONG>num_labels</STRONG> <STRONG>nlab</STRONG> <STRONG>Nl</STRONG> number of labels on screen
334 <STRONG>label_height</STRONG> <STRONG>lh</STRONG> <STRONG>lh</STRONG> rows in each label
335 <STRONG>label_width</STRONG> <STRONG>lw</STRONG> <STRONG>lw</STRONG> columns in each label
336 <STRONG>max_attributes</STRONG> <STRONG>ma</STRONG> <STRONG>ma</STRONG> maximum combined attributes
338 <STRONG>maximum_windows</STRONG> <STRONG>wnum</STRONG> <STRONG>MW</STRONG> maximum number of definable
340 <STRONG>max_colors</STRONG> <STRONG>colors</STRONG> <STRONG>Co</STRONG> maximum number of colors on
342 <STRONG>max_pairs</STRONG> <STRONG>pairs</STRONG> <STRONG>pa</STRONG> maximum number of color-pairs
344 <STRONG>no_color_video</STRONG> <STRONG>ncv</STRONG> <STRONG>NC</STRONG> video attributes that cannot be
347 The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
348 structure, but are not yet documented in the man page. They came in
349 with SVr4's printer support.
351 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
352 <STRONG>Numeric</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
353 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
354 <STRONG>buffer_capacity</STRONG> <STRONG>bufsz</STRONG> <STRONG>Ya</STRONG> numbers of bytes buffered
356 <STRONG>dot_vert_spacing</STRONG> <STRONG>spinv</STRONG> <STRONG>Yb</STRONG> spacing of pins vertically in
358 <STRONG>dot_horz_spacing</STRONG> <STRONG>spinh</STRONG> <STRONG>Yc</STRONG> spacing of dots horizontally in
360 <STRONG>max_micro_address</STRONG> <STRONG>maddr</STRONG> <STRONG>Yd</STRONG> maximum value in
362 <STRONG>max_micro_jump</STRONG> <STRONG>mjump</STRONG> <STRONG>Ye</STRONG> maximum value in parm_..._micro
363 <STRONG>micro_col_size</STRONG> <STRONG>mcs</STRONG> <STRONG>Yf</STRONG> character step size when in
365 <STRONG>micro_line_size</STRONG> <STRONG>mls</STRONG> <STRONG>Yg</STRONG> line step size when in micro
367 <STRONG>number_of_pins</STRONG> <STRONG>npins</STRONG> <STRONG>Yh</STRONG> numbers of pins in print-head
368 <STRONG>output_res_char</STRONG> <STRONG>orc</STRONG> <STRONG>Yi</STRONG> horizontal resolution in units
370 <STRONG>output_res_line</STRONG> <STRONG>orl</STRONG> <STRONG>Yj</STRONG> vertical resolution in units
372 <STRONG>output_res_horz_inch</STRONG> <STRONG>orhi</STRONG> <STRONG>Yk</STRONG> horizontal resolution in units
374 <STRONG>output_res_vert_inch</STRONG> <STRONG>orvi</STRONG> <STRONG>Yl</STRONG> vertical resolution in units
376 <STRONG>print_rate</STRONG> <STRONG>cps</STRONG> <STRONG>Ym</STRONG> print rate in characters per
378 <STRONG>wide_char_size</STRONG> <STRONG>widcs</STRONG> <STRONG>Yn</STRONG> character step size when in
380 <STRONG>buttons</STRONG> <STRONG>btns</STRONG> <STRONG>BT</STRONG> number of buttons on mouse
381 <STRONG>bit_image_entwining</STRONG> <STRONG>bitwin</STRONG> <STRONG>Yo</STRONG> number of passes for each bit-
383 <STRONG>bit_image_type</STRONG> <STRONG>bitype</STRONG> <STRONG>Yp</STRONG> type of bit-image device
385 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
387 <STRONG>String</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
388 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
389 <STRONG>back_tab</STRONG> <STRONG>cbt</STRONG> <STRONG>bt</STRONG> back tab (P)
390 <STRONG>bell</STRONG> <STRONG>bel</STRONG> <STRONG>bl</STRONG> audible signal (bell) (P)
391 <STRONG>carriage_return</STRONG> <STRONG>cr</STRONG> <STRONG>cr</STRONG> carriage return (P*) (P*)
392 <STRONG>change_scroll_region</STRONG> <STRONG>csr</STRONG> <STRONG>cs</STRONG> change region to line #1 to
394 <STRONG>clear_all_tabs</STRONG> <STRONG>tbc</STRONG> <STRONG>ct</STRONG> clear all tab stops (P)
395 <STRONG>clear_screen</STRONG> <STRONG>clear</STRONG> <STRONG>cl</STRONG> clear screen and home cursor
397 <STRONG>clr_eol</STRONG> <STRONG>el</STRONG> <STRONG>ce</STRONG> clear to end of line (P)
398 <STRONG>clr_eos</STRONG> <STRONG>ed</STRONG> <STRONG>cd</STRONG> clear to end of screen (P*)
399 <STRONG>column_address</STRONG> <STRONG>hpa</STRONG> <STRONG>ch</STRONG> horizontal position #1,
401 <STRONG>command_character</STRONG> <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG> <STRONG>CC</STRONG> terminal settable cmd
402 character in prototype !?
403 <STRONG>cursor_address</STRONG> <STRONG>cup</STRONG> <STRONG>cm</STRONG> move to row #1 columns #2
404 <STRONG>cursor_down</STRONG> <STRONG>cud1</STRONG> <STRONG>do</STRONG> down one line
405 <STRONG>cursor_home</STRONG> <STRONG>home</STRONG> <STRONG>ho</STRONG> home cursor (if no cup)
406 <STRONG>cursor_invisible</STRONG> <STRONG>civis</STRONG> <STRONG>vi</STRONG> make cursor invisible
407 <STRONG>cursor_left</STRONG> <STRONG>cub1</STRONG> <STRONG>le</STRONG> move left one space
408 <STRONG>cursor_mem_address</STRONG> <STRONG>mrcup</STRONG> <STRONG>CM</STRONG> memory relative cursor
409 addressing, move to row #1
411 <STRONG>cursor_normal</STRONG> <STRONG>cnorm</STRONG> <STRONG>ve</STRONG> make cursor appear normal
413 <STRONG>cursor_right</STRONG> <STRONG>cuf1</STRONG> <STRONG>nd</STRONG> non-destructive space (move
415 <STRONG>cursor_to_ll</STRONG> <STRONG>ll</STRONG> <STRONG>ll</STRONG> last line, first column (if
417 <STRONG>cursor_up</STRONG> <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG> <STRONG>up</STRONG> up one line
418 <STRONG>cursor_visible</STRONG> <STRONG>cvvis</STRONG> <STRONG>vs</STRONG> make cursor very visible
419 <STRONG>delete_character</STRONG> <STRONG>dch1</STRONG> <STRONG>dc</STRONG> delete character (P*)
420 <STRONG>delete_line</STRONG> <STRONG>dl1</STRONG> <STRONG>dl</STRONG> delete line (P*)
421 <STRONG>dis_status_line</STRONG> <STRONG>dsl</STRONG> <STRONG>ds</STRONG> disable status line
422 <STRONG>down_half_line</STRONG> <STRONG>hd</STRONG> <STRONG>hd</STRONG> half a line down
423 <STRONG>enter_alt_charset_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smacs</STRONG> <STRONG>as</STRONG> start alternate character set
425 <STRONG>enter_blink_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>blink</STRONG> <STRONG>mb</STRONG> turn on blinking
426 <STRONG>enter_bold_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>bold</STRONG> <STRONG>md</STRONG> turn on bold (extra bright)
428 <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smcup</STRONG> <STRONG>ti</STRONG> string to start programs
430 <STRONG>enter_delete_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smdc</STRONG> <STRONG>dm</STRONG> enter delete mode
431 <STRONG>enter_dim_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>dim</STRONG> <STRONG>mh</STRONG> turn on half-bright mode
432 <STRONG>enter_insert_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smir</STRONG> <STRONG>im</STRONG> enter insert mode
433 <STRONG>enter_secure_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>invis</STRONG> <STRONG>mk</STRONG> turn on blank mode
434 (characters invisible)
435 <STRONG>enter_protected_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>prot</STRONG> <STRONG>mp</STRONG> turn on protected mode
436 <STRONG>enter_reverse_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rev</STRONG> <STRONG>mr</STRONG> turn on reverse video mode
437 <STRONG>enter_standout_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smso</STRONG> <STRONG>so</STRONG> begin standout mode
438 <STRONG>enter_underline_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smul</STRONG> <STRONG>us</STRONG> begin underline mode
439 <STRONG>erase_chars</STRONG> <STRONG>ech</STRONG> <STRONG>ec</STRONG> erase #1 characters (P)
440 <STRONG>exit_alt_charset_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmacs</STRONG> <STRONG>ae</STRONG> end alternate character set
442 <STRONG>exit_attribute_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>sgr0</STRONG> <STRONG>me</STRONG> turn off all attributes
443 <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmcup</STRONG> <STRONG>te</STRONG> strings to end programs using
445 <STRONG>exit_delete_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmdc</STRONG> <STRONG>ed</STRONG> end delete mode
446 <STRONG>exit_insert_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmir</STRONG> <STRONG>ei</STRONG> exit insert mode
447 <STRONG>exit_standout_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmso</STRONG> <STRONG>se</STRONG> exit standout mode
448 <STRONG>exit_underline_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmul</STRONG> <STRONG>ue</STRONG> exit underline mode
449 <STRONG>flash_screen</STRONG> <STRONG>flash</STRONG> <STRONG>vb</STRONG> visible bell (may not move
453 <STRONG>form_feed</STRONG> <STRONG>ff</STRONG> <STRONG>ff</STRONG> hardcopy terminal page eject
455 <STRONG>from_status_line</STRONG> <STRONG>fsl</STRONG> <STRONG>fs</STRONG> return from status line
456 <STRONG>init_1string</STRONG> <STRONG>is1</STRONG> <STRONG>i1</STRONG> initialization string
457 <STRONG>init_2string</STRONG> <STRONG>is2</STRONG> <STRONG>is</STRONG> initialization string
458 <STRONG>init_3string</STRONG> <STRONG>is3</STRONG> <STRONG>i3</STRONG> initialization string
459 <STRONG>init_file</STRONG> <STRONG>if</STRONG> <STRONG>if</STRONG> name of initialization file
460 <STRONG>insert_character</STRONG> <STRONG>ich1</STRONG> <STRONG>ic</STRONG> insert character (P)
461 <STRONG>insert_line</STRONG> <STRONG>il1</STRONG> <STRONG>al</STRONG> insert line (P*)
462 <STRONG>insert_padding</STRONG> <STRONG>ip</STRONG> <STRONG>ip</STRONG> insert padding after inserted
464 <STRONG>key_backspace</STRONG> <STRONG>kbs</STRONG> <STRONG>kb</STRONG> backspace key
465 <STRONG>key_catab</STRONG> <STRONG>ktbc</STRONG> <STRONG>ka</STRONG> clear-all-tabs key
466 <STRONG>key_clear</STRONG> <STRONG>kclr</STRONG> <STRONG>kC</STRONG> clear-screen or erase key
467 <STRONG>key_ctab</STRONG> <STRONG>kctab</STRONG> <STRONG>kt</STRONG> clear-tab key
468 <STRONG>key_dc</STRONG> <STRONG>kdch1</STRONG> <STRONG>kD</STRONG> delete-character key
469 <STRONG>key_dl</STRONG> <STRONG>kdl1</STRONG> <STRONG>kL</STRONG> delete-line key
470 <STRONG>key_down</STRONG> <STRONG>kcud1</STRONG> <STRONG>kd</STRONG> down-arrow key
471 <STRONG>key_eic</STRONG> <STRONG>krmir</STRONG> <STRONG>kM</STRONG> sent by rmir or smir in
473 <STRONG>key_eol</STRONG> <STRONG>kel</STRONG> <STRONG>kE</STRONG> clear-to-end-of-line key
474 <STRONG>key_eos</STRONG> <STRONG>ked</STRONG> <STRONG>kS</STRONG> clear-to-end-of-screen key
475 <STRONG>key_f0</STRONG> <STRONG>kf0</STRONG> <STRONG>k0</STRONG> F0 function key
476 <STRONG>key_f1</STRONG> <STRONG>kf1</STRONG> <STRONG>k1</STRONG> F1 function key
477 <STRONG>key_f10</STRONG> <STRONG>kf10</STRONG> <STRONG>k;</STRONG> F10 function key
478 <STRONG>key_f2</STRONG> <STRONG>kf2</STRONG> <STRONG>k2</STRONG> F2 function key
479 <STRONG>key_f3</STRONG> <STRONG>kf3</STRONG> <STRONG>k3</STRONG> F3 function key
480 <STRONG>key_f4</STRONG> <STRONG>kf4</STRONG> <STRONG>k4</STRONG> F4 function key
481 <STRONG>key_f5</STRONG> <STRONG>kf5</STRONG> <STRONG>k5</STRONG> F5 function key
482 <STRONG>key_f6</STRONG> <STRONG>kf6</STRONG> <STRONG>k6</STRONG> F6 function key
483 <STRONG>key_f7</STRONG> <STRONG>kf7</STRONG> <STRONG>k7</STRONG> F7 function key
484 <STRONG>key_f8</STRONG> <STRONG>kf8</STRONG> <STRONG>k8</STRONG> F8 function key
485 <STRONG>key_f9</STRONG> <STRONG>kf9</STRONG> <STRONG>k9</STRONG> F9 function key
486 <STRONG>key_home</STRONG> <STRONG>khome</STRONG> <STRONG>kh</STRONG> home key
487 <STRONG>key_ic</STRONG> <STRONG>kich1</STRONG> <STRONG>kI</STRONG> insert-character key
488 <STRONG>key_il</STRONG> <STRONG>kil1</STRONG> <STRONG>kA</STRONG> insert-line key
489 <STRONG>key_left</STRONG> <STRONG>kcub1</STRONG> <STRONG>kl</STRONG> left-arrow key
490 <STRONG>key_ll</STRONG> <STRONG>kll</STRONG> <STRONG>kH</STRONG> lower-left key (home down)
491 <STRONG>key_npage</STRONG> <STRONG>knp</STRONG> <STRONG>kN</STRONG> next-page key
492 <STRONG>key_ppage</STRONG> <STRONG>kpp</STRONG> <STRONG>kP</STRONG> previous-page key
493 <STRONG>key_right</STRONG> <STRONG>kcuf1</STRONG> <STRONG>kr</STRONG> right-arrow key
494 <STRONG>key_sf</STRONG> <STRONG>kind</STRONG> <STRONG>kF</STRONG> scroll-forward key
495 <STRONG>key_sr</STRONG> <STRONG>kri</STRONG> <STRONG>kR</STRONG> scroll-backward key
496 <STRONG>key_stab</STRONG> <STRONG>khts</STRONG> <STRONG>kT</STRONG> set-tab key
497 <STRONG>key_up</STRONG> <STRONG>kcuu1</STRONG> <STRONG>ku</STRONG> up-arrow key
498 <STRONG>keypad_local</STRONG> <STRONG>rmkx</STRONG> <STRONG>ke</STRONG> leave keyboard transmit mode
499 <STRONG>keypad_xmit</STRONG> <STRONG>smkx</STRONG> <STRONG>ks</STRONG> enter keyboard transmit mode
500 <STRONG>lab_f0</STRONG> <STRONG>lf0</STRONG> <STRONG>l0</STRONG> label on function key f0 if
502 <STRONG>lab_f1</STRONG> <STRONG>lf1</STRONG> <STRONG>l1</STRONG> label on function key f1 if
504 <STRONG>lab_f10</STRONG> <STRONG>lf10</STRONG> <STRONG>la</STRONG> label on function key f10 if
506 <STRONG>lab_f2</STRONG> <STRONG>lf2</STRONG> <STRONG>l2</STRONG> label on function key f2 if
508 <STRONG>lab_f3</STRONG> <STRONG>lf3</STRONG> <STRONG>l3</STRONG> label on function key f3 if
510 <STRONG>lab_f4</STRONG> <STRONG>lf4</STRONG> <STRONG>l4</STRONG> label on function key f4 if
512 <STRONG>lab_f5</STRONG> <STRONG>lf5</STRONG> <STRONG>l5</STRONG> label on function key f5 if
514 <STRONG>lab_f6</STRONG> <STRONG>lf6</STRONG> <STRONG>l6</STRONG> label on function key f6 if
516 <STRONG>lab_f7</STRONG> <STRONG>lf7</STRONG> <STRONG>l7</STRONG> label on function key f7 if
519 <STRONG>lab_f8</STRONG> <STRONG>lf8</STRONG> <STRONG>l8</STRONG> label on function key f8 if
521 <STRONG>lab_f9</STRONG> <STRONG>lf9</STRONG> <STRONG>l9</STRONG> label on function key f9 if
523 <STRONG>meta_off</STRONG> <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> <STRONG>mo</STRONG> turn off meta mode
524 <STRONG>meta_on</STRONG> <STRONG>smm</STRONG> <STRONG>mm</STRONG> turn on meta mode (8th-bit
526 <STRONG>newline</STRONG> <STRONG>nel</STRONG> <STRONG>nw</STRONG> newline (behave like cr
528 <STRONG>pad_char</STRONG> <STRONG>pad</STRONG> <STRONG>pc</STRONG> padding char (instead of
530 <STRONG>parm_dch</STRONG> <STRONG>dch</STRONG> <STRONG>DC</STRONG> delete #1 characters (P*)
531 <STRONG>parm_delete_line</STRONG> <STRONG>dl</STRONG> <STRONG>DL</STRONG> delete #1 lines (P*)
532 <STRONG>parm_down_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>cud</STRONG> <STRONG>DO</STRONG> down #1 lines (P*)
533 <STRONG>parm_ich</STRONG> <STRONG>ich</STRONG> <STRONG>IC</STRONG> insert #1 characters (P*)
534 <STRONG>parm_index</STRONG> <STRONG>indn</STRONG> <STRONG>SF</STRONG> scroll forward #1 lines (P)
535 <STRONG>parm_insert_line</STRONG> <STRONG>il</STRONG> <STRONG>AL</STRONG> insert #1 lines (P*)
536 <STRONG>parm_left_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>cub</STRONG> <STRONG>LE</STRONG> move #1 characters to the
538 <STRONG>parm_right_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>cuf</STRONG> <STRONG>RI</STRONG> move #1 characters to the
540 <STRONG>parm_rindex</STRONG> <STRONG>rin</STRONG> <STRONG>SR</STRONG> scroll back #1 lines (P)
541 <STRONG>parm_up_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>cuu</STRONG> <STRONG>UP</STRONG> up #1 lines (P*)
542 <STRONG>pkey_key</STRONG> <STRONG>pfkey</STRONG> <STRONG>pk</STRONG> program function key #1 to
544 <STRONG>pkey_local</STRONG> <STRONG>pfloc</STRONG> <STRONG>pl</STRONG> program function key #1 to
546 <STRONG>pkey_xmit</STRONG> <STRONG>pfx</STRONG> <STRONG>px</STRONG> program function key #1 to
548 <STRONG>print_screen</STRONG> <STRONG>mc0</STRONG> <STRONG>ps</STRONG> print contents of screen
549 <STRONG>prtr_off</STRONG> <STRONG>mc4</STRONG> <STRONG>pf</STRONG> turn off printer
550 <STRONG>prtr_on</STRONG> <STRONG>mc5</STRONG> <STRONG>po</STRONG> turn on printer
551 <STRONG>repeat_char</STRONG> <STRONG>rep</STRONG> <STRONG>rp</STRONG> repeat char #1 #2 times (P*)
552 <STRONG>reset_1string</STRONG> <STRONG>rs1</STRONG> <STRONG>r1</STRONG> reset string
553 <STRONG>reset_2string</STRONG> <STRONG>rs2</STRONG> <STRONG>r2</STRONG> reset string
554 <STRONG>reset_3string</STRONG> <STRONG>rs3</STRONG> <STRONG>r3</STRONG> reset string
555 <STRONG>reset_file</STRONG> <STRONG>rf</STRONG> <STRONG>rf</STRONG> name of reset file
556 <STRONG>restore_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>rc</STRONG> <STRONG>rc</STRONG> restore cursor to position of
558 <STRONG>row_address</STRONG> <STRONG>vpa</STRONG> <STRONG>cv</STRONG> vertical position #1 absolute
560 <STRONG>save_cursor</STRONG> <STRONG>sc</STRONG> <STRONG>sc</STRONG> save current cursor position
562 <STRONG>scroll_forward</STRONG> <STRONG>ind</STRONG> <STRONG>sf</STRONG> scroll text up (P)
563 <STRONG>scroll_reverse</STRONG> <STRONG>ri</STRONG> <STRONG>sr</STRONG> scroll text down (P)
564 <STRONG>set_attributes</STRONG> <STRONG>sgr</STRONG> <STRONG>sa</STRONG> define video attributes #1-#9
566 <STRONG>set_tab</STRONG> <STRONG>hts</STRONG> <STRONG>st</STRONG> set a tab in every row,
568 <STRONG>set_window</STRONG> <STRONG>wind</STRONG> <STRONG>wi</STRONG> current window is lines #1-#2
570 <STRONG>tab</STRONG> <STRONG>ht</STRONG> <STRONG>ta</STRONG> tab to next 8-space hardware
572 <STRONG>to_status_line</STRONG> <STRONG>tsl</STRONG> <STRONG>ts</STRONG> move to status line, column
574 <STRONG>underline_char</STRONG> <STRONG>uc</STRONG> <STRONG>uc</STRONG> underline char and move past
576 <STRONG>up_half_line</STRONG> <STRONG>hu</STRONG> <STRONG>hu</STRONG> half a line up
577 <STRONG>init_prog</STRONG> <STRONG>iprog</STRONG> <STRONG>iP</STRONG> path name of program for
579 <STRONG>key_a1</STRONG> <STRONG>ka1</STRONG> <STRONG>K1</STRONG> upper left of keypad
580 <STRONG>key_a3</STRONG> <STRONG>ka3</STRONG> <STRONG>K3</STRONG> upper right of keypad
581 <STRONG>key_b2</STRONG> <STRONG>kb2</STRONG> <STRONG>K2</STRONG> center of keypad
582 <STRONG>key_c1</STRONG> <STRONG>kc1</STRONG> <STRONG>K4</STRONG> lower left of keypad
583 <STRONG>key_c3</STRONG> <STRONG>kc3</STRONG> <STRONG>K5</STRONG> lower right of keypad
585 <STRONG>prtr_non</STRONG> <STRONG>mc5p</STRONG> <STRONG>pO</STRONG> turn on printer for #1 bytes
586 <STRONG>char_padding</STRONG> <STRONG>rmp</STRONG> <STRONG>rP</STRONG> like ip but when in insert
588 <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> <STRONG>ac</STRONG> graphics charset pairs, based
590 <STRONG>plab_norm</STRONG> <STRONG>pln</STRONG> <STRONG>pn</STRONG> program label #1 to show
592 <STRONG>key_btab</STRONG> <STRONG>kcbt</STRONG> <STRONG>kB</STRONG> back-tab key
593 <STRONG>enter_xon_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smxon</STRONG> <STRONG>SX</STRONG> turn on xon/xoff handshaking
594 <STRONG>exit_xon_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmxon</STRONG> <STRONG>RX</STRONG> turn off xon/xoff handshaking
595 <STRONG>enter_am_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smam</STRONG> <STRONG>SA</STRONG> turn on automatic margins
596 <STRONG>exit_am_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmam</STRONG> <STRONG>RA</STRONG> turn off automatic margins
597 <STRONG>xon_character</STRONG> <STRONG>xonc</STRONG> <STRONG>XN</STRONG> XON character
598 <STRONG>xoff_character</STRONG> <STRONG>xoffc</STRONG> <STRONG>XF</STRONG> XOFF character
599 <STRONG>ena_acs</STRONG> <STRONG>enacs</STRONG> <STRONG>eA</STRONG> enable alternate char set
600 <STRONG>label_on</STRONG> <STRONG>smln</STRONG> <STRONG>LO</STRONG> turn on soft labels
601 <STRONG>label_off</STRONG> <STRONG>rmln</STRONG> <STRONG>LF</STRONG> turn off soft labels
602 <STRONG>key_beg</STRONG> <STRONG>kbeg</STRONG> <STRONG>@1</STRONG> begin key
603 <STRONG>key_cancel</STRONG> <STRONG>kcan</STRONG> <STRONG>@2</STRONG> cancel key
604 <STRONG>key_close</STRONG> <STRONG>kclo</STRONG> <STRONG>@3</STRONG> close key
605 <STRONG>key_command</STRONG> <STRONG>kcmd</STRONG> <STRONG>@4</STRONG> command key
606 <STRONG>key_copy</STRONG> <STRONG>kcpy</STRONG> <STRONG>@5</STRONG> copy key
607 <STRONG>key_create</STRONG> <STRONG>kcrt</STRONG> <STRONG>@6</STRONG> create key
608 <STRONG>key_end</STRONG> <STRONG>kend</STRONG> <STRONG>@7</STRONG> end key
609 <STRONG>key_enter</STRONG> <STRONG>kent</STRONG> <STRONG>@8</STRONG> enter/send key
610 <STRONG>key_exit</STRONG> <STRONG>kext</STRONG> <STRONG>@9</STRONG> exit key
611 <STRONG>key_find</STRONG> <STRONG>kfnd</STRONG> <STRONG>@0</STRONG> find key
612 <STRONG>key_help</STRONG> <STRONG>khlp</STRONG> <STRONG>%1</STRONG> help key
613 <STRONG>key_mark</STRONG> <STRONG>kmrk</STRONG> <STRONG>%2</STRONG> mark key
614 <STRONG>key_message</STRONG> <STRONG>kmsg</STRONG> <STRONG>%3</STRONG> message key
615 <STRONG>key_move</STRONG> <STRONG>kmov</STRONG> <STRONG>%4</STRONG> move key
616 <STRONG>key_next</STRONG> <STRONG>knxt</STRONG> <STRONG>%5</STRONG> next key
617 <STRONG>key_open</STRONG> <STRONG>kopn</STRONG> <STRONG>%6</STRONG> open key
618 <STRONG>key_options</STRONG> <STRONG>kopt</STRONG> <STRONG>%7</STRONG> options key
619 <STRONG>key_previous</STRONG> <STRONG>kprv</STRONG> <STRONG>%8</STRONG> previous key
620 <STRONG>key_print</STRONG> <STRONG>kprt</STRONG> <STRONG>%9</STRONG> print key
621 <STRONG>key_redo</STRONG> <STRONG>krdo</STRONG> <STRONG>%0</STRONG> redo key
622 <STRONG>key_reference</STRONG> <STRONG>kref</STRONG> <STRONG>&1</STRONG> reference key
623 <STRONG>key_refresh</STRONG> <STRONG>krfr</STRONG> <STRONG>&2</STRONG> refresh key
624 <STRONG>key_replace</STRONG> <STRONG>krpl</STRONG> <STRONG>&3</STRONG> replace key
625 <STRONG>key_restart</STRONG> <STRONG>krst</STRONG> <STRONG>&4</STRONG> restart key
626 <STRONG>key_resume</STRONG> <STRONG>kres</STRONG> <STRONG>&5</STRONG> resume key
627 <STRONG>key_save</STRONG> <STRONG>ksav</STRONG> <STRONG>&6</STRONG> save key
628 <STRONG>key_suspend</STRONG> <STRONG>kspd</STRONG> <STRONG>&7</STRONG> suspend key
629 <STRONG>key_undo</STRONG> <STRONG>kund</STRONG> <STRONG>&8</STRONG> undo key
630 <STRONG>key_sbeg</STRONG> <STRONG>kBEG</STRONG> <STRONG>&9</STRONG> shifted begin key
631 <STRONG>key_scancel</STRONG> <STRONG>kCAN</STRONG> <STRONG>&0</STRONG> shifted cancel key
632 <STRONG>key_scommand</STRONG> <STRONG>kCMD</STRONG> <STRONG>*1</STRONG> shifted command key
633 <STRONG>key_scopy</STRONG> <STRONG>kCPY</STRONG> <STRONG>*2</STRONG> shifted copy key
634 <STRONG>key_screate</STRONG> <STRONG>kCRT</STRONG> <STRONG>*3</STRONG> shifted create key
635 <STRONG>key_sdc</STRONG> <STRONG>kDC</STRONG> <STRONG>*4</STRONG> shifted delete-character key
636 <STRONG>key_sdl</STRONG> <STRONG>kDL</STRONG> <STRONG>*5</STRONG> shifted delete-line key
637 <STRONG>key_select</STRONG> <STRONG>kslt</STRONG> <STRONG>*6</STRONG> select key
638 <STRONG>key_send</STRONG> <STRONG>kEND</STRONG> <STRONG>*7</STRONG> shifted end key
639 <STRONG>key_seol</STRONG> <STRONG>kEOL</STRONG> <STRONG>*8</STRONG> shifted clear-to-end-of-line
641 <STRONG>key_sexit</STRONG> <STRONG>kEXT</STRONG> <STRONG>*9</STRONG> shifted exit key
642 <STRONG>key_sfind</STRONG> <STRONG>kFND</STRONG> <STRONG>*0</STRONG> shifted find key
643 <STRONG>key_shelp</STRONG> <STRONG>kHLP</STRONG> <STRONG>#1</STRONG> shifted help key
644 <STRONG>key_shome</STRONG> <STRONG>kHOM</STRONG> <STRONG>#2</STRONG> shifted home key
645 <STRONG>key_sic</STRONG> <STRONG>kIC</STRONG> <STRONG>#3</STRONG> shifted insert-character key
646 <STRONG>key_sleft</STRONG> <STRONG>kLFT</STRONG> <STRONG>#4</STRONG> shifted left-arrow key
647 <STRONG>key_smessage</STRONG> <STRONG>kMSG</STRONG> <STRONG>%a</STRONG> shifted message key
648 <STRONG>key_smove</STRONG> <STRONG>kMOV</STRONG> <STRONG>%b</STRONG> shifted move key
649 <STRONG>key_snext</STRONG> <STRONG>kNXT</STRONG> <STRONG>%c</STRONG> shifted next key
651 <STRONG>key_soptions</STRONG> <STRONG>kOPT</STRONG> <STRONG>%d</STRONG> shifted options key
652 <STRONG>key_sprevious</STRONG> <STRONG>kPRV</STRONG> <STRONG>%e</STRONG> shifted previous key
653 <STRONG>key_sprint</STRONG> <STRONG>kPRT</STRONG> <STRONG>%f</STRONG> shifted print key
654 <STRONG>key_sredo</STRONG> <STRONG>kRDO</STRONG> <STRONG>%g</STRONG> shifted redo key
655 <STRONG>key_sreplace</STRONG> <STRONG>kRPL</STRONG> <STRONG>%h</STRONG> shifted replace key
656 <STRONG>key_sright</STRONG> <STRONG>kRIT</STRONG> <STRONG>%i</STRONG> shifted right-arrow key
657 <STRONG>key_srsume</STRONG> <STRONG>kRES</STRONG> <STRONG>%j</STRONG> shifted resume key
658 <STRONG>key_ssave</STRONG> <STRONG>kSAV</STRONG> <STRONG>!1</STRONG> shifted save key
659 <STRONG>key_ssuspend</STRONG> <STRONG>kSPD</STRONG> <STRONG>!2</STRONG> shifted suspend key
660 <STRONG>key_sundo</STRONG> <STRONG>kUND</STRONG> <STRONG>!3</STRONG> shifted undo key
661 <STRONG>req_for_input</STRONG> <STRONG>rfi</STRONG> <STRONG>RF</STRONG> send next input char (for
663 <STRONG>key_f11</STRONG> <STRONG>kf11</STRONG> <STRONG>F1</STRONG> F11 function key
664 <STRONG>key_f12</STRONG> <STRONG>kf12</STRONG> <STRONG>F2</STRONG> F12 function key
665 <STRONG>key_f13</STRONG> <STRONG>kf13</STRONG> <STRONG>F3</STRONG> F13 function key
666 <STRONG>key_f14</STRONG> <STRONG>kf14</STRONG> <STRONG>F4</STRONG> F14 function key
667 <STRONG>key_f15</STRONG> <STRONG>kf15</STRONG> <STRONG>F5</STRONG> F15 function key
668 <STRONG>key_f16</STRONG> <STRONG>kf16</STRONG> <STRONG>F6</STRONG> F16 function key
669 <STRONG>key_f17</STRONG> <STRONG>kf17</STRONG> <STRONG>F7</STRONG> F17 function key
670 <STRONG>key_f18</STRONG> <STRONG>kf18</STRONG> <STRONG>F8</STRONG> F18 function key
671 <STRONG>key_f19</STRONG> <STRONG>kf19</STRONG> <STRONG>F9</STRONG> F19 function key
672 <STRONG>key_f20</STRONG> <STRONG>kf20</STRONG> <STRONG>FA</STRONG> F20 function key
673 <STRONG>key_f21</STRONG> <STRONG>kf21</STRONG> <STRONG>FB</STRONG> F21 function key
674 <STRONG>key_f22</STRONG> <STRONG>kf22</STRONG> <STRONG>FC</STRONG> F22 function key
675 <STRONG>key_f23</STRONG> <STRONG>kf23</STRONG> <STRONG>FD</STRONG> F23 function key
676 <STRONG>key_f24</STRONG> <STRONG>kf24</STRONG> <STRONG>FE</STRONG> F24 function key
677 <STRONG>key_f25</STRONG> <STRONG>kf25</STRONG> <STRONG>FF</STRONG> F25 function key
678 <STRONG>key_f26</STRONG> <STRONG>kf26</STRONG> <STRONG>FG</STRONG> F26 function key
679 <STRONG>key_f27</STRONG> <STRONG>kf27</STRONG> <STRONG>FH</STRONG> F27 function key
680 <STRONG>key_f28</STRONG> <STRONG>kf28</STRONG> <STRONG>FI</STRONG> F28 function key
681 <STRONG>key_f29</STRONG> <STRONG>kf29</STRONG> <STRONG>FJ</STRONG> F29 function key
682 <STRONG>key_f30</STRONG> <STRONG>kf30</STRONG> <STRONG>FK</STRONG> F30 function key
683 <STRONG>key_f31</STRONG> <STRONG>kf31</STRONG> <STRONG>FL</STRONG> F31 function key
684 <STRONG>key_f32</STRONG> <STRONG>kf32</STRONG> <STRONG>FM</STRONG> F32 function key
685 <STRONG>key_f33</STRONG> <STRONG>kf33</STRONG> <STRONG>FN</STRONG> F33 function key
686 <STRONG>key_f34</STRONG> <STRONG>kf34</STRONG> <STRONG>FO</STRONG> F34 function key
687 <STRONG>key_f35</STRONG> <STRONG>kf35</STRONG> <STRONG>FP</STRONG> F35 function key
688 <STRONG>key_f36</STRONG> <STRONG>kf36</STRONG> <STRONG>FQ</STRONG> F36 function key
689 <STRONG>key_f37</STRONG> <STRONG>kf37</STRONG> <STRONG>FR</STRONG> F37 function key
690 <STRONG>key_f38</STRONG> <STRONG>kf38</STRONG> <STRONG>FS</STRONG> F38 function key
691 <STRONG>key_f39</STRONG> <STRONG>kf39</STRONG> <STRONG>FT</STRONG> F39 function key
692 <STRONG>key_f40</STRONG> <STRONG>kf40</STRONG> <STRONG>FU</STRONG> F40 function key
693 <STRONG>key_f41</STRONG> <STRONG>kf41</STRONG> <STRONG>FV</STRONG> F41 function key
694 <STRONG>key_f42</STRONG> <STRONG>kf42</STRONG> <STRONG>FW</STRONG> F42 function key
695 <STRONG>key_f43</STRONG> <STRONG>kf43</STRONG> <STRONG>FX</STRONG> F43 function key
696 <STRONG>key_f44</STRONG> <STRONG>kf44</STRONG> <STRONG>FY</STRONG> F44 function key
697 <STRONG>key_f45</STRONG> <STRONG>kf45</STRONG> <STRONG>FZ</STRONG> F45 function key
698 <STRONG>key_f46</STRONG> <STRONG>kf46</STRONG> <STRONG>Fa</STRONG> F46 function key
699 <STRONG>key_f47</STRONG> <STRONG>kf47</STRONG> <STRONG>Fb</STRONG> F47 function key
700 <STRONG>key_f48</STRONG> <STRONG>kf48</STRONG> <STRONG>Fc</STRONG> F48 function key
701 <STRONG>key_f49</STRONG> <STRONG>kf49</STRONG> <STRONG>Fd</STRONG> F49 function key
702 <STRONG>key_f50</STRONG> <STRONG>kf50</STRONG> <STRONG>Fe</STRONG> F50 function key
703 <STRONG>key_f51</STRONG> <STRONG>kf51</STRONG> <STRONG>Ff</STRONG> F51 function key
704 <STRONG>key_f52</STRONG> <STRONG>kf52</STRONG> <STRONG>Fg</STRONG> F52 function key
705 <STRONG>key_f53</STRONG> <STRONG>kf53</STRONG> <STRONG>Fh</STRONG> F53 function key
706 <STRONG>key_f54</STRONG> <STRONG>kf54</STRONG> <STRONG>Fi</STRONG> F54 function key
707 <STRONG>key_f55</STRONG> <STRONG>kf55</STRONG> <STRONG>Fj</STRONG> F55 function key
708 <STRONG>key_f56</STRONG> <STRONG>kf56</STRONG> <STRONG>Fk</STRONG> F56 function key
709 <STRONG>key_f57</STRONG> <STRONG>kf57</STRONG> <STRONG>Fl</STRONG> F57 function key
710 <STRONG>key_f58</STRONG> <STRONG>kf58</STRONG> <STRONG>Fm</STRONG> F58 function key
711 <STRONG>key_f59</STRONG> <STRONG>kf59</STRONG> <STRONG>Fn</STRONG> F59 function key
712 <STRONG>key_f60</STRONG> <STRONG>kf60</STRONG> <STRONG>Fo</STRONG> F60 function key
713 <STRONG>key_f61</STRONG> <STRONG>kf61</STRONG> <STRONG>Fp</STRONG> F61 function key
714 <STRONG>key_f62</STRONG> <STRONG>kf62</STRONG> <STRONG>Fq</STRONG> F62 function key
715 <STRONG>key_f63</STRONG> <STRONG>kf63</STRONG> <STRONG>Fr</STRONG> F63 function key
717 <STRONG>clr_bol</STRONG> <STRONG>el1</STRONG> <STRONG>cb</STRONG> Clear to beginning of line
718 <STRONG>clear_margins</STRONG> <STRONG>mgc</STRONG> <STRONG>MC</STRONG> clear right and left soft
720 <STRONG>set_left_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smgl</STRONG> <STRONG>ML</STRONG> set left soft margin at
721 current column. (ML is not in
723 <STRONG>set_right_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smgr</STRONG> <STRONG>MR</STRONG> set right soft margin at
725 <STRONG>label_format</STRONG> <STRONG>fln</STRONG> <STRONG>Lf</STRONG> label format
726 <STRONG>set_clock</STRONG> <STRONG>sclk</STRONG> <STRONG>SC</STRONG> set clock, #1 hrs #2 mins #3
728 <STRONG>display_clock</STRONG> <STRONG>dclk</STRONG> <STRONG>DK</STRONG> display clock
729 <STRONG>remove_clock</STRONG> <STRONG>rmclk</STRONG> <STRONG>RC</STRONG> remove clock
730 <STRONG>create_window</STRONG> <STRONG>cwin</STRONG> <STRONG>CW</STRONG> define a window #1 from #2,#3
732 <STRONG>goto_window</STRONG> <STRONG>wingo</STRONG> <STRONG>WG</STRONG> go to window #1
733 <STRONG>hangup</STRONG> <STRONG>hup</STRONG> <STRONG>HU</STRONG> hang-up phone
734 <STRONG>dial_phone</STRONG> <STRONG>dial</STRONG> <STRONG>DI</STRONG> dial number #1
735 <STRONG>quick_dial</STRONG> <STRONG>qdial</STRONG> <STRONG>QD</STRONG> dial number #1 without
737 <STRONG>tone</STRONG> <STRONG>tone</STRONG> <STRONG>TO</STRONG> select touch tone dialing
738 <STRONG>pulse</STRONG> <STRONG>pulse</STRONG> <STRONG>PU</STRONG> select pulse dialing
739 <STRONG>flash_hook</STRONG> <STRONG>hook</STRONG> <STRONG>fh</STRONG> flash switch hook
740 <STRONG>fixed_pause</STRONG> <STRONG>pause</STRONG> <STRONG>PA</STRONG> pause for 2-3 seconds
741 <STRONG>wait_tone</STRONG> <STRONG>wait</STRONG> <STRONG>WA</STRONG> wait for dial-tone
742 <STRONG>user0</STRONG> <STRONG>u0</STRONG> <STRONG>u0</STRONG> User string #0
743 <STRONG>user1</STRONG> <STRONG>u1</STRONG> <STRONG>u1</STRONG> User string #1
744 <STRONG>user2</STRONG> <STRONG>u2</STRONG> <STRONG>u2</STRONG> User string #2
745 <STRONG>user3</STRONG> <STRONG>u3</STRONG> <STRONG>u3</STRONG> User string #3
746 <STRONG>user4</STRONG> <STRONG>u4</STRONG> <STRONG>u4</STRONG> User string #4
747 <STRONG>user5</STRONG> <STRONG>u5</STRONG> <STRONG>u5</STRONG> User string #5
748 <STRONG>user6</STRONG> <STRONG>u6</STRONG> <STRONG>u6</STRONG> User string #6
749 <STRONG>user7</STRONG> <STRONG>u7</STRONG> <STRONG>u7</STRONG> User string #7
750 <STRONG>user8</STRONG> <STRONG>u8</STRONG> <STRONG>u8</STRONG> User string #8
751 <STRONG>user9</STRONG> <STRONG>u9</STRONG> <STRONG>u9</STRONG> User string #9
752 <STRONG>orig_pair</STRONG> <STRONG>op</STRONG> <STRONG>op</STRONG> Set default pair to its
754 <STRONG>orig_colors</STRONG> <STRONG>oc</STRONG> <STRONG>oc</STRONG> Set all color pairs to the
756 <STRONG>initialize_color</STRONG> <STRONG>initc</STRONG> <STRONG>Ic</STRONG> initialize color #1 to
758 <STRONG>initialize_pair</STRONG> <STRONG>initp</STRONG> <STRONG>Ip</STRONG> Initialize color pair #1 to
759 fg=(#2,#3,#4), bg=(#5,#6,#7)
760 <STRONG>set_color_pair</STRONG> <STRONG>scp</STRONG> <STRONG>sp</STRONG> Set current color pair to #1
761 <STRONG>set_foreground</STRONG> <STRONG>setf</STRONG> <STRONG>Sf</STRONG> Set foreground color #1
762 <STRONG>set_background</STRONG> <STRONG>setb</STRONG> <STRONG>Sb</STRONG> Set background color #1
763 <STRONG>change_char_pitch</STRONG> <STRONG>cpi</STRONG> <STRONG>ZA</STRONG> Change number of characters
765 <STRONG>change_line_pitch</STRONG> <STRONG>lpi</STRONG> <STRONG>ZB</STRONG> Change number of lines per
767 <STRONG>change_res_horz</STRONG> <STRONG>chr</STRONG> <STRONG>ZC</STRONG> Change horizontal resolution
769 <STRONG>change_res_vert</STRONG> <STRONG>cvr</STRONG> <STRONG>ZD</STRONG> Change vertical resolution to
771 <STRONG>define_char</STRONG> <STRONG>defc</STRONG> <STRONG>ZE</STRONG> Define a character #1, #2
772 dots wide, descender #3
773 <STRONG>enter_doublewide_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>swidm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZF</STRONG> Enter double-wide mode
774 <STRONG>enter_draft_quality</STRONG> <STRONG>sdrfq</STRONG> <STRONG>ZG</STRONG> Enter draft-quality mode
775 <STRONG>enter_italics_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>sitm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZH</STRONG> Enter italic mode
776 <STRONG>enter_leftward_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>slm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZI</STRONG> Start leftward carriage
778 <STRONG>enter_micro_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smicm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZJ</STRONG> Start micro-motion mode
779 <STRONG>enter_near_letter_quality</STRONG> <STRONG>snlq</STRONG> <STRONG>ZK</STRONG> Enter NLQ mode
780 <STRONG>enter_normal_quality</STRONG> <STRONG>snrmq</STRONG> <STRONG>ZL</STRONG> Enter normal-quality mode
781 <STRONG>enter_shadow_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>sshm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZM</STRONG> Enter shadow-print mode
783 <STRONG>enter_subscript_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>ssubm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZN</STRONG> Enter subscript mode
784 <STRONG>enter_superscript_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>ssupm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZO</STRONG> Enter superscript mode
785 <STRONG>enter_upward_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>sum</STRONG> <STRONG>ZP</STRONG> Start upward carriage motion
786 <STRONG>exit_doublewide_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rwidm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZQ</STRONG> End double-wide mode
787 <STRONG>exit_italics_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>ritm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZR</STRONG> End italic mode
788 <STRONG>exit_leftward_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rlm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZS</STRONG> End left-motion mode
789 <STRONG>exit_micro_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmicm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZT</STRONG> End micro-motion mode
790 <STRONG>exit_shadow_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rshm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZU</STRONG> End shadow-print mode
791 <STRONG>exit_subscript_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rsubm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZV</STRONG> End subscript mode
792 <STRONG>exit_superscript_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rsupm</STRONG> <STRONG>ZW</STRONG> End superscript mode
793 <STRONG>exit_upward_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rum</STRONG> <STRONG>ZX</STRONG> End reverse character motion
794 <STRONG>micro_column_address</STRONG> <STRONG>mhpa</STRONG> <STRONG>ZY</STRONG> Like column_address in micro
796 <STRONG>micro_down</STRONG> <STRONG>mcud1</STRONG> <STRONG>ZZ</STRONG> Like cursor_down in micro
798 <STRONG>micro_left</STRONG> <STRONG>mcub1</STRONG> <STRONG>Za</STRONG> Like cursor_left in micro
800 <STRONG>micro_right</STRONG> <STRONG>mcuf1</STRONG> <STRONG>Zb</STRONG> Like cursor_right in micro
802 <STRONG>micro_row_address</STRONG> <STRONG>mvpa</STRONG> <STRONG>Zc</STRONG> Like row_address #1 in micro
804 <STRONG>micro_up</STRONG> <STRONG>mcuu1</STRONG> <STRONG>Zd</STRONG> Like cursor_up in micro mode
805 <STRONG>order_of_pins</STRONG> <STRONG>porder</STRONG> <STRONG>Ze</STRONG> Match software bits to print-
807 <STRONG>parm_down_micro</STRONG> <STRONG>mcud</STRONG> <STRONG>Zf</STRONG> Like parm_down_cursor in
809 <STRONG>parm_left_micro</STRONG> <STRONG>mcub</STRONG> <STRONG>Zg</STRONG> Like parm_left_cursor in
811 <STRONG>parm_right_micro</STRONG> <STRONG>mcuf</STRONG> <STRONG>Zh</STRONG> Like parm_right_cursor in
813 <STRONG>parm_up_micro</STRONG> <STRONG>mcuu</STRONG> <STRONG>Zi</STRONG> Like parm_up_cursor in micro
815 <STRONG>select_char_set</STRONG> <STRONG>scs</STRONG> <STRONG>Zj</STRONG> Select character set, #1
816 <STRONG>set_bottom_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smgb</STRONG> <STRONG>Zk</STRONG> Set bottom margin at current
818 <STRONG>set_bottom_margin_parm</STRONG> <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> <STRONG>Zl</STRONG> Set bottom margin at line #1
819 or (if smgtp is not given) #2
821 <STRONG>set_left_margin_parm</STRONG> <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> <STRONG>Zm</STRONG> Set left (right) margin at
823 <STRONG>set_right_margin_parm</STRONG> <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> <STRONG>Zn</STRONG> Set right margin at column #1
824 <STRONG>set_top_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smgt</STRONG> <STRONG>Zo</STRONG> Set top margin at current
826 <STRONG>set_top_margin_parm</STRONG> <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> <STRONG>Zp</STRONG> Set top (bottom) margin at
828 <STRONG>start_bit_image</STRONG> <STRONG>sbim</STRONG> <STRONG>Zq</STRONG> Start printing bit image
830 <STRONG>start_char_set_def</STRONG> <STRONG>scsd</STRONG> <STRONG>Zr</STRONG> Start character set
831 definition #1, with #2
832 characters in the set
833 <STRONG>stop_bit_image</STRONG> <STRONG>rbim</STRONG> <STRONG>Zs</STRONG> Stop printing bit image
835 <STRONG>stop_char_set_def</STRONG> <STRONG>rcsd</STRONG> <STRONG>Zt</STRONG> End definition of character
837 <STRONG>subscript_characters</STRONG> <STRONG>subcs</STRONG> <STRONG>Zu</STRONG> List of subscriptable
839 <STRONG>superscript_characters</STRONG> <STRONG>supcs</STRONG> <STRONG>Zv</STRONG> List of superscriptable
841 <STRONG>these_cause_cr</STRONG> <STRONG>docr</STRONG> <STRONG>Zw</STRONG> Printing any of these
843 <STRONG>zero_motion</STRONG> <STRONG>zerom</STRONG> <STRONG>Zx</STRONG> No motion for subsequent
846 The following string capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
847 structure, but were originally not documented in the man page.
849 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
850 <STRONG>String</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
851 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
852 <STRONG>char_set_names</STRONG> <STRONG>csnm</STRONG> <STRONG>Zy</STRONG> Produce #1'th item from
853 list of character set names
854 <STRONG>key_mouse</STRONG> <STRONG>kmous</STRONG> <STRONG>Km</STRONG> Mouse event has occurred
855 <STRONG>mouse_info</STRONG> <STRONG>minfo</STRONG> <STRONG>Mi</STRONG> Mouse status information
856 <STRONG>req_mouse_pos</STRONG> <STRONG>reqmp</STRONG> <STRONG>RQ</STRONG> Request mouse position
857 <STRONG>get_mouse</STRONG> <STRONG>getm</STRONG> <STRONG>Gm</STRONG> Curses should get button
858 events, parameter #1 not
860 <STRONG>set_a_foreground</STRONG> <STRONG>setaf</STRONG> <STRONG>AF</STRONG> Set foreground color to #1,
862 <STRONG>set_a_background</STRONG> <STRONG>setab</STRONG> <STRONG>AB</STRONG> Set background color to #1,
864 <STRONG>pkey_plab</STRONG> <STRONG>pfxl</STRONG> <STRONG>xl</STRONG> Program function key #1 to
865 type string #2 and show
867 <STRONG>device_type</STRONG> <STRONG>devt</STRONG> <STRONG>dv</STRONG> Indicate language, codeset
869 <STRONG>code_set_init</STRONG> <STRONG>csin</STRONG> <STRONG>ci</STRONG> Init sequence for multiple
871 <STRONG>set0_des_seq</STRONG> <STRONG>s0ds</STRONG> <STRONG>s0</STRONG> Shift to codeset 0 (EUC set
873 <STRONG>set1_des_seq</STRONG> <STRONG>s1ds</STRONG> <STRONG>s1</STRONG> Shift to codeset 1
874 <STRONG>set2_des_seq</STRONG> <STRONG>s2ds</STRONG> <STRONG>s2</STRONG> Shift to codeset 2
875 <STRONG>set3_des_seq</STRONG> <STRONG>s3ds</STRONG> <STRONG>s3</STRONG> Shift to codeset 3
876 <STRONG>set_lr_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smglr</STRONG> <STRONG>ML</STRONG> Set both left and right
877 margins to #1, #2. (ML is
879 <STRONG>set_tb_margin</STRONG> <STRONG>smgtb</STRONG> <STRONG>MT</STRONG> Sets both top and bottom
881 <STRONG>bit_image_repeat</STRONG> <STRONG>birep</STRONG> <STRONG>Xy</STRONG> Repeat bit image cell #1 #2
883 <STRONG>bit_image_newline</STRONG> <STRONG>binel</STRONG> <STRONG>Zz</STRONG> Move to next row of the bit
885 <STRONG>bit_image_carriage_return</STRONG> <STRONG>bicr</STRONG> <STRONG>Yv</STRONG> Move to beginning of same
887 <STRONG>color_names</STRONG> <STRONG>colornm</STRONG> <STRONG>Yw</STRONG> Give name for color #1
888 <STRONG>define_bit_image_region</STRONG> <STRONG>defbi</STRONG> <STRONG>Yx</STRONG> Define rectangular bit
890 <STRONG>end_bit_image_region</STRONG> <STRONG>endbi</STRONG> <STRONG>Yy</STRONG> End a bit-image region
891 <STRONG>set_color_band</STRONG> <STRONG>setcolor</STRONG> <STRONG>Yz</STRONG> Change to ribbon color #1
892 <STRONG>set_page_length</STRONG> <STRONG>slines</STRONG> <STRONG>YZ</STRONG> Set page length to #1 lines
893 <STRONG>display_pc_char</STRONG> <STRONG>dispc</STRONG> <STRONG>S1</STRONG> Display PC character #1
894 <STRONG>enter_pc_charset_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smpch</STRONG> <STRONG>S2</STRONG> Enter PC character display
896 <STRONG>exit_pc_charset_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmpch</STRONG> <STRONG>S3</STRONG> Exit PC character display
898 <STRONG>enter_scancode_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>smsc</STRONG> <STRONG>S4</STRONG> Enter PC scancode mode
899 <STRONG>exit_scancode_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>rmsc</STRONG> <STRONG>S5</STRONG> Exit PC scancode mode
900 <STRONG>pc_term_options</STRONG> <STRONG>pctrm</STRONG> <STRONG>S6</STRONG> PC terminal options
901 <STRONG>scancode_escape</STRONG> <STRONG>scesc</STRONG> <STRONG>S7</STRONG> Escape for scancode
903 <STRONG>alt_scancode_esc</STRONG> <STRONG>scesa</STRONG> <STRONG>S8</STRONG> Alternate escape for
906 The XSI Curses standard added these hardcopy capabilities. They were
907 used in some post-4.1 versions of System V curses, e.g., Solaris 2.5
908 and IRIX 6.x. Except for <STRONG>YI</STRONG>, the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> termcap names for them are
909 invented. According to the XSI Curses standard, they have no termcap
910 names. If your compiled terminfo entries use these, they may not be
911 binary-compatible with System V terminfo entries after SVr4.1; beware!
913 <STRONG>Code</STRONG>
915 <STRONG>String</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>TI</STRONG> <STRONG>TC</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
916 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
917 <STRONG>enter_horizontal_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>ehhlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xh</STRONG> Enter horizontal highlight
919 <STRONG>enter_left_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>elhlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xl</STRONG> Enter left highlight mode
920 <STRONG>enter_low_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>elohlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xo</STRONG> Enter low highlight mode
921 <STRONG>enter_right_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>erhlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xr</STRONG> Enter right highlight mode
922 <STRONG>enter_top_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>ethlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xt</STRONG> Enter top highlight mode
923 <STRONG>enter_vertical_hl_mode</STRONG> <STRONG>evhlm</STRONG> <STRONG>Xv</STRONG> Enter vertical highlight mode
924 <STRONG>set_a_attributes</STRONG> <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG> <STRONG>sA</STRONG> Define second set of video
926 <STRONG>set_pglen_inch</STRONG> <STRONG>slength</STRONG> <STRONG>YI</STRONG> Set page length to #1
927 hundredth of an inch (some
928 implementations use sL for
932 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-User-Defined-Capabilities">User-Defined Capabilities</a></H3><PRE>
933 The preceding section listed the <EM>predefined</EM> capabilities. They deal
934 with some special features for terminals no longer (or possibly never)
935 produced. Occasionally there are special features of newer terminals
936 which are awkward or impossible to represent by reusing the predefined
939 <EM>ncurses</EM> addresses this limitation by allowing user-defined
940 capabilities. The <STRONG>tic</STRONG> and <STRONG>infocmp</STRONG> programs provide the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option for
941 this purpose. When <STRONG>-x</STRONG> is set, <STRONG>tic</STRONG> treats unknown capabilities as user-
942 defined. That is, if <STRONG>tic</STRONG> encounters a capability name which it does
943 not recognize, it infers its type (Boolean, number or string) from the
944 syntax and makes an extended table entry for that capability. The
945 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">use_extended_names(3x)</A></STRONG> function makes this information conditionally
946 available to applications. The <EM>ncurses</EM> library provides the data
947 leaving most of the behavior to applications:
949 <STRONG>o</STRONG> User-defined capability strings whose name begins with "k" are
950 treated as function keys.
952 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The types (Boolean, number, string) determined by <STRONG>tic</STRONG> can be
953 inferred by successful calls on <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, etc.
955 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the capability name happens to be two characters, the capability
956 is also available through the termcap interface.
958 While termcap is said to be extensible because it does not use a
959 predefined set of capabilities, in practice it has been limited to the
960 capabilities defined by terminfo implementations. As a rule, user-
961 defined capabilities intended for use by termcap applications should be
962 limited to Booleans and numbers to avoid running past the 1023 byte
963 limit assumed by termcap implementations and their applications. In
964 particular, providing extended sets of function keys (past the 60
965 numbered keys and the handful of special named keys) is best done using
966 the longer names available using terminfo.
968 The <EM>ncurses</EM> library uses a few of these user-defined capabilities, as
969 described in <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>. Other user-defined capabilities (including
970 function keys) are described in the terminal database, in the section
971 on <EM>NCURSES</EM> <EM>USER-DEFINABLE</EM> <EM>CAPABILITIES</EM>
974 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-A-Sample-Entry">A Sample Entry</a></H3><PRE>
975 The following entry, describing an ANSI-standard terminal, is
976 representative of what a <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> entry for a modern terminal typically
979 ansi|ansi/pc-term compatible with color,
981 colors#8, cols#80, it#8, lines#24, ncv#3, pairs#64,
982 acsc=+\020\,\021-\030.^Y0\333`\004a\261f\370g\361h\260
983 j\331k\277l\332m\300n\305o~p\304q\304r\304s_t\303
984 u\264v\301w\302x\263y\363z\362{\343|\330}\234~\376,
985 bel=^G, blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m, cbt=\E[Z, clear=\E[H\E[J,
986 cr=^M, cub=\E[%p1%dD, cub1=\E[D, cud=\E[%p1%dB, cud1=\E[B,
987 cuf=\E[%p1%dC, cuf1=\E[C, cup=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dH,
988 cuu=\E[%p1%dA, cuu1=\E[A, dch=\E[%p1%dP, dch1=\E[P,
989 dl=\E[%p1%dM, dl1=\E[M, ech=\E[%p1%dX, ed=\E[J, el=\E[K,
990 el1=\E[1K, home=\E[H, hpa=\E[%i%p1%dG, ht=\E[I, hts=\EH,
991 ich=\E[%p1%d@, il=\E[%p1%dL, il1=\E[L, ind=^J,
992 indn=\E[%p1%dS, invis=\E[8m, kbs=^H, kcbt=\E[Z, kcub1=\E[D,
993 kcud1=\E[B, kcuf1=\E[C, kcuu1=\E[A, khome=\E[H, kich1=\E[L,
994 mc4=\E[4i, mc5=\E[5i, nel=\r\E[S, op=\E[39;49m,
995 rep=%p1%c\E[%p2%{1}%-%db, rev=\E[7m, rin=\E[%p1%dT,
996 rmacs=\E[10m, rmpch=\E[10m, rmso=\E[m, rmul=\E[m,
997 s0ds=\E(B, s1ds=\E)B, s2ds=\E*B, s3ds=\E+B,
998 setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm,
999 sgr=\E[0;10%?%p1%t;7%;
1006 sgr0=\E[0;10m, smacs=\E[11m, smpch=\E[11m, smso=\E[7m,
1007 smul=\E[4m, tbc=\E[3g, u6=\E[%i%d;%dR, u7=\E[6n,
1008 u8=\E[?%[;0123456789]c, u9=\E[c, vpa=\E[%i%p1%dd,
1010 Entries may continue onto multiple lines by placing white space at the
1011 beginning of each line except the first. Comments may be included on
1012 lines beginning with "#". Capabilities in <EM>terminfo</EM> are of three types:
1014 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Boolean capabilities which indicate that the terminal has some
1017 <STRONG>o</STRONG> numeric capabilities giving the size of the terminal or the size of
1018 particular delays, and
1020 <STRONG>o</STRONG> string capabilities, which give a sequence which can be used to
1021 perform particular terminal operations.
1024 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Types-of-Capabilities">Types of Capabilities</a></H3><PRE>
1025 All capabilities have names. For instance, the fact that ANSI-standard
1026 terminals have <EM>automatic</EM> <EM>margins</EM> (i.e., an automatic return and line-
1027 feed when the end of a line is reached) is indicated by the capability
1028 <STRONG>am</STRONG>. Hence the description of ansi includes <STRONG>am</STRONG>. Numeric capabilities
1029 are followed by the character "#" and then a positive value. Thus
1030 <STRONG>cols</STRONG>, which indicates the number of columns the terminal has, gives the
1031 value "80" for ansi. Values for numeric capabilities may be specified
1032 in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal, using the C programming language
1033 conventions (e.g., 255, 0377 and 0xff or 0xFF).
1035 Finally, string valued capabilities, such as <STRONG>el</STRONG> (clear to end of line
1036 sequence) are given by the two-character code, an "=", and then a
1037 string ending at the next following ",".
1039 A number of escape sequences are provided in the string valued
1040 capabilities for easy encoding of characters there:
1042 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Both <STRONG>\E</STRONG> and <STRONG>\e</STRONG> map to an ESCAPE character,
1044 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>^</STRONG><STRONG><EM>x</EM></STRONG> maps to a control-<EM>x</EM> for any appropriate <EM>x</EM>, and
1046 <STRONG>o</STRONG> the sequences
1048 <STRONG>\n</STRONG>, <STRONG>\l</STRONG>, <STRONG>\r</STRONG>, <STRONG>\t</STRONG>, <STRONG>\b</STRONG>, <STRONG>\f</STRONG>, and <STRONG>\s</STRONG>
1052 <EM>newline</EM>, <EM>line-feed</EM>, <EM>return</EM>, <EM>tab</EM>, <EM>backspace</EM>, <EM>form-feed</EM>, and <EM>space</EM>,
1056 X/Open Curses does not say what "appropriate <EM>x</EM>" might be. In practice,
1057 that is a printable ASCII graphic character. The special case "^?" is
1058 interpreted as DEL (127). In all other cases, the character value is
1059 AND'd with 0x1f, mapping to ASCII control codes in the range 0 through
1062 Other escapes include
1064 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>\^</STRONG> for <STRONG>^</STRONG>,
1066 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>\\</STRONG> for <STRONG>\</STRONG>,
1068 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>\</STRONG>, for comma,
1070 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>\:</STRONG> for <STRONG>:</STRONG>,
1072 <STRONG>o</STRONG> and <STRONG>\0</STRONG> for null.
1074 <STRONG>\0</STRONG> will produce \200, which does not terminate a string but behaves
1075 as a null character on most terminals, providing CS7 is specified.
1076 See <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG>.
1078 The reason for this quirk is to maintain binary compatibility of
1079 the compiled terminfo files with other implementations, e.g., the
1080 SVr4 systems, which document this. Compiled terminfo files use
1081 null-terminated strings, with no lengths. Modifying this would
1082 require a new binary format, which would not work with other
1085 Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a <STRONG>\</STRONG>.
1087 A delay in milliseconds may appear anywhere in a string capability,
1088 enclosed in $<..> brackets, as in <STRONG>el</STRONG>=\EK$<5>, and padding characters
1089 are supplied by <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tputs(3x)</A></STRONG> to provide this delay.
1091 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The delay must be a number with at most one decimal place of
1092 precision; it may be followed by suffixes "*" or "/" or both.
1094 <STRONG>o</STRONG> A "*" indicates that the padding required is proportional to the
1095 number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is
1096 the per-affected-unit padding required. (In the case of insert
1097 character, the factor is still the number of <EM>lines</EM> affected.)
1099 Normally, padding is advisory if the device has the <STRONG>xon</STRONG> capability;
1100 it is used for cost computation but does not trigger delays.
1102 <STRONG>o</STRONG> A "/" suffix indicates that the padding is mandatory and forces a
1103 delay of the given number of milliseconds even on devices for which
1104 <STRONG>xon</STRONG> is present to indicate flow control.
1106 Sometimes individual capabilities must be commented out. To do this,
1107 put a period before the capability name. For example, see the second
1108 <STRONG>ind</STRONG> in the example above.
1111 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Fetching-Compiled-Descriptions">Fetching Compiled Descriptions</a></H3><PRE>
1112 Terminal descriptions in <EM>ncurses</EM> are stored in terminal databases.
1113 These databases, which are found by their pathname, may be configured
1114 either as directory trees or hashed databases (see <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>),
1116 The library uses a compiled-in list of pathnames, which can be
1117 overridden by environment variables. Before starting to search,
1118 <EM>ncurses</EM> checks the search list, eliminating duplicates and pathnames
1119 where no terminal database is found. The <EM>ncurses</EM> library reads the
1120 first description which passes its consistency checks.
1122 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The environment variable <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is checked first, for a terminal
1123 database containing the terminal description.
1125 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Next, <EM>ncurses</EM> looks in <EM>$HOME/.terminfo</EM> for a compiled description.
1127 This is an optional feature which may be omitted entirely from the
1128 library, or limited to prevent accidental use by privileged
1131 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Next, if the environment variable <EM>TERMINFO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>DIRS</EM> is set, <EM>ncurses</EM>
1132 interprets the contents of that variable as a list of colon-
1133 separated pathnames of terminal databases to be searched.
1135 An empty pathname (i.e., if the variable begins or ends with a
1136 colon, or contains adjacent colons) is interpreted as the system
1137 location <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>.
1139 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Finally, <EM>ncurses</EM> searches these compiled-in locations:
1141 <STRONG>o</STRONG> a list of directories (/usr/share/terminfo), and
1143 <STRONG>o</STRONG> the system terminfo directory, <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>
1145 The <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> variable can contain a terminal description instead of the
1146 pathname of a terminal database. If this variable begins with "hex:"
1147 or "b64:" then <EM>ncurses</EM> reads a terminal description from hexadecimal-
1148 or base64-encoded data, and if that description matches the name
1149 sought, will use that. This encoded data can be set using the "-Q"
1150 option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG> or <STRONG>infocmp</STRONG>.
1152 The preceding addresses the usual configuration of <EM>ncurses</EM>, which uses
1153 terminal descriptions prepared in <EM>terminfo</EM> format. While <EM>termcap</EM> is
1154 less expressive, <EM>ncurses</EM> can also be configured to read <EM>termcap</EM>
1155 descriptions. In that configuration, it checks the <EM>TERMCAP</EM> and
1156 <EM>TERMPATH</EM> variables (for content and search path, respectively) after
1157 the system terminal database.
1160 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Preparing-Descriptions">Preparing Descriptions</a></H3><PRE>
1161 We now outline how to prepare descriptions of terminals. The most
1162 effective way to prepare a terminal description is by imitating the
1163 description of a similar terminal in <EM>terminfo</EM> and to build up a
1164 description gradually, using partial descriptions with <EM>vi</EM> or some other
1165 screen-oriented program to check that they are correct. Be aware that
1166 a very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in the ability of the
1167 <EM>terminfo</EM> file to describe it or bugs in the screen-handling code of the
1170 To get the padding for insert line right (if the terminal manufacturer
1171 did not document it) a severe test is to edit a large file at 9600
1172 baud, delete 16 or so lines from the middle of the screen, then hit the
1173 "u" key several times quickly. If the terminal messes up, more padding
1174 is usually needed. A similar test can be used for insert character.
1177 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Basic-Capabilities">Basic Capabilities</a></H3><PRE>
1178 The number of columns on each line for the terminal is given by the
1179 <STRONG>cols</STRONG> numeric capability. If the terminal is a CRT, then the number of
1180 lines on the screen is given by the <STRONG>lines</STRONG> capability. If the terminal
1181 wraps around to the beginning of the next line when it reaches the
1182 right margin, then it should have the <STRONG>am</STRONG> capability. If the terminal
1183 can clear its screen, leaving the cursor in the home position, then
1184 this is given by the <STRONG>clear</STRONG> string capability. If the terminal
1185 overstrikes (rather than clearing a position when a character is struck
1186 over) then it should have the <STRONG>os</STRONG> capability. If the terminal is a
1187 printing terminal, with no soft copy unit, give it both <STRONG>hc</STRONG> and <STRONG>os</STRONG>. (<STRONG>os</STRONG>
1188 applies to storage scope terminals, such as TEKTRONIX 4010 series, as
1189 well as hard copy and APL terminals.) If there is a code to move the
1190 cursor to the left edge of the current row, give this as <STRONG>cr</STRONG>. (Normally
1191 this will be carriage return, control/M.) If there is a code to
1192 produce an audible signal (bell, beep, etc) give this as <STRONG>bel</STRONG>.
1194 If there is a code to move the cursor one position to the left (such as
1195 backspace) that capability should be given as <STRONG>cub1</STRONG>. Similarly, codes
1196 to move to the right, up, and down should be given as <STRONG>cuf1</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>, and
1197 <STRONG>cud1</STRONG>. These local cursor motions should not alter the text they pass
1198 over, for example, you would not normally use "<STRONG>cuf1</STRONG>= " because the
1199 space would erase the character moved over.
1201 A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded in
1202 <EM>terminfo</EM> are undefined at the left and top edges of a CRT terminal.
1203 Programs should never attempt to backspace around the left edge, unless
1204 <STRONG>bw</STRONG> is given, and never attempt to go up locally off the top. In order
1205 to scroll text up, a program will go to the bottom left corner of the
1206 screen and send the <STRONG>ind</STRONG> (index) string.
1208 To scroll text down, a program goes to the top left corner of the
1209 screen and sends the <STRONG>ri</STRONG> (reverse index) string. The strings <STRONG>ind</STRONG> and <STRONG>ri</STRONG>
1210 are undefined when not on their respective corners of the screen.
1212 Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are <STRONG>indn</STRONG> and <STRONG>rin</STRONG>
1213 which have the same semantics as <STRONG>ind</STRONG> and <STRONG>ri</STRONG> except that they take one
1214 parameter, and scroll that many lines. They are also undefined except
1215 at the appropriate edge of the screen.
1217 The <STRONG>am</STRONG> capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right edge of
1218 the screen when text is output, but this does not necessarily apply to
1219 a <STRONG>cuf1</STRONG> from the last column. The only local motion which is defined
1220 from the left edge is if <STRONG>bw</STRONG> is given, then a <STRONG>cub1</STRONG> from the left edge
1221 will move to the right edge of the previous row. If <STRONG>bw</STRONG> is not given,
1222 the effect is undefined. This is useful for drawing a box around the
1223 edge of the screen, for example. If the terminal has switch selectable
1224 automatic margins, the <EM>terminfo</EM> file usually assumes that this is on;
1225 i.e., <STRONG>am</STRONG>. If the terminal has a command which moves to the first
1226 column of the next line, that command can be given as <STRONG>nel</STRONG> (newline).
1227 It does not matter if the command clears the remainder of the current
1228 line, so if the terminal has no <STRONG>cr</STRONG> and <STRONG>lf</STRONG> it may still be possible to
1229 craft a working <STRONG>nel</STRONG> out of one or both of them.
1231 These capabilities suffice to describe hard-copy and "glass-tty"
1232 terminals. Thus the model 33 teletype is described as
1234 33|tty33|tty|model 33 teletype,
1235 bel=^G, cols#72, cr=^M, cud1=^J, hc, ind=^J, os,
1237 while the Lear Siegler ADM-3 is described as
1240 am, bel=^G, clear=^Z, cols#80, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
1244 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Parameterized-Strings">Parameterized Strings</a></H3><PRE>
1245 Cursor addressing and other strings requiring parameters in the
1246 terminal are described by a parameterized string capability, with
1247 <EM>printf</EM>-like escapes such as <EM>%x</EM> in it. For example, to address the
1248 cursor, the <STRONG>cup</STRONG> capability is given, using two parameters: the row and
1249 column to address to. (Rows and columns are numbered from zero and
1250 refer to the physical screen visible to the user, not to any unseen
1251 memory.) If the terminal has memory relative cursor addressing, that
1252 can be indicated by <STRONG>mrcup</STRONG>.
1254 The parameter mechanism uses a stack and special <STRONG>%</STRONG> codes to manipulate
1255 it. Typically a sequence will push one of the parameters onto the
1256 stack and then print it in some format. Print (e.g., "%d") is a
1257 special case. Other operations, including "%t" pop their operand from
1258 the stack. It is noted that more complex operations are often
1259 necessary, e.g., in the <STRONG>sgr</STRONG> string.
1261 The <STRONG>%</STRONG> encodings have the following meanings:
1263 <STRONG>%%</STRONG> outputs "%"
1265 <STRONG>%</STRONG><EM>[[</EM>:<EM>]flags][width[.precision]][</EM><STRONG>doxXs</STRONG><EM>]</EM>
1266 as in <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>, flags are <EM>[-+#]</EM> and <EM>space</EM>. Use a ":" to allow
1267 the next character to be a "-" flag, avoiding interpreting "%-" as
1270 <STRONG>%c</STRONG> print <EM>pop()</EM> like %c in <STRONG>printf</STRONG>
1272 <STRONG>%s</STRONG> print <EM>pop()</EM> like %s in <STRONG>printf</STRONG>
1274 <STRONG>%p</STRONG><EM>[1-9]</EM>
1275 push <EM>i</EM>'th parameter
1277 <STRONG>%P</STRONG><EM>[a-z]</EM>
1278 set dynamic variable <EM>[a-z]</EM> to <EM>pop()</EM>
1280 <STRONG>%g</STRONG><EM>[a-z]</EM>
1281 get dynamic variable <EM>[a-z]</EM> and push it
1283 <STRONG>%P</STRONG><EM>[A-Z]</EM>
1284 set static variable <EM>[a-z]</EM> to <EM>pop()</EM>
1286 <STRONG>%g</STRONG><EM>[A-Z]</EM>
1287 get static variable <EM>[a-z]</EM> and push it
1289 The terms "static" and "dynamic" are misleading. Historically,
1290 these are simply two different sets of variables, whose values are
1291 not reset between calls to <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tparm(3x)</A></STRONG>. However, that fact is not
1292 documented in other implementations. Relying on it will adversely
1293 impact portability to other implementations:
1295 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr2 curses supported <EM>dynamic</EM> variables. Those are set only
1296 by a <STRONG>%P</STRONG> operator. A <STRONG>%g</STRONG> for a given variable without first
1297 setting it with <STRONG>%P</STRONG> will give unpredictable results, because
1298 dynamic variables are an uninitialized local array on the
1299 stack in the <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> function.
1301 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr3.2 curses supported <EM>static</EM> variables. Those are an array
1302 in the <EM>TERMINAL</EM> structure (declared in <STRONG>term.h</STRONG>), and are zeroed
1303 automatically when the <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> function allocates the data.
1305 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4 curses made no further improvements to the <EM>dynamic/static</EM>
1308 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris XPG4 curses does not distinguish between <EM>dynamic</EM> and
1309 <EM>static</EM> variables. They are the same. Like SVr4 curses, XPG4
1310 curses does not initialize these explicitly.
1312 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Before version 6.3, <EM>ncurses</EM> stores both <EM>dynamic</EM> and <EM>static</EM>
1313 variables in persistent storage, initialized to zeros.
1315 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Beginning with version 6.3, <EM>ncurses</EM> stores <EM>static</EM> and <EM>dynamic</EM>
1316 variables in the same manner as SVr4.
1318 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Unlike other implementations, <EM>ncurses</EM> zeros dynamic
1319 variables before the first <STRONG>%g</STRONG> or <STRONG>%P</STRONG> operator.
1321 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Like SVr2, the scope of dynamic variables in <EM>ncurses</EM> is
1322 within the current call to <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>. Use static variables if
1323 persistent storage is needed.
1325 <STRONG>%'</STRONG><EM>c</EM><STRONG>'</STRONG> char constant <EM>c</EM>
1327 <STRONG>%{</STRONG><EM>nn</EM><STRONG>}</STRONG>
1328 integer constant <EM>nn</EM>
1330 <STRONG>%l</STRONG> push strlen(pop)
1332 <STRONG>%+</STRONG>, <STRONG>%-</STRONG>, <STRONG>%*</STRONG>, <STRONG>%/</STRONG>, <STRONG>%m</STRONG>
1333 arithmetic (%m is <EM>mod</EM>): <EM>push(pop()</EM> <EM>op</EM> <EM>pop())</EM>
1335 <STRONG>%&</STRONG>, <STRONG>%|</STRONG>, <STRONG>%^</STRONG>
1336 bit operations (AND, OR and exclusive-OR): <EM>push(pop()</EM> <EM>op</EM> <EM>pop())</EM>
1338 <STRONG>%=</STRONG>, <STRONG>%></STRONG>, <STRONG>%<</STRONG>
1339 logical operations: <EM>push(pop()</EM> <EM>op</EM> <EM>pop())</EM>
1341 <STRONG>%A</STRONG>, <STRONG>%O</STRONG>
1342 logical AND and OR operations (for conditionals)
1344 <STRONG>%!</STRONG>, <STRONG>%~</STRONG>
1345 unary operations (logical and bit complement): <EM>push(op</EM> <EM>pop())</EM>
1347 <STRONG>%i</STRONG> add 1 to first two parameters (for ANSI terminals)
1349 <STRONG>%?</STRONG> <EM>expr</EM> <STRONG>%t</STRONG> <EM>thenpart</EM> <STRONG>%e</STRONG> <EM>elsepart</EM> <STRONG>%;</STRONG>
1350 This forms an if-then-else. The <STRONG>%e</STRONG> <EM>elsepart</EM> is optional. Usually
1351 the <STRONG>%?</STRONG> <EM>expr</EM> part pushes a value onto the stack, and <STRONG>%t</STRONG> pops it
1352 from the stack, testing if it is nonzero (true). If it is zero
1353 (false), control passes to the <STRONG>%e</STRONG> (else) part.
1355 It is possible to form else-if's a la Algol 68:
1356 <STRONG>%?</STRONG> c1 <STRONG>%t</STRONG> b1 <STRONG>%e</STRONG> c2 <STRONG>%t</STRONG> b2 <STRONG>%e</STRONG> c3 <STRONG>%t</STRONG> b3 <STRONG>%e</STRONG> c4 <STRONG>%t</STRONG> b4 <STRONG>%e</STRONG> <STRONG>%;</STRONG>
1358 where ci are conditions, bi are bodies.
1360 Use the <STRONG>-f</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG> or <STRONG>infocmp</STRONG> to see the structure of if-
1361 then-else's. Some strings, e.g., <STRONG>sgr</STRONG> can be very complicated when
1362 written on one line. The <STRONG>-f</STRONG> option splits the string into lines
1363 with the parts indented.
1365 Binary operations are in postfix form with the operands in the usual
1366 order. That is, to get x-5 one would use "%gx%{5}%-". <STRONG>%P</STRONG> and <STRONG>%g</STRONG>
1367 variables are persistent across escape-string evaluations.
1369 Consider the HP2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs to be
1370 sent \E&a12c03Y padded for 6 milliseconds. The order of the rows and
1371 columns is inverted here, and the row and column are printed as two
1372 digits. The corresponding terminal description is expressed thus:
1373 cup=\E&a%p2%dc%p1%dY$<6>,
1375 The Microterm ACT-IV needs the current row and column sent preceded by
1376 a <STRONG>^T</STRONG>, with the row and column simply encoded in binary,
1379 Terminals which use "%c" need to be able to backspace the cursor
1380 (<STRONG>cub1</STRONG>), and to move the cursor up one line on the screen (<STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>). This
1381 is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit <STRONG>\n</STRONG> <STRONG>^D</STRONG> and <STRONG>\r</STRONG>, as
1382 the system may change or discard them. (The library routines dealing
1383 with terminfo set tty modes so that tabs are never expanded, so \t is
1384 safe to send. This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)
1386 A final example is the LSI ADM-3a, which uses row and column offset by
1387 a blank character, thus
1388 cup=\E=%p1%' '%+%c%p2%' '%+%c
1390 After sending "\E=", this pushes the first parameter, pushes the ASCII
1391 value for a space (32), adds them (pushing the sum on the stack in
1392 place of the two previous values) and outputs that value as a
1393 character. Then the same is done for the second parameter. More
1394 complex arithmetic is possible using the stack.
1397 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Cursor-Motions">Cursor Motions</a></H3><PRE>
1398 If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor (to very upper left
1399 corner of screen) then this can be given as <STRONG>home</STRONG>; similarly a fast way
1400 of getting to the lower left-hand corner can be given as <STRONG>ll</STRONG>; this may
1401 involve going up with <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG> from the home position, but a program should
1402 never do this itself (unless <STRONG>ll</STRONG> does) because it can make no assumption
1403 about the effect of moving up from the home position. Note that the
1404 home position is the same as addressing to (0,0): to the top left
1405 corner of the screen, not of memory. (Thus, the \EH sequence on HP
1406 terminals cannot be used for <STRONG>home</STRONG>.)
1408 If the terminal has row or column absolute cursor addressing, these can
1409 be given as single parameter capabilities <STRONG>hpa</STRONG> (horizontal position
1410 absolute) and <STRONG>vpa</STRONG> (vertical position absolute). Sometimes these are
1411 shorter than the more general two parameter sequence (as with the
1412 hp2645) and can be used in preference to <STRONG>cup</STRONG>. If there are
1413 parameterized local motions (e.g., move <EM>n</EM> spaces to the right) these
1414 can be given as <STRONG>cud</STRONG>, <STRONG>cub</STRONG>, <STRONG>cuf</STRONG>, and <STRONG>cuu</STRONG> with a single parameter
1415 indicating how many spaces to move. These are primarily useful if the
1416 terminal does not have <STRONG>cup</STRONG>, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025.
1418 If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running a program
1419 that uses these capabilities, the codes to enter and exit this mode can
1420 be given as <STRONG>smcup</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmcup</STRONG>. This arises, for example, from terminals
1421 like the Concept with more than one page of memory. If the terminal
1422 has only memory relative cursor addressing and not screen relative
1423 cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed into the
1424 terminal for cursor addressing to work properly. This is also used for
1425 the TEKTRONIX 4025, where <STRONG>smcup</STRONG> sets the command character to be the
1426 one used by terminfo. If the <STRONG>smcup</STRONG> sequence will not restore the
1427 screen after an <STRONG>rmcup</STRONG> sequence is output (to the state prior to
1428 outputting <STRONG>rmcup</STRONG>), specify <STRONG>nrrmc</STRONG>.
1431 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Margins">Margins</a></H3><PRE>
1432 SVr4 (and X/Open Curses) list several string capabilities for setting
1433 margins. Two were intended for use with terminals, and another six
1434 were intended for use with printers.
1436 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The two terminal capabilities assume that the terminal may have the
1437 capability of setting the left and/or right margin at the current
1438 cursor column position.
1440 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The printer capabilities assume that the printer may have two types
1443 <STRONG>o</STRONG> the ability to set a top and/or bottom margin using the current
1446 <STRONG>o</STRONG> parameterized capabilities for setting the top, bottom, left,
1447 right margins given the number of rows or columns.
1449 In practice, the categorization into "terminal" and "printer" is not
1452 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The AT&T SVr4 terminal database uses <STRONG>smgl</STRONG> four times, for AT&T
1455 Three of the four are printers. They lack the ability to set
1456 left/right margins by specifying the column.
1458 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Other (non-AT&T) terminals may support margins but using different
1459 assumptions from AT&T.
1461 For instance, the DEC VT420 supports left/right margins, but only
1462 using a column parameter. As an added complication, the VT420 uses
1463 two settings to fully enable left/right margins (left/right margin
1464 mode, and origin mode). The former enables the margins, which
1465 causes printed text to wrap within margins, but the latter is
1466 needed to prevent cursor-addressing outside those margins.
1468 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Both DEC VT420 left/right margins are set with a single control
1469 sequence. If either is omitted, the corresponding margin is set to
1470 the left or right edge of the display (rather than leaving the
1473 These are the margin-related capabilities:
1475 <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Description</STRONG>
1476 ---------------------------------------------------
1477 <STRONG>smgl</STRONG> Set left margin at current column
1478 <STRONG>smgr</STRONG> Set right margin at current column
1479 <STRONG>smgb</STRONG> Set bottom margin at current line
1480 <STRONG>smgt</STRONG> Set top margin at current line
1481 <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> Set bottom margin at line <EM>N</EM>
1482 <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> Set left margin at column <EM>N</EM>
1483 <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> Set right margin at column <EM>N</EM>
1484 <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> Set top margin at line <EM>N</EM>
1485 <STRONG>smglr</STRONG> Set both left and right margins to <EM>L</EM> and <EM>R</EM>
1486 <STRONG>smgtb</STRONG> Set both top and bottom margins to <EM>T</EM> and <EM>B</EM>
1488 When writing an application that uses these string capabilities, the
1489 pairs should be first checked to see if each capability in the pair is
1490 set or only one is set:
1492 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If both <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> are set, each is used with a single
1493 argument, <EM>N</EM>, that gives the column number of the left and right
1494 margin, respectively.
1496 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If both <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> are set, each is used to set the top and
1497 bottom margin, respectively:
1499 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> is used with a single argument, <EM>N</EM>, the line number of the
1502 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> is used with two arguments, <EM>N</EM> and <EM>M</EM>, that give the line
1503 number of the bottom margin, the first counting from the top of
1504 the page and the second counting from the bottom. This
1505 accommodates the two styles of specifying the bottom margin in
1506 different manufacturers' printers.
1508 When designing a terminfo entry for a printer that has a settable
1509 bottom margin, only the first or second argument should be used,
1510 depending on the printer. When developing an application that uses
1511 <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> to set the bottom margin, both arguments must be given.
1513 Conversely, when only one capability in the pair is set:
1515 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If only one of <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> is set, then it is used with two
1516 arguments, the column number of the left and right margins, in that
1519 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Likewise, if only one of <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG> is set, then it is used
1520 with two arguments that give the top and bottom margins, in that
1521 order, counting from the top of the page.
1523 When designing a terminfo entry for a printer that requires setting
1524 both left and right or top and bottom margins simultaneously, only
1525 one capability in the pairs <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> or <STRONG>smgtp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgbp</STRONG>
1526 should be defined, leaving the other unset.
1528 Except for very old terminal descriptions, e.g., those developed for
1529 SVr4, the scheme just described should be considered obsolete. An
1530 improved set of capabilities was added late in the SVr4 releases (<STRONG>smglr</STRONG>
1531 and <STRONG>smgtb</STRONG>), which explicitly use two parameters for setting the
1532 left/right or top/bottom margins.
1534 When setting margins, the line- and column-values are zero-based.
1536 The <STRONG>mgc</STRONG> string capability should be defined. Applications such as
1537 <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG> rely upon this to reset all margins.
1540 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Area-Clears">Area Clears</a></H3><PRE>
1541 If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
1542 line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as <STRONG>el</STRONG>. If
1543 the terminal can clear from the beginning of the line to the current
1544 position inclusive, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be
1545 given as <STRONG>el1</STRONG>. If the terminal can clear from the current position to
1546 the end of the display, then this should be given as <STRONG>ed</STRONG>. <STRONG>Ed</STRONG> is only
1547 defined from the first column of a line. (Thus, it can be simulated by
1548 a request to delete a large number of lines, if a true <STRONG>ed</STRONG> is not
1552 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Insert_Delete-Line-and-Vertical-Motions">Insert/Delete Line and Vertical Motions</a></H3><PRE>
1553 If the terminal can open a new blank line before the line where the
1554 cursor is, this should be given as <STRONG>il1</STRONG>; this is done only from the
1555 first position of a line. The cursor must then appear on the newly
1556 blank line. If the terminal can delete the line which the cursor is
1557 on, then this should be given as <STRONG>dl1</STRONG>; this is done only from the first
1558 position on the line to be deleted. Versions of <STRONG>il1</STRONG> and <STRONG>dl1</STRONG> which take
1559 a single parameter and insert or delete that many lines can be given as
1560 <STRONG>il</STRONG> and <STRONG>dl</STRONG>.
1562 If the terminal has a settable scrolling region (like the vt100) the
1563 command to set this can be described with the <STRONG>csr</STRONG> capability, which
1564 takes two parameters: the top and bottom lines of the scrolling region.
1565 The cursor position is, alas, undefined after using this command.
1567 It is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line using <STRONG>csr</STRONG> on
1568 a properly chosen region; the <STRONG>sc</STRONG> and <STRONG>rc</STRONG> (save and restore cursor)
1569 commands may be useful for ensuring that your synthesized insert/delete
1570 string does not move the cursor. (Note that the <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> library
1571 does this synthesis automatically, so you need not compose
1572 insert/delete strings for an entry with <STRONG>csr</STRONG>).
1574 Yet another way to construct insert and delete might be to use a
1575 combination of index with the memory-lock feature found on some
1576 terminals (like the HP-700/90 series, which however also has
1579 Inserting lines at the top or bottom of the screen can also be done
1580 using <STRONG>ri</STRONG> or <STRONG>ind</STRONG> on many terminals without a true insert/delete line,
1581 and is often faster even on terminals with those features.
1583 The Boolean <STRONG>non_dest_scroll_region</STRONG> should be set if each scrolling
1584 window is effectively a view port on a screen-sized canvas. To test
1585 for this capability, create a scrolling region in the middle of the
1586 screen, write something to the bottom line, move the cursor to the top
1587 of the region, and do <STRONG>ri</STRONG> followed by <STRONG>dl1</STRONG> or <STRONG>ind</STRONG>. If the data scrolled
1588 off the bottom of the region by the <STRONG>ri</STRONG> re-appears, then scrolling is
1589 non-destructive. System V and XSI Curses expect that <STRONG>ind</STRONG>, <STRONG>ri</STRONG>, <STRONG>indn</STRONG>,
1590 and <STRONG>rin</STRONG> will simulate destructive scrolling; their documentation
1591 cautions you not to define <STRONG>csr</STRONG> unless this is true. This <STRONG>curses</STRONG>
1592 implementation is more liberal and will do explicit erases after
1593 scrolling if <STRONG>ndsrc</STRONG> is defined.
1595 If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory,
1596 which all commands affect, it should be given as the parameterized
1597 string <STRONG>wind</STRONG>. The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in
1598 memory and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order.
1600 If the terminal can retain display memory above, then the <STRONG>da</STRONG> capability
1601 should be given; if display memory can be retained below, then <STRONG>db</STRONG>
1602 should be given. These indicate that deleting a line or scrolling may
1603 bring non-blank lines up from below or that scrolling back with <STRONG>ri</STRONG> may
1604 bring down non-blank lines.
1607 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Insert_Delete-Character">Insert/Delete Character</a></H3><PRE>
1608 There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to
1609 insert/delete character which can be described using <EM>terminfo.</EM> The
1610 most common insert/delete character operations affect only the
1611 characters on the current line and shift characters off the end of the
1612 line rigidly. Other terminals, such as the Concept 100 and the Perkin
1613 Elmer Owl, make a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the
1614 screen, shifting upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on
1615 the screen which is either eliminated, or expanded to two untyped
1618 You can determine the kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen
1619 and then typing text separated by cursor motions. Type "abc def"
1620 using local cursor motions (not spaces) between the "abc" and the
1621 "def". Then position the cursor before the "abc" and put the terminal
1622 in insert mode. If typing characters causes the rest of the line to
1623 shift rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal
1624 does not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions. If the
1625 "abc" shifts over to the "def" which then move together around the end
1626 of the current line and onto the next as you insert, you have the
1627 second type of terminal, and should give the capability <STRONG>in</STRONG>, which
1628 stands for "insert null".
1630 While these are two logically separate attributes (one line versus
1631 multi-line insert mode, and special treatment of untyped spaces) we
1632 have seen no terminals whose insert mode cannot be described with the
1635 Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an insert mode, and
1636 terminals which send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the
1637 current line. Give as <STRONG>smir</STRONG> the sequence to get into insert mode. Give
1638 as <STRONG>rmir</STRONG> the sequence to leave insert mode. Now give as <STRONG>ich1</STRONG> any
1639 sequence needed to be sent just before sending the character to be
1640 inserted. Most terminals with a true insert mode will not give <STRONG>ich1</STRONG>;
1641 terminals which send a sequence to open a screen position should give
1644 If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to <STRONG>ich1</STRONG>.
1645 Technically, you should not give both unless the terminal actually
1646 requires both to be used in combination. Accordingly, some non-curses
1647 applications get confused if both are present; the symptom is doubled
1648 characters in an update using insert. This requirement is now rare;
1649 most <STRONG>ich</STRONG> sequences do not require previous smir, and most smir insert
1650 modes do not require <STRONG>ich1</STRONG> before each character. Therefore, the new
1651 <STRONG>curses</STRONG> actually assumes this is the case and uses either <STRONG>rmir</STRONG>/<STRONG>smir</STRONG> or
1652 <STRONG>ich</STRONG>/<STRONG>ich1</STRONG> as appropriate (but not both). If you have to write an entry
1653 to be used under new curses for a terminal old enough to need both,
1654 include the <STRONG>rmir</STRONG>/<STRONG>smir</STRONG> sequences in <STRONG>ich1</STRONG>.
1656 If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds
1657 in <STRONG>ip</STRONG> (a string option). Any other sequence which may need to be sent
1658 after an insert of a single character may also be given in <STRONG>ip</STRONG>. If your
1659 terminal needs both to be placed into an "insert mode" and a special
1660 code to precede each inserted character, then both <STRONG>smir</STRONG>/<STRONG>rmir</STRONG> and <STRONG>ich1</STRONG>
1661 can be given, and both will be used. The <STRONG>ich</STRONG> capability, with one
1662 parameter, <EM>n</EM>, will repeat the effects of <STRONG>ich1</STRONG> <EM>n</EM> times.
1664 If padding is necessary between characters typed while not in insert
1665 mode, give this as a number of milliseconds padding in <STRONG>rmp</STRONG>.
1667 It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode to
1668 delete characters on the same line (e.g., if there is a tab after the
1669 insertion position). If your terminal allows motion while in insert
1670 mode you can give the capability <STRONG>mir</STRONG> to speed up inserting in this
1671 case. Omitting <STRONG>mir</STRONG> will affect only speed. Some terminals (notably
1672 Datamedia's) must not have <STRONG>mir</STRONG> because of the way their insert mode
1675 Finally, you can specify <STRONG>dch1</STRONG> to delete a single character, <STRONG>dch</STRONG> with
1676 one parameter, <EM>n</EM>, to delete <EM>n</EM> <EM>characters,</EM> and delete mode by giving
1677 <STRONG>smdc</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmdc</STRONG> to enter and exit delete mode (any mode the terminal
1678 needs to be placed in for <STRONG>dch1</STRONG> to work).
1680 A command to erase <EM>n</EM> characters (equivalent to outputting <EM>n</EM> blanks
1681 without moving the cursor) can be given as <STRONG>ech</STRONG> with one parameter.
1684 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Highlighting_Underlining_and-Visible-Bells">Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells</a></H3><PRE>
1685 If your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes, these can
1686 be represented in a number of different ways. You should choose one
1687 display form as <EM>standout</EM> <EM>mode</EM>, representing a good, high contrast,
1688 easy-on-the-eyes, format for highlighting error messages and other
1689 attention getters. (If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-
1690 bright is good, or reverse video alone.) The sequences to enter and
1691 exit standout mode are given as <STRONG>smso</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmso</STRONG>, respectively. If the
1692 code to change into or out of standout mode leaves one or even two
1693 blank spaces on the screen, as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061 do, then
1694 <STRONG>xmc</STRONG> should be given to tell how many spaces are left.
1696 Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as <STRONG>smul</STRONG> and
1697 <STRONG>rmul</STRONG> respectively. If the terminal has a code to underline the current
1698 character and move the cursor one space to the right, such as the
1699 Microterm Mime, this can be given as <STRONG>uc</STRONG>.
1701 Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include <STRONG>blink</STRONG>
1702 (blinking) <STRONG>bold</STRONG> (bold or extra bright) <STRONG>dim</STRONG> (dim or half-bright) <STRONG>invis</STRONG>
1703 (blanking or invisible text) <STRONG>prot</STRONG> (protected) <STRONG>rev</STRONG> (reverse video) <STRONG>sgr0</STRONG>
1704 (turn off <EM>all</EM> attribute modes) <STRONG>smacs</STRONG> (enter alternate character set
1705 mode) and <STRONG>rmacs</STRONG> (exit alternate character set mode). Turning on any of
1706 these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.
1708 If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of modes, this
1709 should be given as <STRONG>sgr</STRONG> (set attributes), taking 9 parameters. Each
1710 parameter is either zero (0) or nonzero, as the corresponding attribute
1711 is on or off. The 9 parameters are, in order: standout, underline,
1712 reverse, blink, dim, bold, blank, protect, alternate character set.
1713 Not all modes need be supported by <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>, only those for which
1714 corresponding separate attribute commands exist.
1716 For example, the DEC vt220 supports most of the modes:
1718 <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> <STRONG>Parameter</STRONG> <STRONG>Attribute</STRONG> <STRONG>Escape</STRONG> <STRONG>Sequence</STRONG>
1719 ------------------------------------------------
1721 p1 standout \E[0;1;7m
1722 p2 underline \E[0;4m
1725 p5 dim not available
1729 p9 altcharset ^O (off) ^N (on)
1731 We begin each escape sequence by turning off any existing modes, since
1732 there is no quick way to determine whether they are active. Standout
1733 is set up to be the combination of reverse and bold. The vt220
1734 terminal has a protect mode, though it is not commonly used in sgr
1735 because it protects characters on the screen from the host's erasures.
1736 The altcharset mode also is different in that it is either ^O or ^N,
1737 depending on whether it is off or on. If all modes are turned on, the
1738 resulting sequence is \E[0;1;4;5;7;8m^N.
1740 Some sequences are common to different modes. For example, ;7 is
1741 output when either p1 or p3 is true, that is, if either standout or
1742 reverse modes are turned on.
1744 Writing out the above sequences, along with their dependencies yields
1746 <STRONG>Sequence</STRONG> <STRONG>When</STRONG> <STRONG>to</STRONG> <STRONG>Output</STRONG> <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> <STRONG>Translation</STRONG>
1747 ----------------------------------------------------
1749 ;1 if p1 or p6 %?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;
1750 ;4 if p2 %?%p2%|%t;4%;
1751 ;5 if p4 %?%p4%|%t;5%;
1752 ;7 if p1 or p3 %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;
1753 ;8 if p7 %?%p7%|%t;8%;
1755 ^N or ^O if p9 ^N, else ^O %?%p9%t^N%e^O%;
1757 Putting this all together into the sgr sequence gives:
1759 sgr=\E[0%?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p4%t;5%;
1760 %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;%?%p7%t;8%;m%?%p9%t\016%e\017%;,
1762 Remember that if you specify sgr, you must also specify sgr0. Also,
1763 some implementations rely on sgr being given if sgr0 is, Not all
1764 terminfo entries necessarily have an sgr string, however. Many
1765 terminfo entries are derived from termcap entries which have no sgr
1766 string. The only drawback to adding an sgr string is that termcap also
1767 assumes that sgr0 does not exit alternate character set mode.
1769 Terminals with the "magic cookie" glitch (<STRONG>xmc</STRONG>) deposit special
1770 "cookies" when they receive mode-setting sequences, which affect the
1771 display algorithm rather than having extra bits for each character.
1772 Some terminals, such as the HP 2621, automatically leave standout mode
1773 when they move to a new line or the cursor is addressed. Programs
1774 using standout mode should exit standout mode before moving the cursor
1775 or sending a newline, unless the <STRONG>msgr</STRONG> capability, asserting that it is
1776 safe to move in standout mode, is present.
1778 If the terminal has a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error
1779 quietly (a bell replacement) then this can be given as <STRONG>flash</STRONG>; it must
1780 not move the cursor.
1782 If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal when it is not
1783 on the bottom line (to make, for example, a non-blinking underline into
1784 an easier to find block or blinking underline) give this sequence as
1785 <STRONG>cvvis</STRONG>. If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give
1786 that as <STRONG>civis</STRONG>. The capability <STRONG>cnorm</STRONG> should be given which undoes the
1787 effects of both of these modes.
1789 If your terminal correctly generates underlined characters (with no
1790 special codes needed) even though it does not overstrike, then you
1791 should give the capability <STRONG>ul</STRONG>. If a character overstriking another
1792 leaves both characters on the screen, specify the capability <STRONG>os</STRONG>. If
1793 overstrikes are erasable with a blank, then this should be indicated by
1794 giving <STRONG>eo</STRONG>.
1797 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Keypad-and-Function-Keys">Keypad and Function Keys</a></H3><PRE>
1798 If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are
1799 pressed, this information can be given. Note that it is not possible
1800 to handle terminals where the keypad only works in local (this applies,
1801 for example, to the unshifted HP 2621 keys). If the keypad can be set
1802 to transmit or not transmit, give these codes as <STRONG>smkx</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmkx</STRONG>.
1803 Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.
1805 The codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow, up arrow, down arrow,
1806 and home keys can be given as <STRONG>kcub1,</STRONG> <STRONG>kcuf1,</STRONG> <STRONG>kcuu1,</STRONG> <STRONG>kcud1,</STRONG> and <STRONG>khome</STRONG>
1807 respectively. If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f10, the
1808 codes they send can be given as <STRONG>kf0,</STRONG> <STRONG>kf1,</STRONG> <STRONG>...,</STRONG> <STRONG>kf10</STRONG>. If these keys
1809 have labels other than the default f0 through f10, the labels can be
1810 given as <STRONG>lf0,</STRONG> <STRONG>lf1,</STRONG> <STRONG>...,</STRONG> <STRONG>lf10</STRONG>.
1812 The codes transmitted by certain other special keys can be given:
1814 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kll</STRONG> (home down),
1816 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kbs</STRONG> (backspace),
1818 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>ktbc</STRONG> (clear all tabs),
1820 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kctab</STRONG> (clear the tab stop in this column),
1822 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kclr</STRONG> (clear screen or erase key),
1824 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kdch1</STRONG> (delete character),
1826 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kdl1</STRONG> (delete line),
1828 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>krmir</STRONG> (exit insert mode),
1830 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kel</STRONG> (clear to end of line),
1832 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>ked</STRONG> (clear to end of screen),
1834 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kich1</STRONG> (insert character or enter insert mode),
1836 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kil1</STRONG> (insert line),
1838 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>knp</STRONG> (next page),
1840 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kpp</STRONG> (previous page),
1842 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kind</STRONG> (scroll forward/down),
1844 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>kri</STRONG> (scroll backward/up),
1846 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>khts</STRONG> (set a tab stop in this column).
1848 In addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys including the
1849 four arrow keys, the other five keys can be given as <STRONG>ka1</STRONG>, <STRONG>ka3</STRONG>, <STRONG>kb2</STRONG>,
1850 <STRONG>kc1</STRONG>, and <STRONG>kc3</STRONG>. These keys are useful when the effects of a 3 by 3
1851 directional pad are needed.
1853 Strings to program function keys can be given as <STRONG>pfkey</STRONG>, <STRONG>pfloc</STRONG>, and <STRONG>pfx</STRONG>.
1854 A string to program screen labels should be specified as <STRONG>pln</STRONG>. Each of
1855 these strings takes two parameters: the function key number to program
1856 (from 0 to 10) and the string to program it with. Function key numbers
1857 out of this range may program undefined keys in a terminal dependent
1858 manner. The difference between the capabilities is that <STRONG>pfkey</STRONG> causes
1859 pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the given
1860 string; <STRONG>pfloc</STRONG> causes the string to be executed by the terminal in
1861 local; and <STRONG>pfx</STRONG> causes the string to be transmitted to the computer.
1863 The capabilities <STRONG>nlab</STRONG>, <STRONG>lw</STRONG> and <STRONG>lh</STRONG> define the number of programmable
1864 screen labels and their width and height. If there are commands to
1865 turn the labels on and off, give them in <STRONG>smln</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmln</STRONG>. <STRONG>smln</STRONG> is
1866 normally output after one or more pln sequences to make sure that the
1867 change becomes visible.
1870 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Tabs-and-Initialization">Tabs and Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
1871 A few capabilities are used only for tabs:
1873 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has hardware tabs, the command to advance to the
1874 next tab stop can be given as <STRONG>ht</STRONG> (usually control/I).
1876 <STRONG>o</STRONG> A "back-tab" command which moves leftward to the preceding tab stop
1877 can be given as <STRONG>cbt</STRONG>.
1879 By convention, if the teletype modes indicate that tabs are being
1880 expanded by the computer rather than being sent to the terminal,
1881 programs should not use <STRONG>ht</STRONG> or <STRONG>cbt</STRONG> even if they are present, since
1882 the user may not have the tab stops properly set.
1884 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has hardware tabs which are initially set every <EM>n</EM>
1885 spaces when the terminal is powered up, the numeric parameter <STRONG>it</STRONG> is
1886 given, showing the number of spaces the tabs are set to.
1888 The <STRONG>it</STRONG> capability is normally used by the <STRONG>tset</STRONG> command to determine
1889 whether to set the mode for hardware tab expansion, and whether to
1890 set the tab stops. If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved
1891 in non-volatile memory, the terminfo description can assume that
1892 they are properly set.
1894 Other capabilities include
1896 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>is1</STRONG>, <STRONG>is2</STRONG>, and <STRONG>is3</STRONG>, initialization strings for the terminal,
1898 <STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>iprog</STRONG>, the path name of a program to be run to initialize the
1901 <STRONG>o</STRONG> and <STRONG>if</STRONG>, the name of a file containing long initialization strings.
1903 These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes consistent
1904 with the rest of the terminfo description. They are normally sent to
1905 the terminal, by the <EM>init</EM> option of the <STRONG>tput</STRONG> program, each time the
1906 user logs in. They will be printed in the following order:
1909 <STRONG>iprog</STRONG>
1912 <STRONG>is1</STRONG> and
1913 <STRONG>is2</STRONG>
1915 set the margins using
1916 <STRONG>mgc</STRONG> or
1917 <STRONG>smglp</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgrp</STRONG> or
1918 <STRONG>smgl</STRONG> and <STRONG>smgr</STRONG>
1921 <STRONG>tbc</STRONG> and <STRONG>hts</STRONG>
1927 <STRONG>is3</STRONG>.
1929 Most initialization is done with <STRONG>is2</STRONG>. Special terminal modes can be
1930 set up without duplicating strings by putting the common sequences in
1931 <STRONG>is2</STRONG> and special cases in <STRONG>is1</STRONG> and <STRONG>is3</STRONG>.
1933 A set of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown
1934 state can be given as <STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rf</STRONG> and <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, analogous to <STRONG>is1</STRONG> <STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>is2</STRONG> <STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>if</STRONG>
1935 and <STRONG>is3</STRONG> respectively. These strings are output by <EM>reset</EM> option of
1936 <STRONG>tput</STRONG>, or by the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program (an alias of <STRONG>tset</STRONG>), which is used when
1937 the terminal gets into a wedged state. Commands are normally placed in
1938 <STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG> <STRONG>rs3</STRONG> and <STRONG>rf</STRONG> only if they produce annoying effects on the screen
1939 and are not necessary when logging in. For example, the command to set
1940 the vt100 into 80-column mode would normally be part of <STRONG>is2</STRONG>, but it
1941 causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally needed
1942 since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode.
1944 The <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program writes strings including <STRONG>iprog</STRONG>, etc., in the same
1945 order as the <EM>init</EM> program, using <STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, etc., instead of <STRONG>is1</STRONG>, etc. If
1946 any of <STRONG>rs1</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs2</STRONG>, <STRONG>rs3</STRONG>, or <STRONG>rf</STRONG> reset capability strings are missing, the
1947 <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program falls back upon the corresponding initialization
1950 If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as
1951 <STRONG>tbc</STRONG> (clear all tab stops) and <STRONG>hts</STRONG> (set a tab stop in the current column
1952 of every row). If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs
1953 than can be described by this, the sequence can be placed in <STRONG>is2</STRONG> or <STRONG>if</STRONG>.
1955 The <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>reset</STRONG> command uses the same capability strings as the <STRONG>reset</STRONG>
1956 command, although the two programs (<STRONG>tput</STRONG> and <STRONG>reset</STRONG>) provide different
1957 command-line options.
1959 In practice, these terminfo capabilities are not often used in
1960 initialization of tabs (though they are required for the <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> program):
1962 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Almost all hardware terminals (at least those which supported tabs)
1963 initialized those to every <EM>eight</EM> columns:
1965 The only exception was the AT&T 2300 series, which set tabs to
1966 every <EM>five</EM> columns.
1968 <STRONG>o</STRONG> In particular, developers of the hardware terminals which are
1969 commonly used as models for modern terminal emulators provided
1970 documentation demonstrating that <EM>eight</EM> columns were the standard.
1972 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Because of this, the terminal initialization programs <STRONG>tput</STRONG> and <STRONG>tset</STRONG>
1973 use the <STRONG>tbc</STRONG> (<STRONG>clear_all_tabs</STRONG>) and <STRONG>hts</STRONG> (<STRONG>set_tab</STRONG>) capabilities
1974 directly only when the <STRONG>it</STRONG> (<STRONG>init_tabs</STRONG>) capability is set to a value
1975 other than <EM>eight</EM>.
1978 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Delays-and-Padding">Delays and Padding</a></H3><PRE>
1979 Many older and slower terminals do not support either XON/XOFF or DTR
1980 handshaking, including hard copy terminals and some very archaic CRTs
1981 (including, for example, DEC VT100s). These may require padding
1982 characters after certain cursor motions and screen changes.
1984 If the terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking for flow control (that is, it
1985 automatically emits ^S back to the host when its input buffers are
1986 close to full), set <STRONG>xon</STRONG>. This capability suppresses the emission of
1987 padding. You can also set it for memory-mapped console devices
1988 effectively that do not have a speed limit. Padding information should
1989 still be included so that routines can make better decisions about
1990 relative costs, but actual pad characters will not be transmitted.
1992 If <STRONG>pb</STRONG> (padding baud rate) is given, padding is suppressed at baud rates
1993 below the value of <STRONG>pb</STRONG>. If the entry has no padding baud rate, then
1994 whether padding is emitted or not is completely controlled by <STRONG>xon</STRONG>.
1996 If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad,
1997 then this can be given as <STRONG>pad</STRONG>. Only the first character of the <STRONG>pad</STRONG>
2001 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Status-Lines">Status Lines</a></H3><PRE>
2002 Some terminals have an extra "status line" which is not normally used
2003 by software (and thus not counted in the terminal's <STRONG>lines</STRONG> capability).
2005 The simplest case is a status line which is cursor-addressable but not
2006 part of the main scrolling region on the screen; the Heathkit H19 has a
2007 status line of this kind, as would a 24-line VT100 with a 23-line
2008 scrolling region set up on initialization. This situation is indicated
2009 by the <STRONG>hs</STRONG> capability.
2011 Some terminals with status lines need special sequences to access the
2012 status line. These may be expressed as a string with single parameter
2013 <STRONG>tsl</STRONG> which takes the cursor to a given zero-origin column on the status
2014 line. The capability <STRONG>fsl</STRONG> must return to the main-screen cursor
2015 positions before the last <STRONG>tsl</STRONG>. You may need to embed the string values
2016 of <STRONG>sc</STRONG> (save cursor) and <STRONG>rc</STRONG> (restore cursor) in <STRONG>tsl</STRONG> and <STRONG>fsl</STRONG> to
2019 The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the width
2020 of the terminal. If this is untrue, you can specify it with the
2021 numeric capability <STRONG>wsl</STRONG>.
2023 A command to erase or blank the status line may be specified as <STRONG>dsl</STRONG>.
2025 The Boolean capability <STRONG>eslok</STRONG> specifies that escape sequences, tabs,
2026 etc., work ordinarily in the status line.
2028 The <EM>ncurses</EM> implementation does not yet use any of these capabilities.
2029 They are documented here in case they ever become important.
2032 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Line-Graphics">Line Graphics</a></H3><PRE>
2033 Many terminals have alternate character sets useful for forms-drawing.
2034 Terminfo and <STRONG>curses</STRONG> have built-in support for most of the drawing
2035 characters supported by the VT100, with some characters from the AT&T
2036 4410v1 added. This alternate character set may be specified by the
2037 <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capability.
2039 <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
2040 <STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Value</STRONG> <STRONG>Symbol</STRONG> <STRONG>ASCII</STRONG> <STRONG>Fallback</STRONG> <STRONG>/</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
2041 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
2042 <STRONG>ACS_RARROW</STRONG> 0x2b + <STRONG>></STRONG> arrow pointing right
2043 <STRONG>ACS_LARROW</STRONG> 0x2c , <STRONG><</STRONG> arrow pointing left
2044 <STRONG>ACS_UARROW</STRONG> 0x2d - <STRONG>^</STRONG> arrow pointing up
2045 <STRONG>ACS_DARROW</STRONG> 0x2e . <STRONG>v</STRONG> arrow pointing down
2046 <STRONG>ACS_BLOCK</STRONG> 0x30 0 <STRONG>#</STRONG> solid square block
2047 <STRONG>ACS_DIAMOND</STRONG> 0x60 ` <STRONG>+</STRONG> diamond
2048 <STRONG>ACS_CKBOARD</STRONG> 0x61 a <STRONG>:</STRONG> checker board (stipple)
2049 <STRONG>ACS_DEGREE</STRONG> 0x66 f <STRONG>\</STRONG> degree symbol
2050 <STRONG>ACS_PLMINUS</STRONG> 0x67 g <STRONG>#</STRONG> plus/minus
2051 <STRONG>ACS_BOARD</STRONG> 0x68 h <STRONG>#</STRONG> board of squares
2052 <STRONG>ACS_LANTERN</STRONG> 0x69 i <STRONG>#</STRONG> lantern symbol
2053 <STRONG>ACS_LRCORNER</STRONG> 0x6a j <STRONG>+</STRONG> lower right corner
2055 <STRONG>ACS_URCORNER</STRONG> 0x6b k <STRONG>+</STRONG> upper right corner
2056 <STRONG>ACS_ULCORNER</STRONG> 0x6c l <STRONG>+</STRONG> upper left corner
2057 <STRONG>ACS_LLCORNER</STRONG> 0x6d m <STRONG>+</STRONG> lower left corner
2058 <STRONG>ACS_PLUS</STRONG> 0x6e n <STRONG>+</STRONG> large plus or crossover
2059 <STRONG>ACS_S1</STRONG> 0x6f o <STRONG>~</STRONG> scan line 1
2060 <STRONG>ACS_S3</STRONG> 0x70 p <STRONG>-</STRONG> scan line 3
2061 <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG> 0x71 q <STRONG>-</STRONG> horizontal line
2062 <STRONG>ACS_S7</STRONG> 0x72 r <STRONG>-</STRONG> scan line 7
2063 <STRONG>ACS_S9</STRONG> 0x73 s <STRONG>_</STRONG> scan line 9
2064 <STRONG>ACS_LTEE</STRONG> 0x74 t <STRONG>+</STRONG> tee pointing right
2065 <STRONG>ACS_RTEE</STRONG> 0x75 u <STRONG>+</STRONG> tee pointing left
2066 <STRONG>ACS_BTEE</STRONG> 0x76 v <STRONG>+</STRONG> tee pointing up
2067 <STRONG>ACS_TTEE</STRONG> 0x77 w <STRONG>+</STRONG> tee pointing down
2068 <STRONG>ACS_VLINE</STRONG> 0x78 x <STRONG>|</STRONG> vertical line
2069 <STRONG>ACS_LEQUAL</STRONG> 0x79 y <STRONG><</STRONG> less-than-or-equal-to
2070 <STRONG>ACS_GEQUAL</STRONG> 0x7a z <STRONG>></STRONG> greater-than-or-equal-to
2071 <STRONG>ACS_PI</STRONG> 0x7b { <STRONG>*</STRONG> greek pi
2072 <STRONG>ACS_NEQUAL</STRONG> 0x7c | <STRONG>!</STRONG> not-equal
2073 <STRONG>ACS_STERLING</STRONG> 0x7d } <STRONG>f</STRONG> UK pound sign
2074 <STRONG>ACS_BULLET</STRONG> 0x7e ~ <STRONG>o</STRONG> bullet
2076 A few notes apply to the table itself:
2078 <STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses incorrectly states that the mapping for <EM>lantern</EM> is
2079 uppercase "I" although Unix implementations use the lowercase "i"
2082 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The DEC VT100 implemented graphics using the alternate character
2083 set feature, temporarily switching <EM>modes</EM> and sending characters in
2084 the range 0x60 (96) to 0x7e (126) (the <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> <STRONG>Value</STRONG> column in the
2087 <STRONG>o</STRONG> The AT&T terminal added graphics characters outside that range.
2089 Some of the characters within the range do not match the VT100;
2090 presumably they were used in the AT&T terminal: <EM>board</EM> <EM>of</EM> <EM>squares</EM>
2091 replaces the VT100 <EM>newline</EM> symbol, while <EM>lantern</EM> <EM>symbol</EM> replaces
2092 the VT100 <EM>vertical</EM> <EM>tab</EM> symbol. The other VT100 symbols for control
2093 characters (<EM>horizontal</EM> <EM>tab</EM>, <EM>carriage</EM> <EM>return</EM> and <EM>line-feed</EM>) are not
2096 The best way to define a new device's graphics set is to add a column
2097 to a copy of this table for your terminal, giving the character which
2098 (when emitted between <STRONG>smacs</STRONG>/<STRONG>rmacs</STRONG> switches) will be rendered as the
2099 corresponding graphic. Then read off the VT100/your terminal character
2100 pairs right to left in sequence; these become the ACSC string.
2103 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Color-Handling">Color Handling</a></H3><PRE>
2104 The curses library functions <STRONG>init_pair</STRONG> and <STRONG>init_color</STRONG> manipulate the
2105 <EM>color</EM> <EM>pairs</EM> and <EM>color</EM> <EM>values</EM> discussed in this section (see
2106 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG> for details on these and related functions).
2108 Most color terminals are either "Tektronix-like" or "HP-like":
2110 <STRONG>o</STRONG> Tektronix-like terminals have a predefined set of <EM>N</EM> colors (where <EM>N</EM>
2111 is usually 8), and can set character-cell foreground and background
2112 characters independently, mixing them into <EM>N</EM> * <EM>N</EM> color pairs.
2114 <STRONG>o</STRONG> On HP-like terminals, the user must set each color pair up
2115 separately (foreground and background are not independently
2116 settable). Up to <EM>M</EM> color pairs may be set up from 2*<EM>M</EM> different
2117 colors. ANSI-compatible terminals are Tektronix-like.
2119 Some basic color capabilities are independent of the color method. The
2120 numeric capabilities <STRONG>colors</STRONG> and <STRONG>pairs</STRONG> specify the maximum numbers of
2121 colors and color pairs that can be displayed simultaneously. The <STRONG>op</STRONG>
2122 (original pair) string resets foreground and background colors to their
2123 default values for the terminal. The <STRONG>oc</STRONG> string resets all colors or
2124 color pairs to their default values for the terminal. Some terminals
2125 (including many PC terminal emulators) erase screen areas with the
2126 current background color rather than the power-up default background;
2127 these should have the Boolean capability <STRONG>bce</STRONG>.
2129 While the curses library works with <EM>color</EM> <EM>pairs</EM> (reflecting the
2130 inability of some devices to set foreground and background colors
2131 independently), there are separate capabilities for setting these
2134 <STRONG>o</STRONG> To change the current foreground or background color on a
2135 Tektronix-type terminal, use <STRONG>setaf</STRONG> (set ANSI foreground) and <STRONG>setab</STRONG>
2136 (set ANSI background) or <STRONG>setf</STRONG> (set foreground) and <STRONG>setb</STRONG> (set
2137 background). These take one parameter, the color number. The SVr4
2138 documentation describes only <STRONG>setaf</STRONG>/<STRONG>setab</STRONG>; the XPG4 draft says that
2139 "If the terminal supports ANSI escape sequences to set background
2140 and foreground, they should be coded as <STRONG>setaf</STRONG> and <STRONG>setab</STRONG>,
2143 <STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal supports other escape sequences to set background
2144 and foreground, they should be coded as <STRONG>setf</STRONG> and <STRONG>setb</STRONG>,
2145 respectively. The <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> and the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG> functions use the
2146 <STRONG>setaf</STRONG> and <STRONG>setab</STRONG> capabilities if they are defined.
2148 The <STRONG>setaf</STRONG>/<STRONG>setab</STRONG> and <STRONG>setf</STRONG>/<STRONG>setb</STRONG> capabilities take a single numeric
2149 argument each. Argument values 0-7 of <STRONG>setaf</STRONG>/<STRONG>setab</STRONG> are portably defined
2150 as follows (the middle column is the symbolic #define available in the
2151 header for the <STRONG>curses</STRONG> or <EM>ncurses</EM> libraries). The terminal hardware is
2152 free to map these as it likes, but the RGB values indicate normal
2153 locations in color space.
2155 <STRONG>Color</STRONG> <STRONG>#define</STRONG> <STRONG>Value</STRONG> <STRONG>RGB</STRONG>
2156 ------------------------------------------------
2157 black <STRONG>COLOR_BLACK</STRONG> 0 0, 0, 0
2158 red <STRONG>COLOR_RED</STRONG> 1 max, 0, 0
2159 green <STRONG>COLOR_GREEN</STRONG> 2 0, max, 0
2160 yellow <STRONG>COLOR_YELLOW</STRONG> 3 max, max, 0
2161 blue <STRONG>COLOR_BLUE</STRONG> 4 0, 0, max
2162 magenta <STRONG>COLOR_MAGENTA</STRONG> 5 max, 0, max
2163 cyan <STRONG>COLOR_CYAN</STRONG> 6 0, max, max
2164 white <STRONG>COLOR_WHITE</STRONG> 7 max, max, max
2166 The argument values of <STRONG>setf</STRONG>/<STRONG>setb</STRONG> historically correspond to a different
2169 <STRONG>Color</STRONG> <STRONG>#define</STRONG> <STRONG>Value</STRONG> <STRONG>RGB</STRONG>
2170 ------------------------------------------------
2171 black <STRONG>COLOR_BLACK</STRONG> 0 0, 0, 0
2172 blue <STRONG>COLOR_BLUE</STRONG> 1 0, 0, max
2173 green <STRONG>COLOR_GREEN</STRONG> 2 0, max, 0
2174 cyan <STRONG>COLOR_CYAN</STRONG> 3 0, max, max
2175 red <STRONG>COLOR_RED</STRONG> 4 max, 0, 0
2176 magenta <STRONG>COLOR_MAGENTA</STRONG> 5 max, 0, max
2177 yellow <STRONG>COLOR_YELLOW</STRONG> 6 max, max, 0
2178 white <STRONG>COLOR_WHITE</STRONG> 7 max, max, max
2180 It is important to not confuse the two sets of color capabilities;
2181 otherwise red/blue will be interchanged on the display.
2183 On an HP-like terminal, use <STRONG>scp</STRONG> with a color pair number parameter to
2184 set which color pair is current.
2186 Some terminals allow the <EM>color</EM> <EM>values</EM> to be modified:
2188 <STRONG>o</STRONG> On a Tektronix-like terminal, the capability <STRONG>ccc</STRONG> may be present to
2189 indicate that colors can be modified. If so, the <STRONG>initc</STRONG> capability
2190 will take a color number (0 to <STRONG>colors</STRONG> - 1)and three more parameters
2191 which describe the color. These three parameters default to being
2192 interpreted as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values. If the Boolean
2193 capability <STRONG>hls</STRONG> is present, they are instead as HLS (Hue, Lightness,
2194 Saturation) indices. The ranges are terminal-dependent.
2196 <STRONG>o</STRONG> On an HP-like terminal, <STRONG>initp</STRONG> may give a capability for changing a
2197 color pair value. It will take seven parameters; a color pair
2198 number (0 to <STRONG>max_pairs</STRONG> - 1), and two triples describing first
2199 background and then foreground colors. These parameters must be
2200 (Red, Green, Blue) or (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) depending on
2201 <STRONG>hls</STRONG>.
2203 On some color terminals, colors collide with highlights. You can
2204 register these collisions with the <STRONG>ncv</STRONG> capability. This is a bit mask
2205 of attributes not to be used when colors are enabled. The
2206 correspondence with the attributes understood by <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is as follows:
2208 <STRONG>Attribute</STRONG> <STRONG>Bit</STRONG> <STRONG>Decimal</STRONG> <STRONG>Set</STRONG> <STRONG>by</STRONG>
2209 --------------------------------------
2210 <STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG> 0 1 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2211 <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> 1 2 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2212 <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG> 2 4 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2213 <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG> 3 8 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2214 <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG> 4 16 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2215 <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG> 5 32 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2216 <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG> 6 64 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2217 <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG> 7 128 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2218 <STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> 8 256 <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
2219 <STRONG>A_HORIZONTAL</STRONG> 9 512 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2220 <STRONG>A_LEFT</STRONG> 10 1024 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2221 <STRONG>A_LOW</STRONG> 11 2048 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2222 <STRONG>A_RIGHT</STRONG> 12 4096 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2223 <STRONG>A_TOP</STRONG> 13 8192 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2224 <STRONG>A_VERTICAL</STRONG> 14 16384 <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG>
2225 <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> 15 32768 <STRONG>sitm</STRONG>
2227 For example, on many IBM PC consoles, the underline attribute collides
2228 with the foreground color blue and is not available in color mode.
2229 These should have an <STRONG>ncv</STRONG> capability of 2.
2231 SVr4 curses does nothing with <STRONG>ncv</STRONG>, <EM>ncurses</EM> recognizes it and optimizes
2232 the output in favor of colors.
2235 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></H3><PRE>
2236 If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad,
2237 then this can be given as pad. Only the first character of the pad
2238 string is used. If the terminal does not have a pad character, specify
2239 npc. Note that <EM>ncurses</EM> implements the termcap-compatible <STRONG>PC</STRONG> variable;
2240 though the application may set this value to something other than a
2241 null, <EM>ncurses</EM> will test <STRONG>npc</STRONG> first and use napms if the terminal has no
2244 If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be indicated
2245 with <STRONG>hu</STRONG> (half-line up) and <STRONG>hd</STRONG> (half-line down). This is primarily
2246 useful for superscripts and subscripts on hard-copy terminals. If a
2247 hard-copy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give this as
2248 <STRONG>ff</STRONG> (usually control/L).
2250 If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of
2251 times (to save time transmitting a large number of identical
2252 characters) this can be indicated with the parameterized string <STRONG>rep</STRONG>.
2253 The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second is
2254 the number of times to repeat it. Thus, tparm(repeat_char, 'x', 10) is
2255 the same as "xxxxxxxxxx".
2257 If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the TEKTRONIX
2258 4025, this can be indicated with <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG>. A prototype command character
2259 is chosen which is used in all capabilities. This character is given
2260 in the <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG> capability to identify it. The following convention is
2261 supported on some Unix systems: The environment is to be searched for a
2262 <STRONG>CC</STRONG> variable, and if found, all occurrences of the prototype character
2263 are replaced with the character in the environment variable.
2265 Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known
2266 terminal, such as <EM>switch</EM>, <EM>dialup</EM>, <EM>patch</EM>, and <EM>network</EM>, should include
2267 the <STRONG>gn</STRONG> (generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do
2268 not know how to talk to the terminal. (This capability does not apply
2269 to <EM>virtual</EM> terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are
2272 If the terminal has a "meta key" which acts as a shift key, setting the
2273 8th bit of any character transmitted, this fact can be indicated with
2274 <STRONG>km</STRONG>. Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it
2275 will usually be cleared. If strings exist to turn this "meta mode" on
2276 and off, they can be given as <STRONG>smm</STRONG> and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG>.
2278 If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at
2279 once, the number of lines of memory can be indicated with <STRONG>lm</STRONG>. A value
2280 of <STRONG>lm</STRONG>#0 indicates that the number of lines is not fixed, but that there
2281 is still more memory than fits on the screen.
2283 If the terminal is one of those supported by the Unix virtual terminal
2284 protocol, the terminal number can be given as <STRONG>vt</STRONG>.
2286 Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer connected to the
2287 terminal can be given as <STRONG>mc0</STRONG>: print the contents of the screen, <STRONG>mc4</STRONG>:
2288 turn off the printer, and <STRONG>mc5</STRONG>: turn on the printer. When the printer
2289 is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the printer. It
2290 is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen
2291 when the printer is on. A variation <STRONG>mc5p</STRONG> takes one parameter, and
2292 leaves the printer on for as many characters as the value of the
2293 parameter, then turns the printer off. The parameter should not exceed
2294 255. All text, including <STRONG>mc4</STRONG>, is transparently passed to the printer
2295 while an <STRONG>mc5p</STRONG> is in effect.
2298 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Glitches-and-Brain-Damage">Glitches and Brain Damage</a></H3><PRE>
2299 Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow "~" characters to be displayed
2300 should indicate <STRONG>hz</STRONG>.
2302 Terminals which ignore a line-feed immediately after an <STRONG>am</STRONG> wrap, such
2303 as the Concept and vt100, should indicate <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>.
2305 If <STRONG>el</STRONG> is required to get rid of standout (instead of merely writing
2306 normal text on top of it), <STRONG>xhp</STRONG> should be given.
2308 Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks,
2309 should indicate <STRONG>xt</STRONG> (destructive tabs). Note: the variable indicating
2310 this is now "dest_tabs_magic_smso"; in older versions, it was
2311 teleray_glitch. This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not
2312 possible to position the cursor on top of a "magic cookie", that to
2313 erase standout mode it is instead necessary to use delete and insert
2314 line. The <EM>ncurses</EM> implementation ignores this glitch.
2316 The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the escape
2317 or control/C characters, has <STRONG>xsb</STRONG>, indicating that the f1 key is used
2318 for escape and f2 for control/C. (Only certain Superbees have this
2319 problem, depending on the ROM.) Note that in older terminfo versions,
2320 this capability was called "beehive_glitch"; it is now "no_esc_ctl_c".
2322 Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more
2323 capabilities of the form <STRONG>x</STRONG><EM>x</EM>.
2326 </PRE><H3><a name="h3-Pitfalls-of-Long-Entries">Pitfalls of Long Entries</a></H3><PRE>
2327 Long terminfo entries are unlikely to be a problem; to date, no entry
2328 has even approached terminfo's 4096-byte string-table maximum.
2329 Unfortunately, the termcap translations are much more strictly limited
2330 (to 1023 bytes), thus termcap translations of long terminfo entries can
2333 The man pages for 4.3BSD and older versions of <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> instruct the
2334 user to allocate a 1024-byte buffer for the termcap entry. The entry
2335 gets null-terminated by the termcap library, so that makes the maximum
2336 safe length for a termcap entry 1k-1 (1023) bytes. Depending on what
2337 the application and the termcap library being used does, and where in
2338 the termcap file the terminal type that <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> is searching for is,
2339 several bad things can happen:
2341 <STRONG>o</STRONG> some termcap libraries print a warning message,
2343 <STRONG>o</STRONG> some exit if they find an entry that's longer than 1023 bytes,
2345 <STRONG>o</STRONG> some neither exit nor warn, doing nothing useful, and
2347 <STRONG>o</STRONG> some simply truncate the entries to 1023 bytes.
2349 Some application programs allocate more than the recommended 1K for the
2350 termcap entry; others do not.
2352 Each termcap entry has two important sizes associated with it: before
2353 "tc" expansion, and after "tc" expansion. "tc" is the capability that
2354 tacks on another termcap entry to the end of the current one, to add on
2355 its capabilities. If a termcap entry does not use the "tc" capability,
2356 then of course the two lengths are the same.
2358 The "before tc expansion" length is the most important one, because it
2359 affects more than just users of that particular terminal. This is the
2360 length of the entry as it exists in /etc/termcap, minus the backslash-
2361 newline pairs, which <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> strips out while reading it. Some termcap
2362 libraries strip off the final newline, too (GNU termcap does not). Now
2365 <STRONG>o</STRONG> a termcap entry before expansion is more than 1023 bytes long,
2367 <STRONG>o</STRONG> and the application has only allocated a 1k buffer,
2369 <STRONG>o</STRONG> and the termcap library (like the one in BSD/OS 1.1 and GNU) reads
2370 the whole entry into the buffer, no matter what its length, to see
2371 if it is the entry it wants,
2373 <STRONG>o</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> is searching for a terminal type that either is the
2374 long entry, appears in the termcap file after the long entry, or
2375 does not appear in the file at all (so that <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> has to search
2376 the whole termcap file).
2378 Then <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> will overwrite memory, perhaps its stack, and probably
2379 core dump the program. Programs like telnet are particularly
2380 vulnerable; modern telnets pass along values like the terminal type
2381 automatically. The results are almost as undesirable with a termcap
2382 library, like SunOS 4.1.3 and Ultrix 4.4, that prints warning messages
2383 when it reads an overly long termcap entry. If a termcap library
2384 truncates long entries, like OSF/1 3.0, it is immune to dying here but
2385 will return incorrect data for the terminal.
2387 The "after tc expansion" length will have a similar effect to the
2388 above, but only for people who actually set <EM>TERM</EM> to that terminal type,
2389 since <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> only does "tc" expansion once it is found the terminal
2390 type it was looking for, not while searching.
2392 In summary, a termcap entry that is longer than 1023 bytes can cause,
2393 on various combinations of termcap libraries and applications, a core
2394 dump, warnings, or incorrect operation. If it is too long even before
2395 "tc" expansion, it will have this effect even for users of some other
2396 terminal types and users whose <EM>TERM</EM> variable does not have a termcap
2399 When in -C (translate to termcap) mode, the <EM>ncurses</EM> implementation of
2400 <STRONG><A HREF="tic.1m.html">tic(1m)</A></STRONG> issues warning messages when the pre-tc length of a termcap
2401 translation is too long. The -c (check) option also checks resolved
2402 (after tc expansion) lengths.
2405 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
2406 <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>
2407 compiled terminal description database directory
2410 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
2411 Searching for terminal descriptions in <EM>$HOME/.terminfo</EM> and
2412 <EM>TERMINFO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>DIRS</EM> is not supported by older implementations.
2414 Some SVr4 <STRONG>curses</STRONG> implementations, and all previous to SVr4, do not
2415 interpret the %A and %O operators in parameter strings.
2417 SVr4/XPG4 do not specify whether <STRONG>msgr</STRONG> licenses movement while in an
2418 alternate-character-set mode (such modes may, among other things, map
2419 CR and NL to characters that do not trigger local motions). The
2420 <EM>ncurses</EM> implementation ignores <STRONG>msgr</STRONG> in <STRONG>ALTCHARSET</STRONG> mode. This raises
2421 the possibility that an XPG4 implementation making the opposite
2422 interpretation may need terminfo entries made for <EM>ncurses</EM> to have <STRONG>msgr</STRONG>
2425 The <EM>ncurses</EM> library handles insert-character and insert-character modes
2426 in a slightly non-standard way to get better update efficiency. See
2427 the <STRONG>Insert/Delete</STRONG> <STRONG>Character</STRONG> subsection above.
2429 The parameter substitutions for <STRONG>set_clock</STRONG> and <STRONG>display_clock</STRONG> are not
2430 documented in SVr4 or the XSI Curses standard. They are deduced from
2431 the documentation for the AT&T 505 terminal.
2433 Be careful assigning the <STRONG>kmous</STRONG> capability. The <EM>ncurses</EM> library wants
2434 to interpret it as <STRONG>KEY_MOUSE</STRONG>, for use by terminals and emulators like
2435 xterm that can return mouse-tracking information in the keyboard-input
2438 X/Open Curses does not mention italics. Portable applications must
2439 assume that numeric capabilities are signed 16-bit values. This
2440 includes the <EM>no</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>color</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>video</EM> (<STRONG>ncv</STRONG>) capability. The 32768 mask value
2441 used for italics with <STRONG>ncv</STRONG> can be confused with an absent or cancelled
2442 <STRONG>ncv</STRONG>. If italics should work with colors, then the <STRONG>ncv</STRONG> value must be
2443 specified, even if it is zero.
2445 Different commercial ports of <EM>terminfo</EM> and <EM>curses</EM> support different
2446 subsets of XSI Curses and (in some cases) different extensions. Here
2447 is a summary, accurate as of October 1995, after which the commercial
2448 Unix market contracted and lost diversity.
2450 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4, Solaris, and <EM>ncurses</EM> support all SVr4 capabilities.
2452 <STRONG>o</STRONG> IRIX supports the SVr4 set and adds one undocumented extended
2453 string capability (<STRONG>set_pglen</STRONG>).
2455 <STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr1 and Ultrix support a restricted subset of <EM>terminfo</EM>
2456 capabilities. The Booleans end with <STRONG>xon_xoff</STRONG>; the numerics with
2457 <STRONG>width_status_line</STRONG>; and the strings with <STRONG>prtr_non</STRONG>.
2459 <STRONG>o</STRONG> HP/UX supports the SVr1 subset, plus the SVr[234] numerics
2460 <STRONG>num_labels</STRONG>, <STRONG>label_height</STRONG>, <STRONG>label_width</STRONG>, plus function keys 11
2461 through 63, plus <STRONG>plab_norm</STRONG>, <STRONG>label_on</STRONG>, and <STRONG>label_off</STRONG>, plus a number
2462 of incompatible string table extensions.
2464 <STRONG>o</STRONG> AIX supports the SVr1 subset, plus function keys 11 through 63,
2465 plus a number of incompatible string table extensions.
2467 <STRONG>o</STRONG> OSF/1 supports both the SVr4 set and the AIX extensions.
2470 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
2471 Do not count on compiled (binary) <EM>terminfo</EM> entries being portable
2472 between commercial Unix systems. At least two implementations of
2473 <EM>terminfo</EM> (those of HP-UX and AIX) diverged from those of other System V
2474 Unices after SVr1, adding extension capabilities to the string table
2475 that (in the binary format) collide with subsequent System V and XSI
2479 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
2480 Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey. Based on <EM>pcurses</EM>
2484 </PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
2485 <STRONG><A HREF="infocmp.1m.html">infocmp(1m)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tic.1m.html">tic(1m)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>,
2486 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>,
2487 <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>
2491 ncurses 6.4 2024-01-13 <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
2495 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
2496 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
2497 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
2499 <li><a href="#h3-terminfo-Entry-Syntax">terminfo Entry Syntax</a></li>
2500 <li><a href="#h3-terminfo-Capabilities-Syntax">terminfo Capabilities Syntax</a></li>
2501 <li><a href="#h3-Similar-Terminals">Similar Terminals</a></li>
2502 <li><a href="#h3-Predefined-Capabilities">Predefined Capabilities</a></li>
2503 <li><a href="#h3-User-Defined-Capabilities">User-Defined Capabilities</a></li>
2504 <li><a href="#h3-A-Sample-Entry">A Sample Entry</a></li>
2505 <li><a href="#h3-Types-of-Capabilities">Types of Capabilities</a></li>
2506 <li><a href="#h3-Fetching-Compiled-Descriptions">Fetching Compiled Descriptions</a></li>
2507 <li><a href="#h3-Preparing-Descriptions">Preparing Descriptions</a></li>
2508 <li><a href="#h3-Basic-Capabilities">Basic Capabilities</a></li>
2509 <li><a href="#h3-Parameterized-Strings">Parameterized Strings</a></li>
2510 <li><a href="#h3-Cursor-Motions">Cursor Motions</a></li>
2511 <li><a href="#h3-Margins">Margins</a></li>
2512 <li><a href="#h3-Area-Clears">Area Clears</a></li>
2513 <li><a href="#h3-Insert_Delete-Line-and-Vertical-Motions">Insert/Delete Line and Vertical Motions</a></li>
2514 <li><a href="#h3-Insert_Delete-Character">Insert/Delete Character</a></li>
2515 <li><a href="#h3-Highlighting_Underlining_and-Visible-Bells">Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells</a></li>
2516 <li><a href="#h3-Keypad-and-Function-Keys">Keypad and Function Keys</a></li>
2517 <li><a href="#h3-Tabs-and-Initialization">Tabs and Initialization</a></li>
2518 <li><a href="#h3-Delays-and-Padding">Delays and Padding</a></li>
2519 <li><a href="#h3-Status-Lines">Status Lines</a></li>
2520 <li><a href="#h3-Line-Graphics">Line Graphics</a></li>
2521 <li><a href="#h3-Color-Handling">Color Handling</a></li>
2522 <li><a href="#h3-Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></li>
2523 <li><a href="#h3-Glitches-and-Brain-Damage">Glitches and Brain Damage</a></li>
2524 <li><a href="#h3-Pitfalls-of-Long-Entries">Pitfalls of Long Entries</a></li>
2527 <li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
2528 <li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
2529 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
2530 <li><a href="#h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></li>
2531 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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